Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Fraction I Endorphin in Cerebrospinal Fluid Clinical Studies

  • Chapter
Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 2

Abstract

One of the landmarks in the characterization of the opioid receptors was the introduction of the receptor-binding assay employing opiates labeled with high specific activity. This method of investigation was also important in the search for endogenous ligands to the opiate receptors.65 Such substances are now designated endorphins. One approach to the study of the role of endorphins in neuropsychiatric states that may reflect the functional conditions in man is such an appropriate biochemical examination of body fluids. Blood and urine were considered too complex, and their constituents may be too far removed from the central nervous system (CNS) to adequately reflect its activity. Since cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) bathes the brain and spinal cord,76a-c this fluid was chosen for investigational analysis.49a

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Akil, H., Watson, S. J., Sullivan, S., Barchas, J. D.: Enkephalin-like material in normal human CSF: Measurement and levels. Life Sci. 23: 121–126, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Alexander, L.: Differential diagnosis between psychogenic and physical pain: The conditional psychogalvanic reflex as an aid. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 181: 855–861, 1962.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Almay, B. G. L., Johansson, F., Von Knorring, L., Terenius, L., Wahlström, A.: Endorphins in chronic pain. I. Differences in CSF endorphin levels between organic and psychogenic pain syndromes. Pain5: 153–162, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Almay, B. G. L., Johansson, F., Von Knorring, L., Sedvall, G., Terenius, L.: Relationships between CSF levels of endorphins and monoamine metabolites in chronic pain patients. Psychopharmacologia67: 139–142, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Angst, J., Autenrieth, V., Brem, F., Koukkou, M., Meyer, H., Stassen, H. H., Storck, U.: Preliminary results of treatment with β-endorphin in depression. In Usdin, E., Bunney, W. E., Kline, N. S. (eds.): Endorphins in Mental Health Research. London, Macmillan, 1979, pp. 518–528.

    Google Scholar 

  6. ÅSBERG, M., Thorén, P., Träskman, L., Bertilsson, L., Ringberger, V.: “Serotonin depression”—a biochemical subgroup within the affective disorders? Science. 191: 478–480, 1976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Bloom, F. E., Segal, D. S.: Endorphins in cerebrospinal fluid. In Wood, J. H. (ed): Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 1. New York, Plenum Press, 1980, pp. 651–664.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  8. Buchsbaum, M.: Neural events and the psychophysical law. Science172: 502, 1971.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Buchsbaum, M.: Self-regulation of stimulus intensity: Augmenting/reducing and the averaged evoked response. In Schwartz, G., Sapiro, D. (eds.): Consciousness and Self-Regulation. Vol. 1, 1976, pp. 101–135.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Buchsbaum, M. S., Davis, G. C., Bunney, W. E., Jr.: Naloxone alters pain perception and somatosensory evoked potentials in normal subjects. Nature (London)270: 620–622, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Buchsbaum, M. S., Silverman, J.: Stimulus intensity control and the control evoked response. Psychosom. Med. 30: 12–22, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Davis, G. C., Bunney, W. E., Jr., De Fraites, E. G.: Intravenous naloxone administration in schizophrenia and affective illness. Science197: 74–77, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Davis, G. C., Buchsbaum, M. S., Bunney, W. E., Jr.: Analgesia to painful stimuli in affective illness. Am. J. Psychiatry136: 1148–1151, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Davis, G. C., Buchsbaum, M. S., Bunney, W. E., Jr.: Naloxone decreases diurnal variation in pain sensitivity and somatosensory evoked potentials. Life Sci. 23: 1449–1460, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Davis, G. C., Buchsbaum, M. S., van Kammen, D. P., Bunney, W. E., Jr.: Analgesia to pain stimuli in schizophrenics and its reversal by naltrexone, Psychiatry Res. 1: 61–69, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. De Wied, D., Kovacs, G., Bohus, B., van Ree, J., Greven, H.: Neuroleptic activity of the neuropeptide β-LPH2-77 [(Des-Tyr1)α-endorphin; DTαE]. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 49:427-436, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Doggett, N. W., Reno, H., Spencer, P. S. J.: Narcotic agonists and antagonists as models for potential antidepressant drugs. Neuropharmacology14: 507–515, 1975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Elde, R., HöKFELT, T., Johansson, O., Terenius, L.: Immunohistochemical studies using antibodies to leucine-enkephalin: Initial observations on the nervous system of the rat. Neuroscience1: 349–351, 1976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. El-Sobky, A., Dostrovsky, J. O., Wall, P. D.: Lack of effect of naloxone on pain perception in humans. Nature(London)263: 783–784, 1976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Engel, G. L.: “Psychogenic” pain and the pain prone patient. Am. J. Med. 26: 899–918, 1959.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Fields, H. L., Basbaum, A. I.: Brainstem control of spinal brain transmission neurons. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 40: 217–248, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Fink, M., Simeon, J., Itil, T. M., Freedman, A. M.: Clinical antidepressant activity of cyclazocine, a narcotic antagonist. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 11: 41–48, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Forrest, W. H., Jr., Beer, E. G., Bellville, J. W., Ciliberti, B. J., Miller, E. V., Paddock, R.: Analgesic and other effects of the d-and l-isomers of pentazocine. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 10: 468–476, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Freud, S.: Mourning and Melancholia: Complete Psychological Works std. ed., Vol. 14. London, Hogarth Press, 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Goldstein, A., Tachibana, S., Lowney, L. I., Hunkapiller, M., Hood, L.: Dynorphin-(l-13), an extraordinarily potent opioid peptide, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76: 6666–6670, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Gunne, L.-M., LINDSTRöM, L., Terenius, L.: Nalox-one-induced reversal of schizophrenic hallucinations. J. Neural Transm. 40: 13–19, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Hall, K. R. L., Stride, E.: The varying response to pain in psychiatric disorders: A study in abnormal psychology. Br. J. Med. Psychol. 27: 48–60, 1954.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Hemphill, R. E., Hall, K. R. L., Crookes, T. G.: A preliminary report on fatigue and pain tolerance in depressive and psychoneurotic patients. J. Ment. Sci. 98: 433–440, 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Hetta, J., Terenius, L.: Prenatal naloxone affects survival and morphine sensitivity of rat offspring. Neurosci. Lett. 16: 323–327, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. HöKFELT, T., Elde, R., Johansson, O., TERENIUS, L, Stein, L.: The distribution of enkephalin-immuno-reactive cell bodies in the rat central nervous system. Neurosci. Lett. 5: 25–31, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. HöKFELT, T., LJUNGDAHL, å., Terenius, L., Elde, R., Nilsson, G.: Immunohistochemical analysis of peptide pathways possibly related to pain and analgesia: Enkephalin and substance P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74: 3081–3085, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Hosobuchi, Y., Bloom, F. E.: Analgesic brain stimulation in man: Its effects on release of β-endorphin and adrenocorticotropin into cerebrospinal fluid. In Wood, J. H. (ed.): Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 2, New York, Plenum Press, 1983, Chapter 7.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Hong, J., Yang, H., Fratta, W. Costa, E.: Rat striatal methionine enkephalin content after chronic treatment with cataleptogenic and noncataleptogenic antischizophrenic drugs. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 205: 141–147, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Hughes, J., Smith, T. W., Kosterlitz, H. W., Fothergill, L. A., Morgan, B. A., Morris, H. R.: Identification of two related pentapeptides from the brain with potent opiate agonist activity. Nature(London)258: 577–580, 1975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Jasinski, D. R., Martin, W. R., Sapira, J. D.: Antagonism of the subjective, behavioral, pupillary, and respiratory effects of cyclazocine by naloxone. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 9: 215–222, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Jeffcoate, W. J., Rees, L. H., Mcloughlin, L., Hope, J., Ratter, S. J., Lowry, P. J., Besser, G. M.: β-En-dorphin in human cerebrospinal fluid. Lancet2: 119–121, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Johansson, F., Almay, B. G. L., Von Knorring, L., Terenius, L., åSTRöM, M.: Personality traits in chronic pain patients related to endorphin levels in CSF. Psychiatry Res. 1: 231–239, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Johansson, F., Von Knorring, L., Sedvall, G., Terenius, L.: Changes in endorphins and 5-HIAA in CSF as a result of treatment with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (Zimelidine) in chronic pain patients. Psychiatry Res. 2: 167–172, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. J0rgenson, A., Fog, R., Veilis, B.: Synthetic enkephalin analogue in treatment of schizophrenia. Lancet1: 935, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Kangawa, K., Matsuo, H.: α-Neo-endorphin: A big leu-enkephalin with potent opiate activity from porcine hypothalami. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 86: 153–160, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. King, R. B.: Pain and tryptophan. J. Neurosurg. 53: 44–52, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Kline, N., Li, C. H., Lehmann, H., Lajtha, A., Laski, E., Cooper, T.: β-Endorphin-induced changes in schizophrenic and depressed patients. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 34: 1111–1113, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Kline, N. S., Lehmann, H. E.: β-Endorphin therapy in psychiatric patients. In Usdin, E., Bunney, W. E., Kline, N. D. (eds): Endorphins in Mental Health Research. London, Macmillan, 1979, pp. 500–517.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Lasagna, L., Beecher, H. K.: The analgesic effectiveness of nalorphine and nalorphine-morphine combinations in man. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 112: 356–363, 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Lascelles, P. T., Evans, P. R., Merskey, H., Sabur, M. A.: Plasma Cortisol in psychiatric and neurological patients with pain. Brain97: 533–538, 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Le Shan, L.: The world of the patient in severe pain of long duration. J. Chron. Dis. 17: 119–126, 1964.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Lindström, L. H., Widerlöw, E., Gunne, L.-M., Wahlström, A., Terenius, L.: Endorphins in human cerebrospinal fluid, clinical correlations to some psychotic states. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 57: 153–164, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Lindström, L. H., Besev, G., Gunne, L.-M., Sjöström, R., Terenius, L., WAHLSTRöM, A., Wistedt, B.: Cerebrospinal fluid content of endorphins in schizophrenia. In Shah, N. S., Donald, A. G. (eds.): Endorphins and Opiate Antagonists in Psychiatry. New York, Plenum Press, 1982, pp. 245–256.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  49. Melzack, R., Scott, T. H.: The effects of early experience on the response to pain. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol50: 155–161, 1957.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Merskey, H.: The effect of chronic pain upon the response to noxious stimuli by psychiatric patients. J. Psychosom. Res. 9: 291–298, 1965.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Merskey, H., Spear, F. G. (eds.): Pain, Psychological and Psychiatric Aspects. London, Ballière, Tindall & Cassell, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Messing, R. B. Lytle, L. D.: Serotonin-containing neurons: Their possible role in pain and analgesia. Pain4: 1–21, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Petrie, A. (ed.): Individuality in Pain and Suffering. University of Chicago Press, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Post, R. M., Gold, P., Rubinow, D. R., Ballenger, J. C., Bunney, W. E., Goodwin, F. K.: Peptides in the cerebrospinal fluid of neuropsychiatric patients: An approach to central nervous system peptide function. Life Sci. 31: 1–15, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Rimón, R., Terenius, L., Kampman, R.: Cerebrospinal fluid endorphins in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  56. Sarne, Y., Azov, R., Weissman, B. A.: A stable enkephalin-like immunoreactive substance in human CSF. Brain Res. 151: 399–403, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Sedvall, G., FYRö, B., Gullberg, B., NYBäCK, H., Wiesel, F.-A., Wode-Helgodt, B.: Relationship in healthy volunteers between concentrations of monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid and family history of psychiatric morbidity. Br. J. Psychiatry136: 366–374, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Shenkin, H. A.: The effect of pain on the diurnal pattern of plasma corticoid levels. Neurology14: 1112–1117, 1964.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Sicuteri, F., Anselmi, B., Curradi, C., Michelacci, S., Sassi, A.: Morphine-like factors in CSF of headache patients. Adv. Biochem. Psychopharmacol. 18: 363–366, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Sjölund, B. H., Eriksson, M. B. E.: The Influence of naloxone on analgesia produced by peripheral conditioning stimulation. Brain Res. 173: 295–301, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Sjölund, B., Terenius, L., Eriksson, M.: Increased cerebrospinal fluid levels of endorphins after electroacupuncture. Acta Physiol. Scand. 100: 382–384, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Stengel, E. (ed.): Pain and the Psychiatrist, Vol. 243. London, Medical Press, 1960, pp. 28–30.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Sternbach, R. A. (ed.): Pain Patients: Traits and Treatment. New York, Academic Press, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Szasz, T. S. (ed.): Pain and Pleasure: A Study of Bodily Feelings. London, Tavistock, 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Tamsen, A., Hartvig, P., DAHLSTRöM, B., WAHLSTRöM, A., Terenius, L.: Endorphins and ondemand pain relief. Lancet1: 769–770, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Terenius, L.: A rapid assay for the narcotic receptor in rat brain: Application to methadone analogues. Acta Pharmacol. (Copenhagen)34: 88–91, 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Terenius, L.: Endogenous peptides and analgesia. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 18: 189–204, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Terenius, L.: The implications of endorphins in pathological states. In Van Ree, J. M., Terenius, L. (eds.): Characteristics and Function of Opioids. Amsterdam, Elsevier/North-Holland, 1978, pp. 143–158.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Terenius, L., Wahlström H, Morphine-like ligand for opiate receptors in human CSF. Life Sci. 16: 1759–1764, 1975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Terenius, L., Wahlström, A.: Search for an endogenous ligand for the opiate receptor. Acta Physiol. Scand. 94: 74–81, 1975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Terenius, L., Wahlström, A., Lindström, L., WIDERLöW, E.: Increased CSF levels of endorphins in chronic psychosis. Neurosci. Lett. 3: 157–162, 1976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Terenius, L., Wahlström, A., ÅGren, H.: Naloxone (Narcan) treatent in depression: Clinical observations and effects on CSF endorphins and monoamine metabolites. Psychopharmacologia54: 31–33, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Verhoeven, W., Van Praag, H., Van Ree, J., De Wied, D.: Improvement of schizophrenic patients treated with (des-tyr1)-α-endorphin (DTαE). Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 36: 294–298, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. von Knorring, L.: The experience of pain in patients with depressive disorders: A clinical and experimental study. Umeå University Medical Dissertations, New Series, No. 2, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  75. von Knorring, L.: Visual evoked responses and platelet monoamine oxidase in patients suffering from alcoholism. Read at the Fourth Biennal International Symposium on Biological Research in Alcoholics, Zurich, June 25–30, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  76. von Knorring, L., Almay, B. G. L., Johansson, F., Terenius, L.: Pain perception and endorphin levels in cerebrospinal fluid. Pain 5: 359–365, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. von Knorring, L., Jacobsson, L., Perris, C., Perris, H.: Reactivity to incoming stimuli and the experience of life-events. Neuropsychobiology 6: 297–303, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. von Knorring, L., Johansson, F., Almay, B. G. L.: The augmenter/reducer tendency in V.E.P. in patients with chronic pain syndromes. Adv. Biol. Psychiatry. 4: 55–62, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  79. von Knorring, L., Monakhov, K., Perris, C.: Augmenting-reducing: An adaptive switch mechanism to cope with incoming signals in healthy subjects and psychiatric patients. Neuropsychobiology 4: 150–179, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Wahlström, A., Terenius, L.: Chemical characteristics of endorphins in human cerebrospinal fluid. FEBS Letters118: 241–244, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Watson, S. J., Barchas, J. D., Li, C. H.: β-Lipotro-pin: Localization of cells and axons in rat brain by immunocytochemistry. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74: 5155–5158, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Wood, J. H.: Physiology, pharmacology and dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid. In Wood, J. H. (ed.): Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 1. New York, Plenum Press, 1980, pp. 1–16.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  83. Wood, J. H.: Physiological neurochemistry of cerebrospinal fluid. In Lajtha, A. (ed.): Handbook of Neurochemistry, Vol 1, 2nd ed. New York, Plenum Press, 1982, pp. 417–487.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Wood, J. H.: Neuroendocrinology of cerebrospinal fluid: Peptides, steroids and other hormones. Neurosurgery11: 293–305, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Zieglgänsberger, W., Tulloch, F. F.: The effects of methionine-and leucine-enkephalin on spinal neurones of the cat. Brain Res. 167: 53–64, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Zuckerman, M., Martaugh, R., Siegel, J.: Sensation seeking and cortical augmenting/reducing. Psychophysiology11: 535–543, 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Umeå, S-90185, Umeå, Sweden

    Lars von Knorring M.D.

  2. Department of Pharmacology, University of Uppsala, S-75123, Uppsala, Sweden

    Lars Terenius M.D. & Agneta Wahlström Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Lars von Knorring M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lars Terenius M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Agneta Wahlström Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    James H. Wood M D

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1983 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

von Knorring, L., Terenius, L., Wahlström, A. (1983). Fraction I Endorphin in Cerebrospinal Fluid Clinical Studies. In: Wood, J.H. (eds) Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid 2. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9269-3_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9269-3_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-9271-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-9269-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation