Abstract
Lack of knowledge of the nature of a host response when attacked by a pathogen* is the major factor contributing to the inadequate understanding of disease. In this chapter, evidence is presented to show that whenever the functioning of tissues essential to a tree is affected, regardless of cause, non-specific autonomous processes are triggered: of the three processes described here, two involve restoration of vital lateral meristems, namely, the phellogen and the vascular cambium, and the third, blocking of conductive sap-wood. These processes involve dynamic metabolic and anatomical alterations, and once triggered, occur automatically in pre-existing totipotent cells.
Studies of Periderm, IX. See reference 35 for Part VIII
Part of the research reported here was carried out under a University of British Columbia and Canadian Forestry Service cooperation project while the author was seconded (1967–1973) to Faculty of Forestry, UBC.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adams, J. B., J. W. McAllan., 1958. Pectinase in certain insects. Can. J. Zool. 36: 305–308.
Akai, S., 1959. Histology of defense in plants. In Plant Pathology Vol. I ( J. G. Horsfall, A. E. Dimond, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 392–467.
Allen, P. J., 1959. Physiology and biochemistry of defense. In Plant Pathology Vol. I. ( J. G. Horsfall and A. E. Dimond, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 435–467.
Artschwager, E., 1927. Wound periderm formation in the potato as affected by temperature and humidity. J. Agria. Res. 35: 995–1001.
Balch, R. E., 1952. Studies of the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) and its effects on balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. Can. Dep. Agric. Pubi. 867, 76 pp.
Balch, R. E., J. Clark, and J. M. Bonga., 1964. Hormonal action in production of tumours and compression wood by an aphid. Nature 202: 721–722.
Bloch, R., 1941. Wound healing in higher plants. Bot. Rev. 7: 110–146.
Bloch, R., 1952. Wound healing in higher plants. II. Bot. Rev., 15: 655–679.
Bloch, R., 1953. Defense reactions of plants to the presence of toxins. Phytopathology 43: 351–354.
Carter, W., 1952. Injuries to plants caused by insect toxins. II. Bot. Rev., 18: 680–721.
Carter, W., 1962. Insects in relation to plant disease. Interscience Publishers, New York.
Dessureault, M., T. A. Tattar., 1975. Dye movement associated with discolored wood in red maple. Can. J. For. Res. 5: 330–333.
Doppelreiter, H., 1973. Preliminary observations on exophylactic and necrophylactic periderms in western white pine. B. Sc. F. Thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.
Esau, K., 1965. Plant anatomy. John Wiley, New York.
Fahn, A., 1967. Plant anatomy. Pergamon Press, New York.
Forbes, A. R., D. B. Mullick., 1970. The stylets of the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Homoptera: Adelgidae). Can. Entomol., 102: 1074–1082.
Hare, R. C., 1966. Physiology of resistance to fungal diseases in plants. Bot. Rev. 32: 95–137.
Kozlowski, T. T., 1973. Shedding of plant parts. Academic Press, New York.
Lipetz, J., 1970. Wound healing in higher plants. Int. Rev. Cytol. 27: 1–28.
McMullen, L. H., J. P. Skovsgaard., 1972. Seasonal history of the balsam woolly aphid in coastal British Columbia. J. Entomol. Soc. B.C. 69: 33–40.
Miles, P. W., 1968. Insect secretion in plants. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 6: 137–316.
Mitchell, R. G., 1967. Translocation of dye in grand and subalpine firs infested by the balsam woolly aphid. U. S. For. Serv. Res. Note PNW-46.
Mullick, D. B., 1969a. Reddish-purple pigments in the secondary periderm tissues of western North American conifers (studies of periderm I). Phytochemistry 8: 2205–2211.
Mullick, D. B., 1969b. Anthocyanidins in secondary periderm tissue of amabilis fir, grand fir, western hemlock, and western red-cedar (studies on periderm II). Can. J. Bot. 47: 1419–1422.
Mullick, D. B., 1969c. Thin-layer chromatography of anthocyanidins, I. J. Chromatogr. 39: 291–301.
Mullick, D. B., 1969d. New tests of microscale identification of anthocyanidins on thin-layer chromatograms. Phytochemistry 8: 2003–2008.
Mullick, D. B., 1971. Natural pigment differences distinguish first and sequent periderms through a cryofixation and chemical techniques (studies of periderm, III). Can. J. Bot. 49: 1703–1711.
Mullick, D. B., 1975. A new tissue in the bark of four conifers and its relationship to the origin of necro- phylactic periderms (studies of periderm, VI). Can. J. Bot. 53: 2443–2457.
Mullick, D. B., V. C. Brink., 1970. A method for exposing aleurone tissue of barley for colour classification. Can. J. Plant Sci. 50: 551–558.
Mullick, D. B., G. D. Jensen., 1973a. Cryofixation reveals uniqueness of reddish-purple sequent periderm and equivalence between brown first and brown sequent periderms of three conifers (studies of periderm, IV). Can. J. Bot. 51: 135–143.
Mullick, D. B., G. D. Jensen., 1973b. New concepts and terminology of coniferous periderms: Necrophylactic and exophylactic periderms (studies of periderm, V). Can. J. Bot. 51: 1459–1470.
Mullick, D. B., G. D. Jensen., 1976. Rates of non-suberized impervious tissues development after wounding at different times of the year in three conifer species (studies of periderm, VII). Can. J. Bot. 54: 881–892.
Oechssler, G., 1962. Studien über die saugehäden mitteleuropäischer tannenläuse im gewebe einheimischer und ausländischer tannen. Z. Angew. Entomol. 504: 408–454.
Puritch, G. S., 1976. Personal communication.
Puritch, G. S., D. B. Mullick., 1975. Effect of water stress on the rate of non-suberized impervious tissue (NIT) formation following wounding in Abies grandis (studies of periderm, VIII). J. Exp. Bot. 24: 903–910.
Rahe, J. W., R. M. Arnold., 1975. Injury-related phaseollin accumulation in Phaseolus vulgaris and its implications with regard to specificity of host-parasite interaction. Can. J. Bot. 53: 921–928.
Reid, R. W., H. S. Whitney, J. A. Watson., 1967. Reactions of lodgepole pine to attack by Dendroetonus ponderosae Hopkins and blue stain fungi. Can. J. Bot. 45: 1115–1126.
Saigo, R. H., 1969. Anatomical changes in the secondary phloem of grand fir (Abies grandis (Doug.) Lindl.), induced by the balsam woolly aphid (Adelges piceae Ratz.). Ph.D. Thesis, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.
Schellenberg, B. D., 1974. Extension of necrophylactic and exophylactic periderm terminology to Sitka spruce. B.Sc.F. Thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.
Shain, L., 1971. The response of sapwood of Norway spruce to infection by Fomes annosus. Phytopathology 61: 301–307.
Shaw, M., 1972. Physiology of rust resistance. In Biology of Rust Resistance in Forest Trees. Proc. Nato-IUFRO Advanced Study Institute, p. 87–95.
Shigo, Alex L., W. E. Hillis., 1973. Heartwood, discolored wood, microorganisms in living trees. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 11: 197–222.
Shigo, Alex L., E. M. Sharon., 1970. Mapping columns of discolored and decayed tissues in sugar maple, Acer saocharum. Phytopathology 60: 232–237.
Soc, B., 1977. The occurrence of non-suberized impervious tissues in woody plants. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. (in preparation).
Srivastava, L. M., 1964. Anatomy, chemistry and physiology of bark. Int. Rev. For. Res., 1: 203–277.
Treshow, M., 1970. Environment and plant response. McGraw Hill, New York.
Van der Plank, J. E., 1975. Principles of plant infection. Academic Press, New York.
Wood, R. K. S., 1967. Physiological plant pathology. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1977 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mullick, D.B. (1977). The Non-Specific Nature of Defense in Bark and Wood During Wounding, Insect and Pathogen Attack. In: Loewus, F.A., Runeckles, V.C. (eds) The Structure, Biosynthesis, and Degradation of Wood. Recent Advances in Phytochemistry, vol 11. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8873-3_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8873-3_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-8875-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-8873-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive