Abstract
The chemical industry in the United States has spent millions of dollars in the development of insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides, herbicides, and soil fumigants. These agricultural chemicals have been largely responsible both for increased yields and for the high quality of fruits and vegetables produced for both fresh market and processing. These commodities have also been free of insects and insect parts, by virtue of applied insecticides. Due to the diligence and compliance of both the chemical manufacturer and the farmer, these foods have been free of chemical residues. The amount of time, money, and energy involved in having a new pesticide accepted for use by the Pesticide Division of the U. S. Department of Agriculture and acceptable to the U. S. Food and Drug Administration, with or without a tolerance, is of course a matter of history. However, a number of years of testing are required by chemists, entomologists, toxicologists, horticulturists, and food technologists before an agricultural pesticide is acceptable for registration.
The common names of all pesticide chemicals in this review with their appropriate chemical names are given in Table I.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bailey, J. S., W. S. Esselen, Jr., and E. H. Wheeler: Off-flavors in peaches sprayed with benzene hexachloride. J. Econ. Entomol. 42, 774 (1949).
Beyer, W. W., and K. G. Weckel: The effect of fungicide and insecticide spray treatments on the physico-chemical properties of fresh and processed Montmorency cherries. Diss. Abstr. Univ. Wise., L. C. Card No. Mic. 60, 3172 (1960).
Birdsall, John, K. G. Weckel, and R. K. Chapman: Insecticides can hurt vegetable flavor. Food Packer, Oct. 9 (1956).
Boswell, V. R.: Effects of insecticides on flavor and quality of food products. J. Econ. Entomol. 48, 495 (1955).
Brittin, W. A., and J. D. Fairing: Report on insecticides in canned foods. J. Assoc. Official Agr. Chemists, 33, 599 (1950).
Chandler, S. C.: Chlordan and benzene hexachloride for control of plum curculio on peach. J. Econ. Entomol. 42, 514 (1949).
Davis, Lyle L.: Benzene hexachloride in processed peaches. Food Packer, July (1949).
Fisher, Vernon Jacob: The effects of various foliar sprays on the size and composition of the fruit and on the rate of respiration of the leaves of the red cherry. Diss. (Publ. 1760 ), Midi. State Col. (1950).
Foster, A. C.: How toxic to plants are some of the new insecticides. Agr. Chem. 5, 37 (1950).
Gilpin, Gladys L., Albert B. Parks, and Howard Reynolds: Flavor of selected vegetables grown in pesticide-contaminated soils. J. Agr. Food Chem. 5, 44 (1957).
Gould, W. A., J. P. Sleesman, R. W. Rings, Margaret Lynn, Fred Krantz, Jr., and H. D. Brown: Flavor evaluations of canned fruits and vegetables treated with newer organic insecticides. Food Tech. 5, 129 (1951).
Greenwood, Mary L., and Jean Marie Tice: Palatability tests on potatoes grown in soil treated with the insecticides benzene hexachloride, chlordane, and chlorinated camphene. J. Agr. Research 78, 477 (1949).
Hard, M. M., and Edward Ross: Effect of malathion on flavor of certain fruits and vegetables. J. Agr. Food Chem. 2, 20 (1954).
Harrison, S., and L. W. Elder: Some applications of statistics to laboratory taste testing. Food Tech. 4, 434 (1950).
Hening, J. C., A. C. Davis, and W. B. Robinson: Flavor and color evaluation of canning crops grown in soil treated with insecticides. Food Tech. 8, 227 (1954).
Hinreiner, Elly, and Marion Simone: Effect of soil insecticides on flavor of vegetable crops. Hilgardia 26, 76 (1956a).
Hinreiner, Elly, Effects of acaricides on flavor of almonds and canned fruits. Hilgardia 26, 35 (1956b).
Jameson, H. R., and C. C. Tanner: Taint in potatoes grown on land treated with crude benzene hexachloride against wireworms. J. Sci. Food Agr. 2, 171 (1951).
Johnston, M. R.: Lindane residue in cucumber fermentation. Food Res. 22, 331 (1957).
Kirkpatrick, M. E., J. L. Brogdon, and R. H. Mathews: Flavor of cantaloupes as affected by treatment with lindane. J. Agric. and Food Chem. 8, 57 (1960).
Kirkpatrick, M. E., G. S. Linton, B. M. Mountjoy, and L. C. Albright: Flavor of Sebago potatoes grown in soil treated with chlordan, heptachlor, dieldrin, aldrin, or endrin. J. Agr. Food Chem. 3, 409 (1955).
Kirkpatrick, M. E., Beatrice M. Mountjoy, Linda C. Albright, F. W. Poos, and C. A. Weigel: Flavor and odor of cooked potatoes as affected by the use of lindane and benzene hexachloride as insecticides. Amer. Pot. J. 28, 792 (1951).
Kramer, A.: A quick, rank test for significance of differences in multiple comparisons. Food Tech. 10, 391 (1956).
Kramer, A., and L. P. Ditman: A simplified variables taste panel method for detecting flavor changes in vegetables treated with pesticides. Food Tech. 10, 155 (1956).
Kramer, A., E. F. Murphy, A. M. Briant, M. Wang, and M. E. Kirkpatrick: Pesticides and food flavor, studies in taste panel methodology. J. Agr. and Food Chem. 9, 224 (1961).
Lockhart, Ernest E.: Binomial systems and organoleptic analysis. Food Tech. 5, 428 (1951).
Maclinn, W. A., J. P. Reed, and J. C. Campbell: Flavor of potatoes as influenced by organic insecticides. Amer. Pot. J. 27, 207 (1950).
Mahoney, C. H., H. L. Stier, and E. A. Crosby: Evaluating flavor differences in canned foods. II. Fundamentals of the simplified procedure. Food Tech. 11, 37 (1957).
McArdle, F. J., A. N. Maretzki, R. C. Wiley, and M. C. Modrey: Pesticides and food flavor, influence of herbicides on flavor of processed fruits and vegetables. J. Agr. Food Chem. 9, 228 (1961).
Murphy, E. F., A. M. Briant, M. L. Dodds, I. S. Fagerson, M. E. Kirkpatrick, and R. C. Wiley: Pesticides and food flavor, effect of insecticides and fungicides on the flavor quality of fruits and vegetables. J. Agr. Food Chem. 9, 214 (1961).
Peraym, David R., and VeNona W. Swartz: Measurement of sensory differences. Food Tech. 4, 390 (1950).
Poos, F. W., T. N. Dobbins, E. T. Batten, and C. M. Boush: Tests with benzene hexachloride for the control of insects attacking peanuts, 1946–1949. USD A Bur. Ent. & PL Quar. E-820 (1951).
Reed, John P., and W. A. Maclinn: Unpublished data by correspondence March 26, 1952, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station (1952).
Smith, Clyde F., Ivan D. Jones, and J. A. Rigney: Effect of insecticides on the flavor of peaches - 1948. J. Econ. Entomol. 42, 618 (1949).
Stitt, Loyd L., and James Evanson: Phototoxicity and off-quality of vegetables grown in soil treated with insecticides. J. Econ. Entomol. 42, 614 (1949).
Tichenor, D. A., J. G. Rodriguez, and C. E. Chaplin: Effects of certain pesticides on flavor of frozen strawberries. Food Tech. 13, 587 (1959).
Tressler, Charles: Off-flavor in processed foods from use of insecticides. Exhibit. 1270, 1271. Food and Drug Hearings (1950).
Van Blaricom, L. O.: Outline of testimony presented on the effect of various organic insecticides on the flavor of peaches. Food and Drug Hearings, August 24 (1950).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1962 Springer-Verlag OHG Berlin · Göttingen · Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Mahoney, C.H. (1962). Flavor and quality changes in fruits and vegetables in the United States caused by application of pesticide chemicals. In: Gunther, F.A. (eds) Residue Reviews / Rückstands-Berichte. Residue Reviews / Rückstands-Berichte, vol 1. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8371-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8371-4_2
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-8373-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-8371-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive