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Pathophysiology and Reactive Oxygen Metabolites

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Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defenses in Biology

Abstract

Aerobic metabolism provides an organism with a distinct metabolic advantage in that it allows for the complete combustion of glucose to carbon dioxide and water, and in the process produces 36 moles of ATP. However, all aerobic organisms pay a price for this metabolic advantage. It is known that during normal metabolism a small but significant flux of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) are produced by the mitochondrial electron transport chain and by a variety of different oxidases. More specialized cells such as erythrocytes may generate even greater amounts of ROMs via the spontaneous autooxidation of important biological substrates such as hemoglobin. Thus, virtually all aerobic organisms possess several different enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants including superoxide dismutase (SOD) or SOD-like chelates, catalase and/or peroxidases, as well as a variety of metal binding proteins and low molecular weight antioxidants.

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Authors
  1. Yan Chen
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  2. Allen M. Miles
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  3. Matthew B. Grisham
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, 89557-0014, USA

    Sami Ahmad

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© 1995 Chapman & Hall

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Chen, Y., Miles, A.M., Grisham, M.B. (1995). Pathophysiology and Reactive Oxygen Metabolites. In: Ahmad, S. (eds) Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defenses in Biology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9689-9_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9689-9_2

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