Skip to main content

Abstract

Drug dependence often presents to clinics and hospitals by virtue of medical, surgical, and psychiatric complications. Drug dependence can also mimic a wide variety of medical conditions. Unless the clinician remains alert to the possibility of drug dependence, the patient may obtain treatment for the secondary complication while the primary problem, drug dependence, goes untreated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Akiguchi I, Fujiwara T, Iwai N, Kawai C: A case of chronic thinner (toluene) intoxication with myeloneuropathy and EEG abnormality. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 1977; 17:586.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Alapin B: Trichloroethylene addiction and its effects. Br J Addict 1973; 68:331.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Allentuck S, Bowman KM: The psychiatric aspects of marihuana intoxication. Am J Psychiatry 1942; 99:248.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Altenkirch H: Sniffing addiction: Chronic solvent abuse with neurotoxic effects in children and juveniles. Deutsch Med Wochenschr 1979; 104:935.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Amaducci L, Arfaioli C, Inzitari D, Martinetti MG: Another possible precipitating factor in multiple sclerosis: The exposure to organic solvents. Boll Inst Sieroter (Milan) 1978; 56:613.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Amess JAL, Burman JF, Rees GM, Nancekievill DG, Mollin DL: Megaloblastic haemopoiesis in patients receiving nitrous oxide. Lancet 1978; 2:339.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Angrist BM, Gershon S: The phenomenology of experimentally induced amphetamine psychosis. Biol Psychiatry 1970; 2:95.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ashley MJ, Rankin J: Hazardous alcohol consumption and diseases of the circulatory system. J Stud Alcohol 1980; 41:1040–1069.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Auerbach O, Hammond EC, Garfinkel L: Changes in bronchial epithelium in relation to cigarette smoking, 1955–1960 vs. 1970–1977. N Engl J Med 1979; 300:381.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Baker H, Frank O, Zetterman RK, Rajan KS, Ten-Hove W, Leevy CM: Inability of chronic alcoholics with liver disease to use food as a source of folates’, thiamin and vitamin B6. Am J Clin Nutr 1975; 28:1377–1380.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Banner AS: Pulmonary function in chronic alcoholism. Am Rev Respir Dis 1973; 108:851.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Bellet S, Roman L, DeCastro O, Kim KD, Kershbaum A: Effect of coffee ingestion on catecholamine release. Metabolism 1969; 18:288.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Berkowitz BA, Tarver JH, Spector S: Release of norepinephrine in the central nervous system by theophylline and caffeine. Eur J Pharmacol 1970; 10:64.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Berthelot P, Walker JG, Sherlock S: Arterial changes in the lungs in cirrhosis of the liver-lung spider nevi. N Engl J Med 1966; 274:291.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Bode JC: Factors influencing alcohol metabolism in man: Alcohol and the gastrointestinal tract. INSERM Symp Ser 1980; 95:65–92.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Boyd EM, Dolmen M, Knight LM, Sheppard EP: The chronic oral toxicity of caffeine. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1965; 43:995–1007.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Brantmark B, Ohlin P, Westling H: Nicotine-containing chewing gum as an anti-smoking aid. Psychopharmacologia 1973; 31:191.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Bray ton RG, Stokes PE, Schwartz MS, Louria DB: Effects of alcohol and various diseases on leukocyte and mobilization phagocytosis and intracellular killing. N Engl J Med 1970; 282:123–128.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Bromberg W: Marihuana intoxication: A clinical study of Cannabis sativa intoxication. Am J Psychiatry 1934; 91:303.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Buffet C, Chaput JC, Abuisson F, Subtil E, Etienne JP: La macrocytose dans l’hepatite alcoholique chronique histologiquement prouvee. Arch Fr Med Appl Diag 1975; 64:309–315.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Charlton RW, Jacobs P, Seftel H, Bothwell TH: Effect of alcohol on iron absorption. Br Med J 1964; 2:1427–1429.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Cicero TJ: Neuroendocrinological effects of alcohol. Annu Rev Med 1981; 32:123–142.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Cicero TJ, Bell RD, Meyer E: Effects of ethanol on testicular steroidogenesis: Mechanism of action. Drug Alcohol Depend 1980; 6:50–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Clarren SK, Alvord EC Jr, Sumi SM, Streissguth AP, Smith DW: Brain malformations related to prenatal exposure to ethanol. J Pediatr 1978; 92:64–67.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Colton T, Gosselin RE, Smith RP: The tolerance of coffee drinkers to caffeine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1968; 9:31.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Conn HO, Fessel JM: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: Variations on a theme. Medicine 1971; 50:161–197.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Conrad ME, Barton JC: Anemia and iron kinetics in alcoholism. Semin Hematol 1980; 17:149–163.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Cooperman MT, Davidoff F, Spark R, Pallotta J: Clinical studies of alcoholic ketoacidosis. Diabetes 1974; 23:433–439.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Dalen N, Lamke B: Bone mineral losses in alcoholics. Acta Orthop Scand 1976; 47:469.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. DiMaio VJM, Garriott JC: Four deaths resulting from abuse of nitrous oxide. J Forensic Sci 1978; 23:169.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Dreisbach RH, Pfeiffer C: Caffeine-withdrawal headache. J Lab Clin Med 1943; 28:1212.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Dreosti IE, Ballard FJ, Belling BG, Hetzel BS: Ethanol, DNA synthesis, and fetal development. Alcoholism: Clin Exp Res 1981; 5:357–362.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Easson W: Gasoline addiction in children. Pediatrics 1962; 29:250.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Edwards G: Alcohol and Alcoholism: The Report of a Special Committee of the Royal College of Psychiatrists .New York, Free Press, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Eichner ER, Human RS: The evolution of anemia in alcoholic patients. Am J Med 1971; 50:218–232.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Ellis FW: Effect of ethanol on plasma corticosterone levels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1966; 153:121.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Erhardt E: Psychic disturbances in caffeine intoxication. Acta Med Scand 1929; 71:94.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Flemenbaum A, Gunby B: Ethchlorvynol (Placidyl) abuse and withdrawal. Dis Nerv Syst 1971; 32:188.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Frajria R, Angeli A: Alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome (letter). Lancet 1977; 1:1050.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Freisen G: Vancouver Island traffic fatalities, 1966–1970. J Trauma 1974; 14:791.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Furlong FW: Possible psychiatric significance of excessive coffee consumption. Can Psychiatr Assoc J 1975; 20:577.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Garriott J, Petty CS: Death from inhalant abuse. Toxicological and pathological evaluation of 34 cases. Clin Toxicol 1980; 16:305.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Gluckman SJ, Dvorak VC, MacGregor RR: Host defense during prolonged alcohol consumption in a controlled environment. Arch Intern Med 1977; 137:1539–1543.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Greden JF: Anxiety or caffeinism: A diagnostic dilemma. Am J Psychiatry 1974; 131:1089.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Gross MM, Hastey JM: Sleep disturbances in alcoholism, in Tarter R, Sugerman A (eds): Alcoholism .Reading, Massachusetts, Addison-Wesley, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Gross MM, Lewis E, Hastey J: Acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome, in Kissin B, Begleiter H (eds): The Biology of Alcoholism, Clinical Pathology .New York, Plenum Press, 1974, vol 3.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Hawthorne VM, Fry JS: Smoking and health: The association between smoking behaviour, total mortality, and cardiorespiratory disease in West Central Scotland. J Epidemiol Community Health 1978; 32(4):260–266.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Heineman HO: Alcohol and the lung: A brief review. Am J Med 1977; 63:81–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Hilman RW: Alcoholism and malnutrition, in Kissen B, Begleiter H (eds): The Biology of Alcoholism: Clinical Pathology .New York, Plenum Press, 1974, vol 3.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Holczabek W: The alcoholized pedestrian as a victim of fatal traffic accidents. Wein Klin Wochenschr 1976; 88:206.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Husain MK, Andrew GF, Ciarochi F, Robinson AG: Nicotine-stimulated release of neurophysin and vasopressin in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1975; 41:1113.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Israelst AMS, Lambert S, Oki G: Poppers, a new recreational drug craze. Can Pyschiatr Assoc J 1978; 23:493.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Jaffee JH: Drug addiction and drug abuse, in Gilman AG, Goodman LS, Gilman A (eds): The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics .New York, MacMillan, 1980, pp 535–584.

    Google Scholar 

  54. James WRL: Fatal addiction to trichloroethylene. Br JInd Med 1963; 20:47.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Johnson LC, Burdick JA, Smith J: Sleep during alcohol intake and withdrawal in the chronic alcoholic. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1970; 22:406–418.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Kaminski R, Rumeau-Rouquette C, Schwartz D: Consommation d’alcool chez les femmes enceintes et issue de la grossesse (Alcohol consumption among pregnant women and outcome of pregnancy). Rev Epidem Sante Publique 1976; 24:27–40.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Kaufman SE, Kaye MD: Induction of gastro-esophageal reflux by alcohol. Gut 1978; 19:336–338.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Knowles JB, Laverty SG, Kuechler HA: Effects of alcohol on REM sleep. Q J Stud Alcohol 1968; 29:342–349.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Korsten MA, Lieber CS: Nutrition in the alcoholic. Med Clin North Am 1979; 63:963–972.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Lawton J, Malmquist C: Gasoline addiction in children. Psychiatr Q 1961; 35:551.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Layzer RB, Fishman RA, Schafer JA: Neuropathy following abuse of nitrous oxide. Neurology 1978; 28:504.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Lemoine P, Haronsseau H, Borteryu JP, Menuet JP: Les enfants de partents alcoholiques: Anomalies observees a propos de 127 cas (Children of alcoholic parents: Anomalies observed in 127 cases). Quest Med 1968; 25:476–482.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Lieber CS, Jones DP, Mendelson J, De Carli LM: Fatty liver, hyperlipemia and hyperuricemia produced by prolonged alcohol consumption, despite adequate dietary intake. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 1963; 76:289–300.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Lindenbaum J, Hargrove RL: Thrombocytopenia in alcoholics. Ann Intern Med 1968; 68:526–532.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Lindholm J, Fabricius-Bjerre N, Bahnsen M, Boiesen P, Bangstrup L, Pedersen ML, Hagen C: Pituitary-testicular function in patients with chronic alcoholism. Eur J Clin Invest 1978; 8:269.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Louria DB, Almy TP: Susceptibility to infection during experimental alcohol intoxication. Tran Assoc Am Physicians 1963; 76:102–112.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Lowenfels AB: Alcohol and cancer: A review and update. Br J Alcohol Alcoholism 1979; 14(3):148–163.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Lowry TP: The volatile nitrites as sexual drugs: A user survey. J Sex Educ Ther 1979; 1:8.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Lundy J, Raaf JH, Deakins S, Wanebo HJ, Jacobs DA, Tsungdao L, Jacobowitz D, Spear C, Oettgen HF: The acute and chronic effects of alcohol on the human immune system. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1975; 141:212–218.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Lupke H, Gerchow J, Schmidt K: On two cases of lethal trichloroethylene intoxication. Z Rechtsmed 1978; 81:237.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Lyons HA, Saltzman A: Diseases of the respiratory tract in alcoholics, in Kissin B, Begleiter H (eds): The Biology of Alcoholism: Clinical Pathology .New York, Plenum Press, 1974, vol 3.

