Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Hepatitis Prophylaxis

  • Chapter
Modern Concepts of Acute and Chronic Hepatitis

  • 70 Accesses

Abstract

Prophylaxis is discussed traditionally in terms of preexposure and postexposure situations. In the case of preexposure prophylaxis, the practitioner must commit to a current action of uncertain necessity that carries a specific risk of adverse reactions. For postexposure prophylaxis, the need to deal with a present danger is clear but there is a reduced efficacy of the late-starting immunoprophylaxis. Intervention may be by either passive or active immunization. In passive immunization, the patient receives short-term protection from antibody present in immune globulins (IG), whereas an active response to vaccine is expected to produce endogenous antibody and long-term immunity. In some situations, a combined passive-active immunization may result from IG that attenuates infection without inhibiting antibody production.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Maynard JE: Passive and active immunization in the control of viral hepatitis, in Szmuness W, Alter HJ, Maynard JE (eds): Viral Hepatitis. Philadelphia, The Franklin Institute Press, 1982, pp. 379–384.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Grady GF: Prevention of hepatitis by passive immunization, in Dienhardt F, Dienhardt J (eds): Viral Hepatitis: Laboratory and Clinical Science. New York, Dekker, 1983, pp. 241–256.

    Google Scholar 

  3. ACIP: Recommendations for protection against viral hepatitis. MMWR 34:313–324, 329–335, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Smallwood LA, Tabor E, Finlayson JS, Gerety RJ: Antibodies to hepatitis A virus in immune serum globulin. J Med Virol 7:21–27, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. McLean AA: Development of vaccines against hepatitis A and hepatitis B. Rev Infect Dis 8:591–98, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Provost PJ, Emini EA: Progress towards the development of a hepatitis A vaccine, in International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, London, 1987, p. 24 (abst).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Binn LN, Bancroft WH, Eckels KH, et al: Inactivated hepatitis A virus vaccine produced in human diploid MRC-5 cells, in: International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, London, 1987, p. 25 (abst).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Sjogren MH, Eckeis KH, Binn LN, et al: Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in volunteers, in: International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, London, 1987, p. 25 (abst).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Flemmig B, Haage A, Heinricy V, Pfisterer M. Immunogenicity of a hepatitis A vaccine, in: International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease, London, 1987, p. 25 (abst).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Stevens CE, Beasley RP, Lin C-C, et al: Perinatal hepatitis B virus infection: Use of hepatitis B immune globulin, in: Szmuness W, Alter HJ, Maynard JE (eds): Viral Hepatitis. Philadelphia, Franklin Institute Press, 1982, pp. 527–535.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Seeff LB, Wright EC, Zimmerman HJ, et al: Type B hepatitis after needle-stick exposure: Prevention with hepatitis B immune globulin: Final report of the VA Cooperative Study. Ann Intern Med 88:285–293, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Grady GF, Lee VA, Prince AM, et al: Hepatitis B immune globulin for accidental exposures among medical personnel: Final report of a multi-center controlled trial. J Infect Dis 138:626–638, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Szmuness W, Stevens CE, Harley EJ, et al: Hepatitis B vaccine: Demonstration of efficacy in a controlled clinical trial in a high-risk population in the United States. N Engl J Med 303:833–841, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. McAleer WJ, Buynak EB, Maigetter RZ, et al: Human hepatitis B vaccine from recombinant yeast. Nature (Lond) 307:178–180, 1984.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Davidson M, Krugman S: Recombinant yeast hepatitis B vaccine compared with plasma derived vaccine: Immunogenicity and effect of a booster dose. J Infect 13(suppl A):31–38, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Hollinger FB, Troisi CL, Pepe PE: Anti-HBs responses to vaccination with a human hepatitis B vaccine made by recombinant DNA technology in yeast. J Infect Dis 153:156–159, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Stevens CE, Taylor PE, Tong MJ, et al: Yeast-recombinant hepatitis B vaccine: Efficacy with hepatitis B immune globulin in prevention of perinatal hepatitis B virus transmission. JAMA 257:2612–2616, 1987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Hollinger FB: Hepatitis B vaccines—to switch or not to switch. (Editorial.) JAMA 257:2634–2636, 1987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Krugman S, Davidson M: Hepatitis B vaccine: Prospects for duration of immunity. Yale J Biol Med 60:333–338, 1987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. ACIP: Update on hepatitis B prevention. MMWR 36:353–360, 366, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Tabor E, Howard CR, Skelly J, et al: Immunogenicity in chimpanzees of experimental hepatitis B vaccines made from intact hepatitis B virus, purified polypeptides or polypeptides in micelles. J Med Virol 10:65–74, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Sanchez Y, Ionescu-Matiu I, Melnick JL, et al: Comparative studies of the immunogenic activity of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBsAg polypeptides. J Med Virol 11:115–124, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Howard CR, Young P, Steward MW, et al: Development of novel hepatitis B vaccines. Dev Biol Std 59:89–98, 1985.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Brown SE, Howard CR, Zuckerman AJ, et al: Affinity of antibody responses in man to hepatitis B vaccine determined with synthetic peptides. Lancet 2:184–187, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Moss B, Smith GL, Gerin JL, et al: Live recombinant vaccinia virus protects chimpanzees against hepatitis B. Nature (Lond) 311:67–69, 1984.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Paoletti E, Lipinskas BR, Samsonoff C, et al: Construction of live vaccines using genetically engineered poxviruses: Biological activity of vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the hepatitis B surface antigen and the herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:193–197, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Beasley RP, Hwang LY, Lee GC, et al: Prevention of perinatally transmitted hepatitis B infections with hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccine. Lancet 2:1099–1102, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Craven DE, Awdeh ZL, Kunches LM, et al: Nonresponsiveness to hepatitis B vaccine in health care workers. Ann Intern Med 105:356–360, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Centers for Disease Control: Suboptimal response to hepatitis B vaccine given by injection into the buttock. MMWR 34:105–109, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Stevens CE, Alter HJ, Taylor PE, et al: Hepatitis B vaccine in patients receiving hemodialysis: Immunogenicity and efficacy. N Engl J Med 311:496–501, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Aach RD, Szmuness W, Mosley JW, et al: Serum alanine aminotransferase of donors in relation to the risk of non-A, non-B hepatitis in recipients. N Engl J Med 304:989–994, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Hollinger FB, Alter HJ, Holland PV, Aach RD: Non-A, non-B posttransfusion hepatitis in the United States, in Gerety RJ (ed): Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis. New York, Academic, 1981, pp. 49–70.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Bradley DW, Maynard JE: Etiology and natural history of post-transfusion and enterically-transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis. Semin Liver Dis 6:56–66, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Wong DC, Purcell RH, Sreenivasan MA, et al: Epidemic and endemic hepatitis in India: Evidence for a non-A, non-B hepatitis virus aetiology. Lancet 2:876–879, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Khuroo MS: Study of an epidemic of non-A, non-B hepatitis: Possibility of another type of human hepatitis virus distinct from post-transfusion non-A, non-B type. Am J Med 68:818–824, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Center for Disease Control: Enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis—Mexico. MMWR 36:597–602, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  37. DeCock KM, Bradley DW, Sandford NL, et al: Epidemic non-A, non-B hepatitis in patients from Pakistan. Ann Intern Med 106:227–230, 1987.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Seeff LB, Zimmerman HJ, Wright EC, and the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group: A randomized, double-blind controlled trial of the efficacy of immune serum globulin for the prevention of post-transfusion hepatitis. Gastroenterology 72:111–121, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Knodell RG, Conrad ME, Ginsberg AL, et al: Efficacy of prophylactic gammaglobulin in preventing non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis. Lancet 1:557–561, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Kuhns WJ, Prince AM, Brotman B, et al: A clinical and laboratory evaluation of immune serum globulin from donors with a history of hepatitis: Attempted prevention of post-transfusion hepatitis. Am J Med Sci 272:255–261, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Bond WW, Petersen NJ, Favero MS: Viral hepatitis B: Aspects of environmental control. Health Lab Sci 14:235–252, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Favero MS: Sterilization, disinfection, and antisepsis in the hospital, in: Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 4th Ed. Washington, DC, American Society for Microbiology, 1985, pp. 129–137.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Garner JS, Favero MS: Guideline for Handwashing and Hospital Environmental Control, 1985. Publication No. 99-1117. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Wells M, Wittek A, Epstein J, et al: Inactivation and partitioning of human T-cell lymphotropic virus, type III, during ethanol fractionation of plasma. Transfusion 26:210–213, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Francis DP, Feorino PM, McDougal S, et al: The safety of hepatitis B vaccine: Inactivation of the AIDS virus during routine vaccine manufacture. JAMA 256:869–872, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Dienstag JL, Werner BG, McLane MF, et al: Absence of antibodies to human T cell leukemia virus, type III in health workers after hepatitis B vaccination. JAMA 254:1064–1066, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Massachusetts Center for Disease Control, Department of Public Health, and Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02130, USA

    Barbara G. Werner & George F. Grady

Authors
  1. Barbara G. Werner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. George F. Grady
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Gary Gitnick M. D.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Plenum Publishing Corporation

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Werner, B.G., Grady, G.F. (1989). Hepatitis Prophylaxis. In: Gitnick, G. (eds) Modern Concepts of Acute and Chronic Hepatitis. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9519-9_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9519-9_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-9521-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-9519-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation