Skip to main content

Chronic Alcohol Drinking and Subsequent Withdrawal in Rats Exposed to Different Diurnal Distributions of Schedule-Induction Sessions

  • Chapter
Alcohol Intoxication and Withdrawal—IIIb

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 85B))

Abstract

Eight rats drank large amounts of 6.25% alcohol as a consequence of daily exposure to 6 hours of schedule-induction sessions in “which a small food pellet was delivered every 90 sec. Rats having a 1-hr session every 4 hr showed slightly more withdrawal distress than rats having a 6-hr session every 24 hr. More significant may have been two different kinds of indication of possible loss of control over drinking by the inducing schedule. Rats experiencing six sessions a day did not drink water excessively when it replaced the alcohol solution. Rats experiencing one session a day drank half their total alcohol intake between sessions. If the schedule-induction procedure loses control over alcohol drinking, its chronic application to animals fails as a model of the factors that maintain excessive alcohol use in humans.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Cannon, D. S., Baker, T. B., Berman, R. F., and Atkinson, C. A. A rapid technique for producing ethanol dependence in the rat. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 2:831–834, 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Falk, J. L. Schedule-induced polydipsia as a function of fixed interval length. J. Exp. Anal. Behav., 9:37–39, 1966.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Falk, J. L., and Samson, H. H. Schedule-induced physical dependence on ethanol. Pharmacol. Rev., 27: 449–464, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Falk, J. L., Samson, H. H., and Tang, M. Chronic ingestion techniques for the production of physical dependence on ethanol. In M. M. Gross (Ed.) Alcohol Intoxication and Withdrawal: Experimental Studies, pp. 197–211. New York, Plenum Press, 1973.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Falk, J. L., Samson, H. H., and Winger, G. Behavioral maintenance of high levels of blood ethanol and physical dependence in the rat. Science, 177:811–813, 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Falk, J. L., Samson, H. H., and Winger, G. Polydipsia-induced alcohol dependency in rats. Science, 192: 492, 1976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, R. M. Effects of ethanol on adjunctive drinking and barpressing under various schedules of reinforcement. Bull. Psychon. Soc., 1:l61-164, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, R. M. Schedule-induced ethanol polydipsia in rats with restricted fluid availability. Psychopharmacologia, 38:151–157, 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, R. M. Schedule-induced self-administration of drugs. In D. E. Blackman and D. J. Sanger (Eds.) Contemporary Research in Behavioural Pharmacology, London, Plenum Press, in press, 1976a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, R. M. Dose division and debility in the production of ethanol withdrawal signs. Addiction Research Foundation (Substudy No. 753), 1976b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, D. B. Quantitative study of alcohol withdrawal signs in mice. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 215:218–223, 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins, T. D., Schrot, J. F., Githens, S. H., and Everett, P. B. Schedule-induced polydipsia: an analysis of water and alcohol ingestion. In R. M. Gilbert and J. D. Keehn (Eds.) Schedule Effects: Drugs, Drinking, and Aggression, pp. 95–128. Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heintzelman, M. E., Best, J., and Senter, R.J. Polydipsia-induced alcohol dependency in rats: a reexamination. Science, 191:482–483, 1976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hunter, B. E., Walker, D. W., and Riley, J. N. Dissociation between physical dependence and volitional ethanol consumption: role of multiple withdrawal episodes. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 2:523–529, 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hunter, B. E., Riley, J. IT., Walker, D. W., and Freund, G. Ethanol dependence in the rat: a parametric analysis. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 3:6l9–629, 1975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalant, H. Concluding remarks. In H. D. Cappell and A. E. Le Blanc (Eds.) Biological and Behavioural Approaches to Drug Dependence, pp. 169–174. Toronto, Addiction Research Foundation, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Blanc, A. E., Gibbins, R. J., and Kalant, H. Generalization of behaviorally augmented tolerance to ethanol, and its relation to physical dependence. Psychopharmacologia, 44:241–246, 1975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Majchrowitz, E. Induction of physical dependence upon ethanol and the associated behavioral changes in rats. Psychopharmacologia, 43.:245–254, 1975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McMillan, D. E., Leander, J. D., and Ellis, F. W. Consumption of ethanol and water under schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP). Pharmacologist, l6:303, 1974. (see note at end of ref. list).

    Google Scholar 

  • Meisch, R. A., Henningfield, J. E., and Thompson, T. Establishment of ethanol as a reinforcer for rhesus monkeys via the oral route: initial results. In M. M. Gross (Ed.) Alcohol Intoxication and Withdrawal: Experimental Studies II, pp. 323–342. New York: Plenum Press, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samson, H. H., and Falk, J. L. Alteration of fluid Preference in ethanol-dependence animals. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap., 190: 365–376, 1974a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samson H. H., and Falk, J. L. Ethanol and discriminative motor control: effects on normal and dependent animals. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 2: 791–801, 1974h.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Samson, H. H., and Falk, J. L. Pattern of daily blood ethanol elevation and the development of physical dependence. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 3:1119–1123, 1975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, S. Evidence from rats that morphine tolerance is a learned response. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol., 89:498–506, 1975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, S. Morphine analgesic tolerance: its situation specificity supports a Pavlovian conditioning model. Science, 193: 323–325, 1976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Staddon, J. E. R. Schedule-induced behavior. In W. K. Honig and J. E. R. Staddon (Eds.) Handbook of Operant Behavior, Englewood Cliffs, N. J., Prentice Hall, in press, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallgren, H., and Barry, H., III. Actions of alcohol. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Note:- A more complete report of the study by McMillan, Leander, and Ellis (1974) has just been published. It is

    Google Scholar 

  • McMillan, D. E., Leander, J. D., Ellis, F. W., Lucot, J. B., and Frye, G. D. Characteristics of ethanol drinking patterns under schedule-induced polydipsia. Psychopharmacology, 49: 49–55, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1977 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gilbert, R.M. (1977). Chronic Alcohol Drinking and Subsequent Withdrawal in Rats Exposed to Different Diurnal Distributions of Schedule-Induction Sessions. In: Gross, M.M. (eds) Alcohol Intoxication and Withdrawal—IIIb. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 85B. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9038-5_32

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9038-5_32

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-9040-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-9038-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics