Abstract
The experimental group consisted of 20 young adult, Caucasian, male stutterers, ranging in age from 16 to 40 years, with an average age of 23.4 years. They were native-born, monolingual, native speakers of American English who had received their primary and secondary education in the public schools in one of two large metropolitan areas. Those having postsecondary education had pursued their study in a state-supported university. Their educational levels ranged from 11 to 18 years, with an average of 14.1 years of formal education.
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Footnotes
Primary Mental Abilities (1949). Published by Science Research Associates, Chicago, IL.
In contrast to free association, the type expressed in the usual word association test, and to continuous or “chain” association tasks.
Data I have gathered periodically over more recent times have continued to confirm these findings. Further, other research contains corroborative evidence (see Chapter 8).
Originally published in 1910, the list was later printed as a formal test by the Stoelting Company and has subsequently appeared in many sources.
The list by Rapaport et al. contains many words reflecting psychodynamic, including psychoanalytic, concepts.
A wide range of other research in the psychology of stuttering also does not support the assumption of an emotional basis for the disorder. See Wingate (1976, chap. 2).
This group included two “recovered” stutterers.
The difficult items were too difficult for everyone. Similarly, all subjects in the present research failed to solve some of the Slurvians.
It is worth noting that certain differences between the sexes in King’s results were sufficient to contraindicate combining the sexes in making the comparisons between the stutterers and normal speakers.
In some cases the interval was slightly longer, but never longer than two weeks.
Although most words were of one syllable, a word of more than one syllable qualified if the first vowel met the criterion.
For instance, in Johnson’s (1961a) collection of spontaneous speech samples, subjects were prompted to continue speaking until they had produced samples of a minimum size comparable across subjects.
The number of words in the “most common” category varied among the stimulus words, ranging between one and four, and was determined by the proportional occurences of these words to the total number recorded.
The interested reader should consult the TBR Manual.
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© 1988 Marcel E. Wingate
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Wingate, M.E. (1988). Method and Procedure. In: The Structure of Stuttering. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9664-6_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9664-6_7
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