    Google Scholar 

  72. MacGregor RR, Gluckman SJ, Senior JR: Granulocyte function and levels of immunoglobulins and complement in patients admitted for withdrawal from alcohol. J Infect Dis 1978; 138:747–753.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Marbach G, Schwertz MT: Effects physiologiques de l’alcohol et la caffeine au cours du sommeil chez l’homme. Arch Sci Physiol 1964; 18:163.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Margolis J, Robert DM: Frequency of skin lesions in chronic drinkers. Arch Dermatol 1976; 112:1326–1327.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Mawdsley C, Mayer R: Nerve conduction in alcoholic polyneuropathy. Brain 1965; 88:335–356.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Mayer R: Peripheral nerve conduction in alcoholics: Studies of the effects of acute and chronic intoxication. Psychosom Med 1966; 28(part 2):475–483.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Mendelson JH, Mello NK, Ellingboe J: Effect of acute alcohol intake on pituitary gonadal hormones in normal human males. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1977; 202:676–682.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Merry J, Zachariadis N: Addiction to glue sniffing. Br Med J 1962; 2:1448.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Mezey E: Intestinal function in chronic alcoholism. Ann NY Acad Sci 1975; 252:215–227.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Mezey E, Jow E, Slavin RE, Tobin F: Pancreatic function and intestinal absorption in chronic alcoholism. Gastroenterology 1970; 56:657–664.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Mikkelsen S, Gregersen P, Klausen H, Dossing M, Nielsen H: Presenile dementia as an occupational disease following industrial exposure to organic solvents: A review of the literature. Ugeskr Laeger 1978; 140:1633.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Morin J, Porte P: Macrocytose erythrocytaire chez les ethyliques. Nouv Presse Med 1976; 5:273.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Muller P, Britton RS, Seeman P: The effects of long-term ethanol on brain receptors for dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin and noradrenaline. Eur J Pharmacol 1980; 65:31–37.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Myrhed M, Berglund L, Bottiger LE: Alcohol consumption and hematology. Acta Med Scand 1977; 202:11–15.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Nolan JP: Alcohol as a factor in the illness of university service patients. Am J Med Sci 1965; 249:135–142.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Normura N, Mitani K, Terao A, Shirabe T: A case of myeloneuropathy induced by chronic exposure to organic solvents. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 1978; 18:259.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Nylander I: Thinner addiction in children and adolescents. Acta Paedopsychiatr 1962; 29:273.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. O’Brien ET, Yeoman WB, Hobby JAE: Hepatorenal damage from toluene in a “glue sniffer.” Br Med J 1971; 2:29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. O’Shea KS, Kaufman MH: The teratogenic effect of acetaldehyde: Implications for the study of the fetal alcohol syndrome. J Anat 1979; 128:65–76.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Orkin LR: Addiction, alcoholism, and anesthesia. South Med J 1977; 70:1172–1174.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Post RM: Cocaine psychosis: A continuum model Am J Psychiatry 1975; 132:225.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Ratnoff OD, Patek AJ: The natural history of Laennec’s cirrhosis of the liver. Medicine 1942; 21:207–268.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Regan TJ: Alcoholic cardiomyopathy, in Feldman EB (ed): Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease .New York, Appleton-Century Crofts, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Regan TJ, Ettinger PO, Haider B, Ahmed S, Oldewurtel HA, Lyons MM: The role of ethanol in cardiac disease. Annu Rev Med 1977; 28:393–409.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Resnick RB, Kestenbaum RS, Schwartz LK: Acute systematic effects of cocaine in man: A controlled study by intranasal and intravenous routes. Science 1977; 195:696.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Rolleston H: Medical aspects of tobacco. Lancet 1926; 1:961.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Rubin E: Alcoholic myopathy in heart and muscle. N Engl J Med 1979; 301:28–33.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Rubin E, Katz AM, Leiber CS: Muscle damage produced by chronic alcohol consumption. Am J Pathol 1976; 83:499–575.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Russell MAH: Cigarette smoking: Natural history of a dependence disorder. Br J Med Psychol 1971; 44:1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Russell MAH, Wilson D, Feyerabend D, Cole PV: Effect of nicotine chewing gum on smoking behavior and as an aid to cigarette withdrawal. Br Med J 1976; 2:391.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Sahenk Z, Mendell JR, Couri D, Nachtmen J: Polyneuropathy from inhalation of N20 cartridges through a whipped-cream dispenser. Neurology 1978; 28:485.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Sarles H: Chronic calcifying pancreatitis—Chronic alcohol pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 1974; 66:604–616.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Schulz R, Wuster M, Duka T, Herz A: Acute and chronic ethanol treatment changes endorphin levels in brain and pituitary. Psychopharmacology 1980; 68:221–227.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Seshai SS, Rajani KR, Boeckx RL, Chow PN: The neurological manifestations of chronic inhalation of leaded gasoline. Dev Med Child Neurol 1978; 20:323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. Siegel RK: Cocaine smoking. N Engl J Med 1979; 300:373.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Sigell LT, Kapp FT, Fusaro GA, Nelson ED, Falck RS: Popping and snorting volatile nitrites: A current fad for getting high. Am J Psychiatry 1978; 135:1216.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Smith DE, Wesson DR: Benzodiazepine dependency syndrome. J Psychoactive Drugs 1983; 15:85–95.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Spencer JD, Raasch FO, Trefny FA: Halothane abuse in hospital personnel. JAMA 1976; 235:1034.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Spivak JL, Jackson DL: Pellagra: An analysis of 18 patients and review of the literature. Johns Hopkins Med J 1977; 140:295–309.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Stiehm EF: Humoral immunity in malnutrition. Fed Proc 1980; 39:3093–3097.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Stillner V, Popkin MK, Pierce CM: Caffeine-induced delirium during prolonged competitive stress. Am J Psychiatry 1978; 135:855.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Syntinsky IA, Guzikov M, Gomanko MV, Eremin VP, Konovalova NN: The gamma-ami-nobutyric acid (GABA) system in brain during acute and chronic ethanol intoxication. J Neurochem 1975; 15:43–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. Tabakoff B, Melchior C, Urwyler S, Hoffman PL: Alterations in neurotransmitter function during the development of ethanol tolerance and dependence, in Idestrom CM (ed): Alcohol and Brain Research .Copenhagen, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1981, vol 62.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Taher SM, Anderson RJ, McCartney R, Popovtzer MM, Schrier RW: Renal tubular acidosis associated with toluene “sniffing.” N Engl J Med 1974; 290:765.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Taylor G, IV, Harris W: Cardiac toxicity of aerosol propellants. JAMA 1970; 214:81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Treffert DA: Marihuana use in schizophrenia: A clear hazard. Am J Psychiatry 1978; 135:10.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Tuyns AJ: Epidemiology of alcohol and cancer. Cancer Res 1979; 39:2840–2843.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Van Thiel DH, Gavaler JS, Eagon P, Lester R: Effect of alcohol on gonadal function. Drug Alcohol Depend 1980; 6:41–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  119. Van Thiel DH, Gavaler JS, Lester R: Ethanol: A gonadal toxin in the female. Drug Alcohol Depend 1977; 2:373–380.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Wallenstedt S, Cederblad G, Korsan-bengtsen K, Olsson R: Coagulation factors and other plasma proteins during abstinence after heavy alcohol consumption in chronic alcoholics. Scand J Gastroenterol 1977; 12:649–655.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  121. Waters AH, Morley AA, Rankin JG: Effect of alcohol on haemopoiesis. Br Med J 1966; 2:1565–1568.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Watson TD, Lee JF: Preanesthetic care, intoxication and trauma. Clin Anesth 1976; 11:31–38.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Westermeyer J: A Clinical Guide to Alcohol and Drug Problems. New York, Praeger, 1986, pp 270–271.

    Google Scholar 

  124. Whalley LJ: Sexual adjustment of male alcoholics. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1978; 58:281–298.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Whitlock FA, Charalampous KD, Lynn EJ, et al: Amphetamines: Medical and Psychological Studies. New York, MSS Information Corp, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  126. Williams RB, Russell RM, Dutta SK, et al: Alcoholic pancreatitis: Patients at high risk of acute zinc deficiency. Am J Med 1979; 66:889–893.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Wilson GT, Lawson DM, Abrams DB: Effects of alcohol on sexual arousal in male alcoholics. J Abnorm Psychol 1978; 87:609–616.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Winternitz WW, Quillen D: Acute hormonal response to cigarette smoking. J Clin Pharmacol 1977; 17:389.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Woeber K: The skin in diagnosing alcoholism. Ann NY Acad Sci 1975; 252:292–295.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Wolff MH: The barbiturate withdrawal syndrome: A clinical and electroencephalographic study. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1959; 14 (suppl): 11–173.

    Google Scholar 

  131. Worden RE: Pattern of muscle and nerve pathology in alcoholism. Ann NY Acad Sci 1976; 273:351–359.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Ylikahri RH: Hormonal changes during alcohol intoxication and withdrawal. Drug Alcohol Depend 1980; 6:42–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Further Reading

  • Lieber CS: Medical Disorders of Alcoholism: Pathogenesis and Treatment. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lieber CS, Jones DP, Losowsky MS, et al: Interrelation of uric acid and ethanol metabolism in man. J Clin Invest 1962; 41:1863–1870.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberton RJ, Khan I: Designer drugs. Bull WHO 1986; 64(6):801–805.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Plenum Publishing Corporation

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Arif, A., Westermeyer, J. (1988). Medical Complications. In: Arif, A., Westermeyer, J. (eds) Manual of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9516-8_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9516-8_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-9518-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-9516-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics