Abstract
The mechanisms by which a plant cell may recognise potentially pathogenic microorganisms are discussed by Professor Keen earlier in this Symposium. It is the requirement of this paper to consider the processes which result from recognition and which lead to resistance, a phenomenon usually associated with inhibition of pathogen growth within infected tissues. Inhibition of fungal growth within plant cells is characteristic of the resistance shown by cultivars of a host plant species to different physiological races of host-specific pathogens. This specialization is shown by many obligate fungi, e.g. rusts and mildews, but also by some facultative pathogens, e.g. Phytophthora infestans, Fulvia fulva and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. An important feature common to these pathogens, but also to many fungi which do not show race-specific reactions, is the ability of pathogens to grow biotrophically in susceptible cultivars, while in resistant cultivars, the inhibition of pathogen growth is often associated with the premature death of the infected cells. The significance, if any, of the relationship between infected cell death and resistance of plants to disease has been the subject of several recent reviews (21, 39, 60). In one, Ingram (39) pointed out that although visible expressions of resistance may be similar, the processes responsible for these effects could be very different. In many host-pathogen interactions, detailed knowledge of the events leading to resistance are often lacking and hence any generalisations from one situation to another must be considered very carefully. For this reason, much of my paper will be concerned with experiments pertinent to the mechanisms of resistance shown by Phaseolus vulgaris to the host-specific pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
ALBERSHEIM, P. & VALENT, B.S. (1978). Plants, when exposed to oligosaccharides of fungal origin, defend themselves by accumulating antibiotics. Journal of Cell Biology 78, 627–643
ASADA, Y., OHGUCHI, T. & MATSUMOTO, I. (1979). Induction of lignification in response to fungal infection. In: Recognition and specificity in plant host-parasite interactions, Ed. by J.M. Daly and I. Uritani pp. 99–112, Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo
BAILEY, J.A. (1973). Phaseollin accumulation in Phaseolus vulgaris following infection by fungi, bacteria and a virus. In: Fungal Pathogenicity and the Plant’s Response, Ed. by R.J.W. Byrde and C.V. Cutting, pp. 337–353. Proceedings of the Third Long Ashton Symposium 1971. Academic Press
BAILEY, J.A. (1973). Production of antifungal compounds in cowpea (Vigna sinensis) and pea (Pisum sativum) after virus infection. Journal of General Microbiology 75, 119–123
BAILEY, J.A. (1974). The relationship between symptom expression and phytoalexin concentration in hypocotyls of Phaseolus vulgaris infected with Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Physiological Plant Pathology 4, 477–488
BAILEY, J.A. & BERTHIER, M. (1980). Phytoalexin accumulation in chloroform-treated cotyledons of Phaseolus vulgaris. Phytochemistry in press
BAILEY, J.A. BURDEN, R.S. & VINCENT, G.G. (1975). Capsidiol: an antifungal compound produced in Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana clevelandii following infection with tobacco necrosis virus. Phytochemistry 14, 597
BAILEY, J.A., CARTER, G.A. & SKIPP, R.A. (1976). The use and interpretation of bioassays for fungitoxicity of phytoalexins in agar media. Physiological Plant Pathology 8, 189–194
BAILEY, J.A. & DEVERALL, B.J. (1971). Formation and activity of phaseollin in the interaction between bean hypocotyls (Phaseolus vulgaris) and physiological races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Physiological Plant Pathology 1, 435–449
BAILEY, J.A., & INGHAM, J.L. (1971). Phaseollin accumulation in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in response to infection by tobacco necrosis virus and the rust Uromyces appendiculatus. Physiological Plant Pathology 1, 451–456
BAILEY, J.A. & ROWELL, P.M. (1980). Viability of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in hypersensitive cells of Phaseolus vulgaris. Physiological Plant Pathology in press
BAILEY, J.A., ROWELL, P.M. & ARNOLD, G.M. (1980). The temporal relationship between host cell death, phytoalexin accumulation and fungal inhibition during hypersensitive reactions of Phaseolus vulgaris to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Physiological Plant Pathology in press
BAILEY, J.A. & SKIPP, R.A. (1978). Toxicity of phytoalexins. Annals of Applied Biology 89, 354–358
BRIDGE, M.A. & KLARMAN, W.L. (1973). Soybean phytoalexin, hydroxyphaseollin, induced by ultraviolet irradiation. Phytopathology 63, 606–609
BURDEN, R.S., BAILEY, J.A. & VINCENT, G.G. (1975). Glutinosone, a new antifungal sesquiterpene from Nicotiana glutinosa infected with tobacco mosaic virus. Phytochemistry 14, 221–223
CHEEMA, A.S. & HAARD, N.F. (1978). Induction of rishitin and lubimin in potato tuber discs by non-specific elicitors and the influence of storage conditions. Physiological Plant Pathology 13, 233–240
CLINE, L., WADE, M. & ALBERSHEIM, P. (1978). Host-pathogen interactions. XV. Fungal glucans which elicit phytoalexin accumulation in soybean also elicit the accumulation of phytoalexins in other plants. Plant Physiology 62, 918–921
CRUICKSHANK, I.A.M. (1963). Phytoalexins. Annual Review of Phytopathology 1, 351–374
CRUICKSHANK, I.A.M. & PERRIN, D.R. (1968). The isolation and partial characterisation of Monilicolin A a polypeptide with phaseollin-inducing activity from Monilia fructicola. Life Sciences 7, 449–458
CRUICKSHANK, I.A.M. & PERRIN, D.R. (1971). Studies on phytoalexins. XI. The induction, antimicrobial spectrum and chemical assay of phaseollin. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 70, 209–229
DALY, J.M. (1975). Specific interactions involving hormonal and other changes. In : Specificity in Plant Diseases. Ed. by R.K.S. Wood and A. Graniti, pp. 151–167. Plenum Press
DEVERALL, B.J. (1977). Defence Mechanisms of Plants. Cambridge Monographs in Experimental Biology, Cambridge University Press
DE WIT, P.J.G.M. & ROSEBOOM, P.H.M. (1980). Isolation, partial characterization and specificity of glycoprotein elicitors from culture filtrates, mycelium and cell walls of Cladosporium fulvum (syn. Fulvia fulva). Physiological Plant Pathology 16, 391–408
DOKE, N., SAKAI, S. & TOMIYAMA, K. (1979). Hypersensitive reactivity of various host and non-host plant leaves to cell wall components and soluble glucan isolated from Phytophthora infestans. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan 45, 386–393
DOKE, N. & TOMIYAMA, K. (1977). Effect of high molecular substances released from zoospores of Phytophthora infestans on hypersensitive response of potato tubers. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 90, 236–242
DOKE, N. & TOMIYAMA, K. (1980) Suppression of the hypersensitive response of potato tuber protoplasts to hyphal wall components by water soluble glucans isolated from Phytophthora infestans. Physiological Plant Pathology 16, 177–186
EBEL, J., AYERS, A.R. & ALBERSHEIM, P. (1976). Host-Pathogen Interactions III. Response of suspension-cultured soybean cells to the elicitor isolated from Phytophthora megasperma var. sojae, a fungal pathogen of soybeans. Plant Physiology 57, 775–779
ERB, K., GALLEGLY, M.E. & LEACH, J.G. (1973). Longevity of mycelium of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in hypocotyl tissue of resistant and susceptible bean cultivars. Phytopathology 63, 1334–1335
ERSEK, T., KIRáLY, Z. & DOBROVOLSZKY, A. (1977). Lack of correlation between tissue necrosis and phytoalexin accumulation in tubers of potato cultivars. Journal of Food Safety 1, 77–85
HADWIGER, L.A. & SCHWOCHAU, M.E. (1971). Ultraviolet light-induced formation of pisatin and phenylalanine ammonia lyase. Plant Physiology 47, 588–590
HARDER, D.E., ROHRINGER, R., SAMBORSKI, D.J., RIMMER, S.R., KIM, W.K. & CHONG, J. (1979). Electron microscopy of susceptible and resistant near-isogenic (Sr6/Sr6) lines of wheat infected by Puccinia graminis tritici. II. Expression of incompatibility in mesophyll and epidermal cells and the effect of temperature on host-parasite interactions in these cells. Canadian Journal of Botany 57, 2617–2625
HARDER, D.E., SAMBORSKI, D.J., ROHRINGER, R., RIMMER, S.R., KIM, W.K. & CHONG, J. (1979). Electron microscopy of susceptible and resistant near-isogenic (Sr6/Sr6) lines of wheat infected by Puccinia graminis tritici. III. Ultrastructure of incompatible interactions. Canadian Journal of Botany 57, 2626–2634
HARGREAVES, J.A. (1979). Investigations into the mechanism of mercuric chloride stimulated phytoalexin accumulation in Phaseolus vulgaris and Pisum sativum. Physiological Plant Pathology 15, 279–287
HARGREAVES, J.A. (1981). Stimulation of phytoalexin accumulation in cotyledons of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by Triton (t-octyl phenol polyethoxy ethanol) surfactants. New Phytologist in press
HARGREAVES, J.A. & BAILEY, J.A. (1978). Phytoalexin production by hypocotyls of Phaseolus vulgaris in response to constitutive metabolites released by damaged cells. Physiological Plant Pathology 13, 89–100
HARGREAVES, J.A., MANSFIELD, J.W. & ROSSALL, S. (1977). Changes in phytoalexin concentrations in tissues of the broad bean plant (Vicia faha L.) following inoculation with species of Botrytis. Physiological Plant Pathology 11, 227–242
HARGREAVES, J.A. & SELBY, C. (1978). Phytoalexin formation in cell suspensions of Phaseolus vulgaris in response to an extract of bean hypocotyls. Phytochemistry 17, 1099–1102
HEATH, M.C. (1976). Hypersensitivity, the cause or the consequence of rust resistance? Phytopathology 66, 935–936
INGRAM, D.S. (1978). Cell death and resistance to biotrophs. Annals of Applied Biology 89, 291–295
KAPLAN, D.T., KEEN, N.T. & THOMASON, I.J. (1979). Studies on the mode of action of glyceollin in soybean incompatibility to the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Physiological Plant Pathology 16, 319–325
KEEN, N.T. (1975). Specific elicitors of plant phytoalexin production: Determinants of race specificity in pathogens. Science 187, 74–75
KLARMAN, W.L. & HAMMERSCHLAG, F. (1972). Production of the phytoalexin, hydroxyphaseollin, in soybean leaves inoculated with tobacco necrosis virus. Phytopathology 62, 719–721
LANDES, M. & HOFFMAN, G.M. (1979). Ultrahistological investigations of the interaction in compatible and incompatible systems in Phaseolus vulgaris and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 96, 330–350
LANGCAKE, P., CORNFORD, C.A. & PRYCE, R.J. (1979). Identification of pterostilbene as a phytoalexin from Vitis vinifera leaves. Phytochemistry 18, 1025–1027
MACLEAN, D.J., SARGENT, J.A., TOMMERUP, I.C. & INGRAM, D.S. (1974). Hypersensitivity as the primary event in resistance to fungal parasites. Nature 249, 186–187
MANSFIELD, J.W. & SEXTON, R. (1974). Changes in the localization of β-glycerophosphatase activity during the infection of Phaseolus vulgaris by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Annals of Botany 38, 711–717
MAYAMA, S., REHFELD, D.W. & DALY, J.M. (1975). A comparison of the development of Puccinia graminis in resistant and susceptible wheat based on glucosamine content. Physiological Plant Pathology 7, 243–258
MERCER, P.C., WOOD, R.K.S. & GREENWOOD, R.D. (1974). Resistance to anthracnose of French bean. Physiological Plant Pathology 4, 291–306
MOESTA, P. & GRISEBACH, H. (1980). Effects of biotic and abiotic elicitors on phytoalexin metabolism in soybean. Nature 286, 710–711
MÜLLER, K.O. (1958). Studies on phytoalexins I. The formation and the immunological significance of phytoalexin produced by Phaseolus vulgaris in response to infection with Sclerotinia fructicola and Phytophthora infestans. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 11, 276–300
MÜLLER, K.O. (1959). Hypersensitivity. In: Plant Pathology Vol. I. Ed. by J.G. Horsall and A.E. Dimond, pp. 469–519. Academic Press
PAXTON, J., GOODCHILD, D.J. & CRUICKSHANK, I.A.M. (1974). Phaseollin production by live bean endocarp. Physiological Plant Pathology 4, 167–171
PUEPPKE, S.G. & VAN ETTEN, H.D. (1976). The relation between pisatin and the development of Aphanomyces euteiches in diseased Pisum sativum. Phytopathology 66, 1174–1185
RAHE, J.E. (1973). Occurrence and levels of the phytoalexin phaseollin in relation to delimitation of sites of infection of Phaseolus vulgaris by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Canadian Journal of Botany 51, 2423–2430
RAHE, J.E. (1973). Phytoalexin nature of heat-induced protection against bean anthracnose. Phytopathology 63, 572–577
RAHE, J.E. & ARNOLD, R.M. (1975). Injury-related phaseollin accumulation in Phaseolus vulgaris and its implications with regard to specificity of host-parasite interaction. Canadian Journal of Botany 53, 921–928
RAHE, J.E., KUĆ, J., CHUANG, C.-M. & WILLIAMS, E.B. (1969). Correlation of phenolic metabolism with histological changes in Phaseolus vulgaris inoculated with fungi. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 75, 58–71
RATHMELL, W.G. (1973). Phenolic compounds and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity in relation to phytoalexin biosynthesis in infected hypocotyls of Phaseolus vulgaris. Physiological Plant Pathology 3, 259–267
REILLY, J.J. & KLARMAN, W.L. (1980). Thymine dimer and glyceollin accumulation in u.v.-irradiated soybean suspension cultures. Environmental and Experimental Botany 20, 131–134
SKIPP, R.A. & CARTER, G.A. (1978). Adaptation of fungi to isoflavonoid phytoalexins. Annals of Applied Biology 89, 366–369
SKIPP, R.A. & DEVERALL, B.J. (1972). Relationships between fungal growth and host changes visible by light microscopy during infection of bean hypocotyls (Phaseolus vulgaris) susceptible and resistant to physiological races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Physiological Plant Pathology 2, 357–374
SKIPP, R.A., HARDER, D.E. & SAMBORSKI, D.J. (1974). Electron microscopy studies on infection of resistant (Sr6 gene) and susceptible near-isogenic wheat lines by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Canadian Journal of Botany 52, 2615–2620
SKIPP, R.A. & SAMBORSKI, D.J. (1974). The effect of the Sr6 gene for host resistance on histological events during the development of stem rust in near-isogenic wheat lines. Canadian Journal of Botany 52, 1107–1115
SMITH, I.M. (1978). The role of phytoalexins in resistance. Annals of Applied Biology 82, 325–329
STHOLASUTA, P., BAILEY, J.A., SEVERIN, B. & DEVERALL, B.J. (1971). Effect of bacterial inoculation of bean and pea leaves on the accumulation of phaseollin and pisatin. Physiological Plant Pathology 1, 177–183
STOESSL, A. (1978). Phytoalexins - a biogenetic perspective. Abstracts of 3rd Int. Congress of Plant Pathology, Munich p. 217
TEASDALE, J., DANIELS, D., DAVIS, W.C., EDDY, R. JR. & HADWIGER, L.A. (1974). Physiological and cytological similarities between disease resistance and cellular incompatibility responses. Plant Physiology 54, 690–695
THEODOROU, M.K. & SMITH, I.M. (1979). The implication of a rapid method for the determination of differential interactions in French bean anthracnose. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 96, 1–8
TOMIYAMA, K., DOKE, N., NOZUE, M. & ISHIGURI, Y. (1979). The hypersensitive response of resistant plants. In: Recognition and Specificity in Plant Host-Parasite Interactions, Ed. by J.M. Daly and I. Uritani, pp. 69–84. Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo
TOMIYAMA, K. & FUKAYA, M. (1975). Accumulation of rishitin in dead potato-tuber tissue following treatment with HgCl2. Annals of Phytopathological Society of Japan 41, 418–420
VALENT, B.S. & ALBERSHEIM, P. (1977). Role of elicitors of phytoalexin accumulation in plant disease resistance. In: Host Plant Resistance to Pests, Ed. by P.A. Hedin, pp. 27–34. American Chemical Society Symposium No. 62
VAN ETTEN, H.D. (1979). Relationship between tolerance to isoflavonoid phytoalexins and pathogenicity. In: Recognition and Specificity in Plant Host-Parasite Interactions, Ed. by J.M. Daly and I. Uritani, pp. 301–316. Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo
WARD, E.W.B. & STOESSL, A. (1976). On the question of ‘elicitors’ or ‘inducers’ in incompatible interactions between plants and fungal pathogens. Phytopathology 66, 940–941
WOODWARD, M.D. (1979). New isoflavonoids related to kievitone from Phaseolus vulgaris. Phytochemistry 18, 2007–2010
YOSHIKAWA, M. (1978). Diverse modes of action of biotic and abiotic phytoalexin elicitors. Nature 275, 246–247
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1982 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bailey, J.A. (1982). Physiological and Biochemical Events Associated with the Expression of Resistance to Disease. In: Wood, R.K.S. (eds) Active Defense Mechanisms in Plants. NATO Advanced Study Institutes Series, vol 37. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8309-7_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8309-7_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-8311-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-8309-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive