Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Physiological and Biochemical Events Associated with the Expression of Resistance to Disease

  • Chapter
Active Defense Mechanisms in Plants

Part of the book series: NATO Advanced Study Institutes Series ((NSSA,volume 37))

Abstract

The mechanisms by which a plant cell may recognise potentially pathogenic microorganisms are discussed by Professor Keen earlier in this Symposium. It is the requirement of this paper to consider the processes which result from recognition and which lead to resistance, a phenomenon usually associated with inhibition of pathogen growth within infected tissues. Inhibition of fungal growth within plant cells is characteristic of the resistance shown by cultivars of a host plant species to different physiological races of host-specific pathogens. This specialization is shown by many obligate fungi, e.g. rusts and mildews, but also by some facultative pathogens, e.g. Phytophthora infestans, Fulvia fulva and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. An important feature common to these pathogens, but also to many fungi which do not show race-specific reactions, is the ability of pathogens to grow biotrophically in susceptible cultivars, while in resistant cultivars, the inhibition of pathogen growth is often associated with the premature death of the infected cells. The significance, if any, of the relationship between infected cell death and resistance of plants to disease has been the subject of several recent reviews (21, 39, 60). In one, Ingram (39) pointed out that although visible expressions of resistance may be similar, the processes responsible for these effects could be very different. In many host-pathogen interactions, detailed knowledge of the events leading to resistance are often lacking and hence any generalisations from one situation to another must be considered very carefully. For this reason, much of my paper will be concerned with experiments pertinent to the mechanisms of resistance shown by Phaseolus vulgaris to the host-specific pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. ALBERSHEIM, P. & VALENT, B.S. (1978). Plants, when exposed to oligosaccharides of fungal origin, defend themselves by accumulating antibiotics. Journal of Cell Biology 78, 627–643

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. ASADA, Y., OHGUCHI, T. & MATSUMOTO, I. (1979). Induction of lignification in response to fungal infection. In: Recognition and specificity in plant host-parasite interactions, Ed. by J.M. Daly and I. Uritani pp. 99–112, Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  3. BAILEY, J.A. (1973). Phaseollin accumulation in Phaseolus vulgaris following infection by fungi, bacteria and a virus. In: Fungal Pathogenicity and the Plant’s Response, Ed. by R.J.W. Byrde and C.V. Cutting, pp. 337–353. Proceedings of the Third Long Ashton Symposium 1971. Academic Press

    Google Scholar 

  4. BAILEY, J.A. (1973). Production of antifungal compounds in cowpea (Vigna sinensis) and pea (Pisum sativum) after virus infection. Journal of General Microbiology 75, 119–123

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. BAILEY, J.A. (1974). The relationship between symptom expression and phytoalexin concentration in hypocotyls of Phaseolus vulgaris infected with Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Physiological Plant Pathology 4, 477–488

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. BAILEY, J.A. & BERTHIER, M. (1980). Phytoalexin accumulation in chloroform-treated cotyledons of Phaseolus vulgaris. Phytochemistry in press

    Google Scholar 

  7. BAILEY, J.A. BURDEN, R.S. & VINCENT, G.G. (1975). Capsidiol: an antifungal compound produced in Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana clevelandii following infection with tobacco necrosis virus. Phytochemistry 14, 597

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. BAILEY, J.A., CARTER, G.A. & SKIPP, R.A. (1976). The use and interpretation of bioassays for fungitoxicity of phytoalexins in agar media. Physiological Plant Pathology 8, 189–194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. BAILEY, J.A. & DEVERALL, B.J. (1971). Formation and activity of phaseollin in the interaction between bean hypocotyls (Phaseolus vulgaris) and physiological races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Physiological Plant Pathology 1, 435–449

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. BAILEY, J.A., & INGHAM, J.L. (1971). Phaseollin accumulation in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in response to infection by tobacco necrosis virus and the rust Uromyces appendiculatus. Physiological Plant Pathology 1, 451–456

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. BAILEY, J.A. & ROWELL, P.M. (1980). Viability of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in hypersensitive cells of Phaseolus vulgaris. Physiological Plant Pathology in press

    Google Scholar 

  12. BAILEY, J.A., ROWELL, P.M. & ARNOLD, G.M. (1980). The temporal relationship between host cell death, phytoalexin accumulation and fungal inhibition during hypersensitive reactions of Phaseolus vulgaris to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Physiological Plant Pathology in press

    Google Scholar 

  13. BAILEY, J.A. & SKIPP, R.A. (1978). Toxicity of phytoalexins. Annals of Applied Biology 89, 354–358

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. BRIDGE, M.A. & KLARMAN, W.L. (1973). Soybean phytoalexin, hydroxyphaseollin, induced by ultraviolet irradiation. Phytopathology 63, 606–609

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. BURDEN, R.S., BAILEY, J.A. & VINCENT, G.G. (1975). Glutinosone, a new antifungal sesquiterpene from Nicotiana glutinosa infected with tobacco mosaic virus. Phytochemistry 14, 221–223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. CHEEMA, A.S. & HAARD, N.F. (1978). Induction of rishitin and lubimin in potato tuber discs by non-specific elicitors and the influence of storage conditions. Physiological Plant Pathology 13, 233–240

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. CLINE, L., WADE, M. & ALBERSHEIM, P. (1978). Host-pathogen interactions. XV. Fungal glucans which elicit phytoalexin accumulation in soybean also elicit the accumulation of phytoalexins in other plants. Plant Physiology 62, 918–921

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. CRUICKSHANK, I.A.M. (1963). Phytoalexins. Annual Review of Phytopathology 1, 351–374

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. CRUICKSHANK, I.A.M. & PERRIN, D.R. (1968). The isolation and partial characterisation of Monilicolin A a polypeptide with phaseollin-inducing activity from Monilia fructicola. Life Sciences 7, 449–458

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. CRUICKSHANK, I.A.M. & PERRIN, D.R. (1971). Studies on phytoalexins. XI. The induction, antimicrobial spectrum and chemical assay of phaseollin. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 70, 209–229

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. DALY, J.M. (1975). Specific interactions involving hormonal and other changes. In : Specificity in Plant Diseases. Ed. by R.K.S. Wood and A. Graniti, pp. 151–167. Plenum Press

    Google Scholar 

  22. DEVERALL, B.J. (1977). Defence Mechanisms of Plants. Cambridge Monographs in Experimental Biology, Cambridge University Press

    Book  Google Scholar 

  23. DE WIT, P.J.G.M. & ROSEBOOM, P.H.M. (1980). Isolation, partial characterization and specificity of glycoprotein elicitors from culture filtrates, mycelium and cell walls of Cladosporium fulvum (syn. Fulvia fulva). Physiological Plant Pathology 16, 391–408

    Google Scholar 

  24. DOKE, N., SAKAI, S. & TOMIYAMA, K. (1979). Hypersensitive reactivity of various host and non-host plant leaves to cell wall components and soluble glucan isolated from Phytophthora infestans. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan 45, 386–393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. DOKE, N. & TOMIYAMA, K. (1977). Effect of high molecular substances released from zoospores of Phytophthora infestans on hypersensitive response of potato tubers. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 90, 236–242

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. DOKE, N. & TOMIYAMA, K. (1980) Suppression of the hypersensitive response of potato tuber protoplasts to hyphal wall components by water soluble glucans isolated from Phytophthora infestans. Physiological Plant Pathology 16, 177–186

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. EBEL, J., AYERS, A.R. & ALBERSHEIM, P. (1976). Host-Pathogen Interactions III. Response of suspension-cultured soybean cells to the elicitor isolated from Phytophthora megasperma var. sojae, a fungal pathogen of soybeans. Plant Physiology 57, 775–779

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. ERB, K., GALLEGLY, M.E. & LEACH, J.G. (1973). Longevity of mycelium of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in hypocotyl tissue of resistant and susceptible bean cultivars. Phytopathology 63, 1334–1335

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. ERSEK, T., KIRáLY, Z. & DOBROVOLSZKY, A. (1977). Lack of correlation between tissue necrosis and phytoalexin accumulation in tubers of potato cultivars. Journal of Food Safety 1, 77–85

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. HADWIGER, L.A. & SCHWOCHAU, M.E. (1971). Ultraviolet light-induced formation of pisatin and phenylalanine ammonia lyase. Plant Physiology 47, 588–590

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. HARDER, D.E., ROHRINGER, R., SAMBORSKI, D.J., RIMMER, S.R., KIM, W.K. & CHONG, J. (1979). Electron microscopy of susceptible and resistant near-isogenic (Sr6/Sr6) lines of wheat infected by Puccinia graminis tritici. II. Expression of incompatibility in mesophyll and epidermal cells and the effect of temperature on host-parasite interactions in these cells. Canadian Journal of Botany 57, 2617–2625

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. HARDER, D.E., SAMBORSKI, D.J., ROHRINGER, R., RIMMER, S.R., KIM, W.K. & CHONG, J. (1979). Electron microscopy of susceptible and resistant near-isogenic (Sr6/Sr6) lines of wheat infected by Puccinia graminis tritici. III. Ultrastructure of incompatible interactions. Canadian Journal of Botany 57, 2626–2634

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. HARGREAVES, J.A. (1979). Investigations into the mechanism of mercuric chloride stimulated phytoalexin accumulation in Phaseolus vulgaris and Pisum sativum. Physiological Plant Pathology 15, 279–287

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. HARGREAVES, J.A. (1981). Stimulation of phytoalexin accumulation in cotyledons of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by Triton (t-octyl phenol polyethoxy ethanol) surfactants. New Phytologist in press

    Google Scholar 

  35. HARGREAVES, J.A. & BAILEY, J.A. (1978). Phytoalexin production by hypocotyls of Phaseolus vulgaris in response to constitutive metabolites released by damaged cells. Physiological Plant Pathology 13, 89–100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. HARGREAVES, J.A., MANSFIELD, J.W. & ROSSALL, S. (1977). Changes in phytoalexin concentrations in tissues of the broad bean plant (Vicia faha L.) following inoculation with species of Botrytis. Physiological Plant Pathology 11, 227–242

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. HARGREAVES, J.A. & SELBY, C. (1978). Phytoalexin formation in cell suspensions of Phaseolus vulgaris in response to an extract of bean hypocotyls. Phytochemistry 17, 1099–1102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. HEATH, M.C. (1976). Hypersensitivity, the cause or the consequence of rust resistance? Phytopathology 66, 935–936

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. INGRAM, D.S. (1978). Cell death and resistance to biotrophs. Annals of Applied Biology 89, 291–295

    Google Scholar 

  40. KAPLAN, D.T., KEEN, N.T. & THOMASON, I.J. (1979). Studies on the mode of action of glyceollin in soybean incompatibility to the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Physiological Plant Pathology 16, 319–325

    Google Scholar 

  41. KEEN, N.T. (1975). Specific elicitors of plant phytoalexin production: Determinants of race specificity in pathogens. Science 187, 74–75

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. KLARMAN, W.L. & HAMMERSCHLAG, F. (1972). Production of the phytoalexin, hydroxyphaseollin, in soybean leaves inoculated with tobacco necrosis virus. Phytopathology 62, 719–721

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. LANDES, M. & HOFFMAN, G.M. (1979). Ultrahistological investigations of the interaction in compatible and incompatible systems in Phaseolus vulgaris and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 96, 330–350

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. LANGCAKE, P., CORNFORD, C.A. & PRYCE, R.J. (1979). Identification of pterostilbene as a phytoalexin from Vitis vinifera leaves. Phytochemistry 18, 1025–1027

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. MACLEAN, D.J., SARGENT, J.A., TOMMERUP, I.C. & INGRAM, D.S. (1974). Hypersensitivity as the primary event in resistance to fungal parasites. Nature 249, 186–187

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. MANSFIELD, J.W. & SEXTON, R. (1974). Changes in the localization of β-glycerophosphatase activity during the infection of Phaseolus vulgaris by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Annals of Botany 38, 711–717

    Google Scholar 

  47. MAYAMA, S., REHFELD, D.W. & DALY, J.M. (1975). A comparison of the development of Puccinia graminis in resistant and susceptible wheat based on glucosamine content. Physiological Plant Pathology 7, 243–258

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. MERCER, P.C., WOOD, R.K.S. & GREENWOOD, R.D. (1974). Resistance to anthracnose of French bean. Physiological Plant Pathology 4, 291–306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. MOESTA, P. & GRISEBACH, H. (1980). Effects of biotic and abiotic elicitors on phytoalexin metabolism in soybean. Nature 286, 710–711

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. MÜLLER, K.O. (1958). Studies on phytoalexins I. The formation and the immunological significance of phytoalexin produced by Phaseolus vulgaris in response to infection with Sclerotinia fructicola and Phytophthora infestans. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 11, 276–300

    Google Scholar 

  51. MÜLLER, K.O. (1959). Hypersensitivity. In: Plant Pathology Vol. I. Ed. by J.G. Horsall and A.E. Dimond, pp. 469–519. Academic Press

    Google Scholar 

  52. PAXTON, J., GOODCHILD, D.J. & CRUICKSHANK, I.A.M. (1974). Phaseollin production by live bean endocarp. Physiological Plant Pathology 4, 167–171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. PUEPPKE, S.G. & VAN ETTEN, H.D. (1976). The relation between pisatin and the development of Aphanomyces euteiches in diseased Pisum sativum. Phytopathology 66, 1174–1185

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. RAHE, J.E. (1973). Occurrence and levels of the phytoalexin phaseollin in relation to delimitation of sites of infection of Phaseolus vulgaris by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Canadian Journal of Botany 51, 2423–2430

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. RAHE, J.E. (1973). Phytoalexin nature of heat-induced protection against bean anthracnose. Phytopathology 63, 572–577

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. RAHE, J.E. & ARNOLD, R.M. (1975). Injury-related phaseollin accumulation in Phaseolus vulgaris and its implications with regard to specificity of host-parasite interaction. Canadian Journal of Botany 53, 921–928

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. RAHE, J.E., KUĆ, J., CHUANG, C.-M. & WILLIAMS, E.B. (1969). Correlation of phenolic metabolism with histological changes in Phaseolus vulgaris inoculated with fungi. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 75, 58–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. RATHMELL, W.G. (1973). Phenolic compounds and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity in relation to phytoalexin biosynthesis in infected hypocotyls of Phaseolus vulgaris. Physiological Plant Pathology 3, 259–267

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. REILLY, J.J. & KLARMAN, W.L. (1980). Thymine dimer and glyceollin accumulation in u.v.-irradiated soybean suspension cultures. Environmental and Experimental Botany 20, 131–134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. SKIPP, R.A. & CARTER, G.A. (1978). Adaptation of fungi to isoflavonoid phytoalexins. Annals of Applied Biology 89, 366–369

    Google Scholar 

  61. SKIPP, R.A. & DEVERALL, B.J. (1972). Relationships between fungal growth and host changes visible by light microscopy during infection of bean hypocotyls (Phaseolus vulgaris) susceptible and resistant to physiological races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Physiological Plant Pathology 2, 357–374

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. SKIPP, R.A., HARDER, D.E. & SAMBORSKI, D.J. (1974). Electron microscopy studies on infection of resistant (Sr6 gene) and susceptible near-isogenic wheat lines by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Canadian Journal of Botany 52, 2615–2620

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. SKIPP, R.A. & SAMBORSKI, D.J. (1974). The effect of the Sr6 gene for host resistance on histological events during the development of stem rust in near-isogenic wheat lines. Canadian Journal of Botany 52, 1107–1115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. SMITH, I.M. (1978). The role of phytoalexins in resistance. Annals of Applied Biology 82, 325–329

    Google Scholar 

  65. STHOLASUTA, P., BAILEY, J.A., SEVERIN, B. & DEVERALL, B.J. (1971). Effect of bacterial inoculation of bean and pea leaves on the accumulation of phaseollin and pisatin. Physiological Plant Pathology 1, 177–183

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. STOESSL, A. (1978). Phytoalexins - a biogenetic perspective. Abstracts of 3rd Int. Congress of Plant Pathology, Munich p. 217

    Google Scholar 

  67. TEASDALE, J., DANIELS, D., DAVIS, W.C., EDDY, R. JR. & HADWIGER, L.A. (1974). Physiological and cytological similarities between disease resistance and cellular incompatibility responses. Plant Physiology 54, 690–695

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. THEODOROU, M.K. & SMITH, I.M. (1979). The implication of a rapid method for the determination of differential interactions in French bean anthracnose. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 96, 1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. TOMIYAMA, K., DOKE, N., NOZUE, M. & ISHIGURI, Y. (1979). The hypersensitive response of resistant plants. In: Recognition and Specificity in Plant Host-Parasite Interactions, Ed. by J.M. Daly and I. Uritani, pp. 69–84. Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  70. TOMIYAMA, K. & FUKAYA, M. (1975). Accumulation of rishitin in dead potato-tuber tissue following treatment with HgCl2. Annals of Phytopathological Society of Japan 41, 418–420

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. VALENT, B.S. & ALBERSHEIM, P. (1977). Role of elicitors of phytoalexin accumulation in plant disease resistance. In: Host Plant Resistance to Pests, Ed. by P.A. Hedin, pp. 27–34. American Chemical Society Symposium No. 62

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  72. VAN ETTEN, H.D. (1979). Relationship between tolerance to isoflavonoid phytoalexins and pathogenicity. In: Recognition and Specificity in Plant Host-Parasite Interactions, Ed. by J.M. Daly and I. Uritani, pp. 301–316. Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  73. WARD, E.W.B. & STOESSL, A. (1976). On the question of ‘elicitors’ or ‘inducers’ in incompatible interactions between plants and fungal pathogens. Phytopathology 66, 940–941

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. WOODWARD, M.D. (1979). New isoflavonoids related to kievitone from Phaseolus vulgaris. Phytochemistry 18, 2007–2010

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. YOSHIKAWA, M. (1978). Diverse modes of action of biotic and abiotic phytoalexin elicitors. Nature 275, 246–247

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Long Ashton Research Station, Long Ashton, Bristol, BS18 9AF, UK

    J. A. Bailey

Authors
  1. J. A. Bailey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, England

    R. K. S. Wood

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bailey, J.A. (1982). Physiological and Biochemical Events Associated with the Expression of Resistance to Disease. In: Wood, R.K.S. (eds) Active Defense Mechanisms in Plants. NATO Advanced Study Institutes Series, vol 37. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8309-7_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8309-7_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-8311-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-8309-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation