Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nuclear Structure Studies in the Z = 50 Region

  • Chapter
Advances in Nuclear Physics

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to present briefly the state of our knowledge of nuclei in a particular region of the periodic table, namely those nuclei with proton number near fifty. It is natural to group these together. According to our simplest models, their structures are intimately related. They are spherical nuclei, or at least not strongly deformed. The tin isotopes, with Z = 50, are classified as “single-closed-shell nuclei,” since 50 is a magic number, and the differences in their structure are determined completely by differences in the numbers of neutrons in the valence shells. The indium and antimony isotopes (with Z = 49 and 51) have a proton particle or hole in addition to the fifty in the closed shell. There is a close relationship between their structure and that of the tin nuclei as well as relationships between their various isotopes. The shell-model description of nuclei in this region is thus fairly simple, and makes possible detailed microscopic calculations. On the other hand, the even-mass cadmium and tellurium isotopes (Z = 48 and Z = 52, respectively) look experimentally quite different from the single-closed-shell tin isotopes. It is also much more difficult to calculate their structure. For these reasons, the tin, antimony and indium isotopes make an island of nuclei, about fifty in number, whose properties can profitably be discussed as a unit.

This work supported in part through funds provided by the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission under Contract No. AT(30–1) 2098 at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and by the National Science Foundation at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania under Grant # GP-9330.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

General References

  1. R. Arvieu, Ann. Phys., 8:407 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  2. R. Arvieu, E. Baranger, M. Veneroni, M. Baranger, and V. Gillet, Phys. Letters, 4:119 (1963).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. W. P. Alford, J. P. Schiffer, and J. J. Swartz, Phys. Rev. Letters, 21:156 (1968).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. M. Baranger, Phys. Rev., 120:957 (1960).

    MATH  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. M. Baranger, in Cargese Lectures in Theoretical Physics (M. Levy, ed.), W. A. Benjamin Co., New York (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  6. G. F. Bertsch, Nucl. Phys., 74:234 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  7. J. H. Bjerregaard, Ole Hansen, O. Nathan, R. Chapman, and S. Hinds, Nucl. Phys., A107:241 (1968).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. J. Blomquist and T. T. S. Kuo, Phys. Letters, 28B:544 (1969).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. B. Barrett and M. Kirson, Nucl. Phys., A148:145 (1970).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. A. Bohr, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Nuclear Structure, Dubna, 1968 (IAEA, eds.), Vienna (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  11. R. Broglia, C. Riedel, and B. Sorensen, Nucl. Phys., A115:273 (1968).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. D. R. Bes and R. A. Sorensen, in Advances in Nuclear Physics, Vol. 2 (M. Baranger and E. Vogt, eds.) Plenum Press, New York (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  13. J. Bardwick and R. Tickle, Phys. Rev., 161:1217 (1967).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. D. M. Clement and E. U. Baranger, Nucl. Phys., A120:25 (1968).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. D. M. Clement and E. U. Baranger, Nucl. Phys., A108:27 (1968).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. S. Cohen, R. D. Lawson, M. H. Macfarlane, and M. Soga, in Methods in Computational Physics (B. Alder, S. Fernbach, and M. Rosenberg, eds.) Academic Press, New York and London (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  17. S. Devons and I. Duerdoth, in Advances in Nuclear Physics, Vol. 2 (M. Baranger and E. Vogt, eds.) Plenum Press, New York (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  18. A. E. L. Dieperinck, H. P. Leenhouk, and P. J. Brussaard, Nucl. Phys., A116:556 (1968).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. N. Freed and L. S. Kisslinger, Nucl. Phys., A116:401 (1968).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. J. B. French, E. C. Halbert, J. B. McGrory, and S. S. M. Wong, in Advances in Nuclear Physics, Vol. 3 (M. Baranger and E. Vogt, eds.) Plenum Press, N. Y. (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  21. V. Gillet, A. M. Green, and E. A. Sanderson, Nucl. Phys., 88:321 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  22. I. Hamamoto, Nucl. Phys., 62:49 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  23. J. A. Halbleib and R. A. Sorensen, Nucl. Phys., A98:542 (1967).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. E. C. Halbert and S. J. Krieger, Comments on Nuclear and Particle Physics IV: 33 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  25. M. Jean, in International School of Physics Enrico Fermi, Varenna 1967, Academic Press, New York (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  26. T. T. S. Kuo and G. E. Brown, Nucl. Phys., 85:40 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  27. T. T. S. Kuo, E. U. Baranger, and Michel Baranger, Nucl. Phys. 79:513 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  28. T. T. S. Kuo, J. Blomquist, and G. E. Brown, Phys. Letters, 31B:93 (1970).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. L. S. Kisslinger and R. A. Sorensen, Mat. Fys. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk., 32, No. 9 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  30. L. S. Kisslinger and R. A. Sorensen, Revs. Mod. Phys., 35:853 (1963).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. M. Kirson and L. Zamick, Ann. Phys. 60:188 (1970).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. A. M. Lane, Nuclear Theory, W. A. Benjamin, New York (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  33. C. M. Lederer, J. M. Hollander, and I. Perlman, Table of Isotopes, John Wiley and Sons, New York (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  34. A. M. Lane and E. D. Pendlebury, Nucl. Phys., 15:39 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  35. M. H. Macfarlane, in Lectures in Theoretical Physics, Vol. VIIIc, The University of Colorado Press, Boulder (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  36. J. H. E. Mattauch, W. Thiele, and A. H. Wapstra, Nucl. Phys., 67:1 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  37. Nuclear Data Sheets, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  38. P. L. Ottaviani and M. Savoia, Phys. Rev., 187:1306 (1969).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. P. Sauer, Nucl. Phys. A150:467 (1970).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. Frank Tabakin, Ann. Phys., 30:51 (1964).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. C. S. Wu and Lawrence Wilets, in Annual Review of Nuclear Science, (E. Segre, ed.) Annual Reviews Inc., Palo Alto, California (1969).

    Google Scholar 

Even-Mass Tin Isotopes

  1. D. L. Allan, B. H. Armitage, and B. A. Doran, Nucl. Phys., 66:481 (1965). Energy Levels in Even Tin Isotopes from 11 MeV Proton Inelastic Scattering.

    Google Scholar 

  2. D. L. Allan, Nucl. Phys., A114:211 (1968). An Experimental Study of the Configurational Connections Between the States of an Odd- and an Even-Mass Nucleus

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. H. Arenhövel and J. M. Maison, Nucl. Phys., A147:305 (1970). Study of the Giant Resonance by Photon Scattering in Medium Spherical Nuclei

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. N. Baron, R. F. Leonard, J. L. Need, W. M. Stewart, and V. A. Madsen, Phys. Rev., 146:861 (1966). Inelastic Alpha-Particle Excitation in the Even Tin Isotopes

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. G. Bassani, N. M. Heintz, C. D. Kavaloski, J. R. Maxwell, and G. M. Reynolds, Phys. Rev. 139:B830 (1965). (p, t) Ground-State L = 0 Transitions in the Even Isotopes of Sn and Cd at 40 MeV, N = 62 to 74

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. P. Barreau and J. B. Bellicard, Phys. Rev. Letters, 19:1444 (1967

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. P. Barreau and J. B. Bellicard, Phys. Letters, 25B:470 (1967). Study of Collective Levels in Tin-116, Tin-120, and Tin-124 by Inelastic Electron Scattering

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. S. K. Bhattacherjee, F. Boehm, and P. L. Lee, Phys. Rev., 188:1919 (1969). Nuclear Charge Radii from Atomic K x-rays

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. L. Bianchi, M. Conjeaud, and S. Harar, CEN Saclay CEA-N 844 Compte Rendu d’activite 1966–1967. Reactions 113In(3He, d)114Sn et 115In(3He, d)116Sn

    Google Scholar 

  10. O. Beer, A. El Bahay, P. Lopato, Y. Terrien, G. Vallois, and Kamal K. Seth, Nucl. Phys., A147:326 (1970). Spectroscopy of Even Tin Isotopes by Inelastic Scattering of 24.5 MeV Protons

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. Richard N. Boyd and G. W. Greenlees, Phys. Rev., 176:1394 (1968). Nuclear-Matter Sizes in the Tin Isotopic Sequence

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. C. R. Bingham, M. L. Halbert, and A. R. Quinton, Phys. Rev., 180:1197 (1969). Scattering of 65-MeV Alpha Particles from 89Y, 92Zr, 94Zr, 96Zr, and 116Sn

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. J. A. Biggerstaff, C. Bingham, P. D. Miller, J. Solomon, and K. K. Seth, Phys. Letters, 25B:273 (1967). Proton Particle-Hole States in 116Sn

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. J. H. Bjerregaard, O. Hansen, O. Nathan, L. Vistisen, R. Chapman, and S. Hinds, Nucl. Phys., A110:1 (1968). The Reactions 116,118Sn(t, p)118,120Sn

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. J. H. Bjerregaard, O. Hansen, O. Nathan, R. Chapman, and S. Hinds, Nucl. Phys., A131:481 (1969). (t, p) Reactions on 112,124Sn and the Pairing Model

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. N. Baron, R. F. Leonard, and D. A. Lind, Phys. Rev., 180:978 (1969). Elastic Scattering of 21-MeV Protons from Nitrogen-14, Oxygen-16, Argon-40, Nickel-58, and Tin-116

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. R. Cesareo, M. Giannini, P. Oliva, D. Prosperi, and M. C. Ramorino, Nucl. Phys., A132:512 (1969). Nuclear Resonant Scattering of Gamma Rays in Ni, Cd, Sn, and Bi

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. M. Conjeaud, S. Harar, and J. Picard, Phys. Letters, 23:104 (1966). A Possible Process for Core Excitation in Even Single-Closed-Shell Nuclei

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. C. H. Chang, G. B. Hagemann, and T. Yamazaki, Nucl. Phys., 134:110 (1969). Excited States of 116Sn Populated by the (α, 2n) Reaction

    Google Scholar 

  20. V. Comparat, A. Desnoyers, N. Marty, and A. Willis, International Conference on Properties of Nuclear States, Montreal, 1969, Les Presses de l’Université de Montreal (1969). Analyse de la Diffusion pp′ a 155 MeV Utilisant des Descriptions Microscopic des Isotopes 116Sn, 118Sn, 120Sn

    Google Scholar 

  21. V. Comparat, Thesis, University of Paris, 1970. Etude de la Diffusion Elastique et Inelastique des Protons de 156 MeV par les Isotopes Pairs de l’Etain

    Google Scholar 

  22. M. Conjeaud, B. Fernandez, S. Harar and E. Thurière, M. L. Chatterjee, N. Cindro, and E. Turk, International Conference on Properties of Nuclear States, Montreal, 1969, Les Presses de l’Université de Montreal (1969). Etats Particule-Trou de Proton dans les Isotopes 120 et 122 de l’Etain

    Google Scholar 

  23. Cooperation of the Angular Correlation Groups of Bonn and Hamburg, Nucl Phys., 89:305 (1966). The Magnetic Moment of the 5- State of 116Sn and Other Spectroscopic Investigations in the Decay of 116Sn and 116In

    Google Scholar 

  24. N. Cue and Patrick Richard, Phys. Rev., 173:1108 (1968). Proton Decay of Analog States Formed in the (d, n) Reaction

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. T. H. Curtis, R. A. Eisenstein, D. W. Madsen, and C. K. Bockelman, Phys. Rev., 184:1162 (1969). Quadrupole and Octupole Excitations of the Even Tin Isotopes by Electron Scattering

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. O. Dietzsch, E. W. Hamburger, and K. Schechet, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 12:19 (1967). Isobaric Analog Resonances in the Scattering of Protons from Tin

    Google Scholar 

  27. E. R. Flynn and J. G. Beery, Phys. Rev. Letters, 24:143 (1970). Evidence for Particle Quasi-Hole States in 124Sn

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. E. R. Flynn, J. G. Beery, and A. G. Blair, Nucl. Phys. A154:225 (1970). The 122,124Sn(t, p)124,126Sn Reaction at 20 MeV

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. Donald G. Fleming, Marshall Blann, and H. W. Fulbright, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 14:490 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Donald G. Fleming, Marshall Blann, H. W. Fulbright, and John A. Robbins, Nucl. Phys. A157:1 (1970). (p, t) Reactions on the Even Tin Isotopes

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. S. C. Fultz, B. L. Berman, J. T. Caldwell, R. L. Bramblett, and M. A. Kelly, Phys. Rev., 186:1255 (1969). Photoneutron Cross Sections for Sn116, Sn117, Sn118, Sn119, Sn120, Sn124, and Indium

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. G. W. Greenlees, W. Makofske, and G. J. Pyle Phys. Rev., C1:1145 (1970). Analysis of Proton Elastic Scattering Using Potentials Derived from Nucleon-Density Distributions and Two-Body Potentials

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. G. W. Greenlees, G. J. Pyle, and Y. C. Tang, Phys. Rev., 171:1115 (1968). Nuclear Matter Radii from a Reformulated Optical Model

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. S. Harar, Thesis, University of Paris, 1968 and CEA-R3530 Saclay Report. Spectroscopic Study of Near Closed-Shell Nuclei Z = 50 by Means of the (3He, d) and d, 3He) Reactions on All Even Tin Isotopes, and the (3He, d) Reaction on the A = 113 and A = 115 Indium Isotopes

    Google Scholar 

  35. B. Hrastnik, V. Knapp, and M. Vlatkovic, Nucl. Phys., 89:412 (1966). Lifetimes of the First Excited States in 118Sn and 120Sn by the Nuclear Gamma-Ray Resonance Method

    Google Scholar 

  36. S. A. Hjorth, E. K. Lin, and A. Johnson, Nucl. Phys., A116:1 (1968). Analysis of the Elastic Scattering of 14.5 MeV Deuterons on Isotopes between 54Fe and 124Sn

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. G. E. Holland, J. Maher, C. A. Whitten, and D. A. Bromley, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 12:19 (1967). 120Sn(p, t)118Sn Reaction at 20.00 MeV

    Google Scholar 

  38. A. N. James, P. T. Andrews, P. Kirkby, and B. G. Lowe, Nucl. Phys., A138:145 (1969). Measurement of (p, 2p) Cross Sections in Medium Weight and Heavy Nuclei

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. O. N. Jarvis, B. G. Harvey, D. L. Hendrie, and Jeanette Mahoney, Nucl. Phys., A102:625 (1967). The Inelastic Scattering of 17.8 MeV Protons from 58Ni, 60Ni, and 120Sn and the Determination of Spin and Parity Assignments for 58Ni from α-particle Scattering

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. Cleland H. Johnson and Robert L. Kernell, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 14:490 (1969). Proton Strength Functions from (p, n) Reactions on In and Five Sn Isotopes

    Google Scholar 

  41. R. K. Jolly, Phys. Rev., 139B:318 (1965). Analysis of Single Excitations in Inelastic Deuteron Scattering from 60Ni, 92Zr, and 120Sn Nuclei

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. O. Karban, P. D. Greaves, V. Hnizdo, J. Lowe, and G. W. Greenlees, Nucl. Phys., A147:461 (1970). Inelastic Scattering of Polarized Protons at 30.3 MeV by 54,56Fe, 58Ni, 120Sn, and 208Pb

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. J. W. Kast, S. Bernow, S. C. Cheng, D. Hitlin, W. Y. Lee, E. R. Macagno, A. M. Rushton, and C. W. Wu, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 14:1241 (1969). Isotone Shift in Muonic X-rays in the Tin Region

    Google Scholar 

  44. B. G. Kiselev and V. R. Burmistrov, Soviet Journal of Nuclear Physics, 8:613 (1969). Investigation of the 118Te → 118Sb → 118Sn Decay Chain

    Google Scholar 

  45. Y. S. Kim and B. L. Cohen, Phys. Rev., 142:788 (1966). Studies of (d, d′) Reactions on Sn, Cd, Te, and Mo Isotopes

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. V. M. Khvastunov et al., Nucl. Phys., A146:15 (1970). Elastic Electron Scattering on 58,60,64Ni and 112,118Sn Isotopes

    Google Scholar 

  47. A. M. Kleinfeld, R. Covello-Moro, H. Ogata, G. G. Seaman, S. G. Steadman, and J. de Boer, Nucl. Phys. A154:499 (1970). Reorientation Measurements in 116Sn and 124Sn

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. M. Koike, I. Nonaka, H. Nakamura, H. Taketani, Y. Awaya, T. Wada, and K. Matsuda, J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 25:626 (1968). Collective States of 116Sn Excited by Inelastic Scattering of 14.695 MeV Protons

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. M. Koike, R. Bigler, J. Horton, and S. Ali, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 14:1219 (1969). Nuclear Structure Studies of 120Sn with (p, p′) and (d, p) Reactions

    Google Scholar 

  50. I. Kumabe, H. Ogata, T. H. Kim, M. Inoue, Y. Okuma, and M. Matoba, J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 25:14 (1968). Scattering of 34.4 MeV Alpha Particles by the Tin Isotopes

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. J. J. Kolata, A. Galonsky, R. Howell, and R. Sager, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 14:490 (1969). Proton Spin Flip at 30 MeV in the Reaction 120Sn(p, p′γ)120Sn.

    Google Scholar 

  52. D. A. Lind, M. E. Cage, P. D. Kunz, and R. R. Johnson, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 14:56 (1969). 113In(3He, d)114Sn Reaction at 37.7 MeV

    Google Scholar 

  53. E. R. Macagno, S. Bernow, S. C. Cheng, S. Devons, I. Duerdoth, D. Hitlin, J. W. Kast, W. Y. Lee, J. Rainwater, C. S. Wu, and R. C. Barrett, Phys. Rev., C1: 1202 (1970). Muonic Atoms: II. Isotope Shifts

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. W. Makofske, M. Slagowitz, W. Savin, H. Ogata, T. H. Kruse, and T. Tamura, Phys. Letters, 25B:322 (1967). Scattering of 16-MeV Protons from Even Tin Isotopes

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  55. W. Makofske, W. Savin, H. Ogata, and T. H. Kruse, Phys. Rev., 174:1429 (1968). Elastic and Inelastic Proton Scattering from Even Isotopes of Cd, Sn, and T1

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  56. V. E. Michalk and J. A. McIntyre, Nucl. Phys., A137:115 (1969). Population of Nuclear Energy Levels via Photon-Excited Levels

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  57. C. Samour, J. Julien, J. M. Kuchly, R. N. Alves, and J. Morganstern, Nucl. Phys., A122:512 (1968). Capture Radiative Partielle des Neutions de Resonance dans Quelques Isotopes de PEtain

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  58. R. Shoup, J. D. Fox, and G. Vourvopoulos, Nucl. Phys., A135:689 (1969). Proton Particle-Hole States in 116Sn from the 115In(3He,d)116Sn Reaction

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  59. E. J. Schneid, E. W. Hamburger, and B. L. Cohen, Phys. Rev. 161:1208 (1967). Study of Inelastic Scattering of Protons from 116Sn, 122Sn and 124Sn at Isobaric Analog Resonances

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. E. Schneid, A. Prakash, and B. L. Cohen, Phys. Rev., 156:1316 (1967). (d, p) and (d, t) Reactions on the Isotopes of Tin

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. P. H. Stelson, R. L. Robinson, M. J. Kim, J. Rapaport, and G. R. Satchler, Nucl. Phys., 68:97 (1965). Excitation of Collective States by the Inelastic Scattering of 14-MeV Neutrons

    Google Scholar 

  62. P. H. Stelson, F. K. McGowan, R. L. Robinson, W. T. Milner, and R. O. Sayer, Phys. Rev., 170:1172 (1968). Coulomb Excitation of the Even Tin Nuclei

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  63. P. H. Stelson, F. K. McGowan, R. L. Robinson, and W. T. Milner, Phys. Rev., C2:2015 (1970). Static Quadrupole Moment of the First 2+ States of the Even Tin Nuclei

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  64. B. Tatischeff and I. Brissaud, Nucl. Phys., A155:89 (1970). 166-MeV Elastic and Inelastic Alpha Particle Scattering; Macroscopic and Microscopic Analysis

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  65. K. Yagi, Y. Saji, T. Ishmatsu, Y. Ishizaki, M. Matoba, Y. Nakajima, and C. Y. Huang, Nucl. Phys., A111:129 (1968). Level Structure of 116Sn and 117Sn from (p, d) (p, t), and (p, p′) Reactions

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  66. K. Yagi, Y. Saji, T. Ishimatsu, Y. Ishizaki, M. Matoba, Y. Nakajima, and C. Y. Huang, J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 24:1167 (1968). Level Structure of 118Sn from a 119Sn(p, d) Reaction

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  67. T. Yamazaki and G. T. Ewan, Nucl. Phys., A134:81 (1969). Level and Isomer Systematics in Even Tin Isotopes from 108Sn to 118Sn Observed in Cd(α, xn) Reactions

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  68. T. Yamazaki, G. T. Ewan, and S. G. Prussin, Phys. Rev. Letters, 20:1376 (1968). Level and Isomer Systematics in Even Sn Isotopes

    ADS  Google Scholar 

Odd-Mass Tin Isotopes

  1. See reference under Even Mass Tin Isotopes.

    Google Scholar 

  2. R. Arking, R. N. Boyd, B. Gonsior, J. C. Lombardi, and A. B. Robbins, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 14:491 (1969). A Study of f 7/2 Isobaric Analogue Resonances in Odd Isotopes of Sb

    Google Scholar 

  3. D. B. Beery, G. Berzins, W. B. Chaffee, W. H. Kelly, and W. C. McHarris, Nucl. Phys., A123:659 (1969). The States of 117Sn

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. C. R. Bingham and M. L. Halbert, Phys. Rev., C1:244 (1970). Reaction 116Sn(α, 3He) at 65.7 MeV

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. M. R. Bhat, R. E. Chrien, O. A. Wasson, M. Beer, and M. A. Lone, Phys. Rev., 166:111 (1968). Investigation of γ-Rays following S- and P-wave Neutron Capture in Tin Isotopes

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. J. P. Bocquet, Y. Y. Chu, G. T. Emergy, and M. L. Perlman, Phys. Rev., 167:1117 (1968). Internal Conversion Studies with 119mSn and 117mSn

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. T. Borello, O. Dietzsch, E. Frota-Pessoa, E. W. Hamburger, and C. Q. Orsini, International Conference on Properties of Nuclear States, Montreal, 1969, Les Presses de l’Université de Montreal (1969). Energy Levels of 113Sn and 123Sn

    Google Scholar 

  8. P. A. Baedecker, A. Pakkanen, and W. B. Walters, to be published. Decay of 117In Isomers and Search for a Low-Lying 9/2- Level in 117Sn

    Google Scholar 

  9. P. E. Cavanagh, AERE-R 5801 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Research Group Report (1968). j-dependence and Spectroscopic Factors in the 2d shell for the Tin Isotopes

    Google Scholar 

  10. P. E. Cavanagh, AERE-R 5901 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Research Group Report (1968). Spectroscopic Factors, Symmetry Effects, and Nucleon Density Distributions for the Tin Isotopes

    Google Scholar 

  11. P. E. Cavanagh, C. F. Coleman, A. G. Hardacre, G. A. Gard, and J. F. Turner, Nucl. Phys., A141:97 (1970). A study of the Nuclear Structure of the Odd Tin Isotopes by Means of the (p, d) Reaction

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. See reference under Even-Mass Tin Isotopes.

    Google Scholar 

  13. See reference under Even-Mass Tin Isotopes.

    Google Scholar 

  14. E. R. Flynn, O. Hansen, and T. Mulligan, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 15:622 (1970). One and Three Quasiparticle States in 121Sn

    Google Scholar 

  15. D. G. Fleming, M. Blann, H. W. Fulbright, J. A. Robbins, and Yu-Wen Yu, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 13:1429 (1968). (p, t) Reactions on the Tin Isotopes

    Google Scholar 

  16. See reference under Even-Mass Tin Isotopes.

    Google Scholar 

  17. B. Gensior, R. Arking, J. Lombardi and A. B. Robbins, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 13:1562 (1968). Spin and Parity Measurements on Isobaric Analogue States in 125Sb

    Google Scholar 

  18. G. E. Holland, C. A. Whitten, Jr., J. Maher, and D. A. Bromley, International Conference on Properties of Nuclear States, Montreal, 1969. Les Presses de l’Université de Montreal (1969). The (p, t) Reaction on Sn119 and Sn117

    Google Scholar 

  19. See reference under Even-Mass Tin Isotopes.

    Google Scholar 

  20. O. Rahmouni, Nuovo Cim., 52B:289 (1968). De croissance de 115Sb

    Google Scholar 

  21. R. L. Robinson, F. K. McGowan, P. H. Stelson, W. T. Milner, and R. A. Sayer, Nucl. Phys., A123:193 (1969). Gamma-gamma Angular Correlations Following Coulomb Excitation

    Google Scholar 

  22. See reference under Even-Mass Tin Isotopes.

    Google Scholar 

  23. R. E. Snyder and G. B. Beard, Nucl. Phys., A113:581 (1968). Decay of 121mSn and 121Sn

    Google Scholar 

  24. See reference under Even-Mass Tin Isotopes.

    Google Scholar 

  25. See reference under Even-Mass Tin Isotopes.

    Google Scholar 

  26. P. H. Stelson, W. T. Milner, F. K. McGowan, and R. L. Robinson, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 12:19 (1967). Coulomb Excitation of 117,119Sn

    Google Scholar 

  27. L. Veeser and J. Ellis, Nucl. Phys., A115:185 (1968). Polarization Measurements near Isobaric Analogue Resonances in 117Sb, 119Sb,and 121Sb

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. See reference under Even-Mass Tin Isotopes.

    Google Scholar 

  29. See reference under Even-Mass Tin Isotopes.

    Google Scholar 

Odd-Mass Antimony Isotopes

  1. K. E. Apt and W. B. Walters, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 15:622 (1970). Decay of 2.2 h 127Sn to Levels of 127Sb

    Google Scholar 

  2. R. L. Auble, J. B. Ball, and C. B. Fulmer, Phys. Rev., 169:955 (1968). Levels in Odd-Mass Sb and I Isotopes Studied with the (3He, d) Reaction

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. R. L. Auble, J. B. Ball, and C. B. Fulmer, Nucl. Phys., A116:14 (1968). The (d, 3He) Reaction on 126Te, 128Te, and 130Te Nuclei

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. R. L. Auble and W. H. Kelly, Nucl. Phys., 79:577 (1966). β and γ Spectroscopic Studies of 9.7 d 125Sn

    Google Scholar 

  5. R. L. Auble and W. H. Kelly, Nucl. Phys., 81:442 (1966). A Study of 123Sb Levels Populated in the Beta Decay of the High Spin Isomer of 123Sn

    Google Scholar 

  6. R. L. Auble, W. H. Kelly, and H. H. Bolotin, Nucl. Phys., 58:337 (1964). The Decay of 121Te and 121mTe

    Google Scholar 

  7. See reference under Odd-Mass Tin Isotopes.

    Google Scholar 

  8. G. Berzins and R. L. Auble, Nucl. Phys., A109:316 (1968). The Decay of 9.7 min 125Sn

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. P. D. Barnes, C. Ellegaard, B. Herskind, and M. C. Joshi, Phys. Letters, 23:266 (1964). Properties of Levels in 121Sb and 123Sb Excited with the Reactions (3He, d) (d, d′ and (16O, 16O′γ)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. P. D. Barnes, Edward R. Flynn, George J. Igo, and Richard Woods, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 12:19 (1967). Particle-Core Coupling in the Sb Isotopes and the Reactions: 121Sb(t, p)123Sb and 123Sb(p, t)121Sb

    Google Scholar 

  11. G. Bassani, M. Conjeaud, J. Gastebois, S. Harar, J. M. Laget, J. Picard, and Y. Cassagnou, Phys. Letters, 22:189 (1966). (3He, d) Reactions on the Even Sn Isotopes

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. L. M. Beyer, G. Berzins, and J. W. Starner, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 14:568 (1969). Decay of 115Te

    Google Scholar 

  13. G. Berzins, W. H. Kelly, G. Graeffe, and W. B. Walters, Nucl. Phys., A104:241 (1967). Ge(Li)—NaI(Tl) Studies of the Decay of 117Te

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. E. C. Booth and Mark Goldman, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 15:100 (1970). Resonance Fluorescence Measurements of Partial Widths in Sb121 and 123Sb

    Google Scholar 

  15. G. Berzins and W. H. Kelly, Nucl. Phys., A92:65 (1967). High Resolution Gamma-Ray Spectroscopic Studies of 119Te Isomers

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. G. Berzins and W. H. Kelly, Nucl. Phys., A104:263 (1967). Ge(Li)—NaI(Tl) Angular Correlation Studies of Gamma Cascades in the Decay of 119mTe

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. G. B. Beard and R. E. Snyder, Phys. Letters, 25B:18 (1967). First Excited State of 121Sb

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. P. A. Baedecker and W. B. Walters, Nucl. Phys., A107:449 (1968). Decay Schemes of 42 min 123Sn and 10 min 125mSn

    Google Scholar 

  19. M. Caballero, M. Conjeaud, B. Fernandez, S. Harar, and E. Thuriere, Compte Rendu d’Activite, CEN Saclay, CEA-N 1232 (1968–9). Reactions A 52Te(t, α)A-1 51, (A = 122, 124, 126, 128, 130)

    Google Scholar 

  20. M. Conjeaud, S. Harar, and Y. Cassagnou, Nucl. Phys., A117:449 (1968). (3He, d) Reactions on the Even Tin Isotopes

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. M. Conjeaud, B. Fernandez, S. Harar, E. Thuriere, M. L. Chatterjee, B. Kostalac, and M. Turk, in: International Conference on Properties of Nuclear States, Montreal, 1969, Les Presses de l’Université de Montreal (1969). Reaction 130 52Te(t, α)129 51Sb

    Google Scholar 

  22. G. Graeffe, E. J. Hoffman, and D. G. Sarantites, Phys. Rev., 158:1183 (1967). Decay Schemes of the 119Te Isomers

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. See reference under Even-Tin Mass Isotopes.

    Google Scholar 

  24. S. Harar, M. Conjeaud, B. Fernandez, E. Thuriere, and M. Caballero, to be published in Phys. Letters. The (t, a) Reaction on 122Te

    Google Scholar 

  25. C. Heiser, H. F. Brinckmann, W. D. Fromm, and U. Hagemann, Nucl. Phys., A145:81 (1970). Ein hochangeregter Isomer Kernzustand in 117Sb

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. S. A. Hjorth, Arkiv Fysik, 33:183 (1967). Analysis of Some Deuteron-Induced Reactions in the Sb Isotopes

    Google Scholar 

  27. S. Hinds, H. Merchant, and R. Middleton, Phys. Rev., 24B:89 (1967). The Strongest Transitions from the (t, p) Reactions on Cd and Sb

    Google Scholar 

  28. T. Ishimatsu, K. Yagi, H. Ohmura, Y. Nakajima, T. Nakagawa, and H. Orihara, Nucl. Phys., A104:481 (1967).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. J. M. F. Jeronymo, N. Leal da Costa, A. G. de Pinho, I. D. Goldman, and J. A. Guillaumon, Nuovo Cim., 55B:49 (1968). Level Scheme of 123Sb

    Google Scholar 

  30. A. D. Jackson, Jr., E. H. Rogers, Jr., and G. J. Garrett, Phys. Rev., 175:65 (1968). Spins and Nuclear Moments of 115Sb, 117Sb, 118Sb, 119Sb, and 120Sb

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. J. Kantele, J. Hattula, T. Hattula, H. Kalm, and O. J. Marttila, Physica, 259:20 (1967). Decay of 119Te Isomers and Structure of 119Sb

    Google Scholar 

  32. H. J. Kim, R. L. Kernell, R. L. Robinson, and C. H. Johnson, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 13:657 (1968). Spin-Parity Assignments via 117Sn(p, n)117Sb Reaction

    Google Scholar 

  33. G. M. Palmer, A. P. Arya, and C. L. Walls, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 14:1569 (1969). The 437-keV β Transition in the Decay of 125Sb

    Google Scholar 

  34. W. M. Stewart, N. Baron, and R. F. Leonard, Phys. Rev., 171:1316 (1968). Core Excitations in 107Ag, 109Ag, 113In, 115In, 121Sb, and 123Sb Resulting from Inelastic Scattering of 42-MeV Alpha Particles

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. E. N. Shipley, R. E. Holland, and F. J. Lynch, Phys. Rev., 182:1165 (1969). Lifetimes of Excited States of 51V, 61Ni, 69Ga, 75As, 79Br, 85Rb, and 123Sb (VE 68) See reference under Odd-Tin Mass Isotopes.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. J. F. Wild and W. B. Walters, Nucl. Phys., A103:601 (1967). Decay of 9.6 d 125Sn to Levels of 125Sb

    ADS  Google Scholar 

Odd-Mass Indium Isotopes

  1. William J. Alston III, Phys. Rev., 188:1837 (1969). Resonance Fluorescence Measurements of 115In Transition Strengths below 3 MeV

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. Edward C. Booth and John Brownson, Nucl. Phys., A98:529 (1967). Electron and Photon Excitation of Nuclear Isomers

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. M. Bovin, Y. Cauchots, and Y. Heno, Nucl. Phys., A137:520 (1969). Photoactivation Nucleaire du 77Se, 107,109Ar, 111Cd, 115In, et 199Hg

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. A. Bäcklin, B. Fogelberg, and S. G. Malmskog, Nucl. Phys., A96:539 (1967). Possible Deformed States in 115In and 117In

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. R. B. Begzhanov, M. Kh. Khodzhaev, and Sh. Sh. Sharipov, Sov. J. of Nucl. Phys., 8:142 (1969). Spectroscopy of the Nucleus In117

    Google Scholar 

  6. H. E. Bosch, M. C. Simon, E. Szichman, L. Gatto, and S. M. Abecasis, Phys. Rev., 159:1029 (1967). Disintegration of 113Sn

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. E. M. Bernstein, G. G. Seaman, and J. M. Palms, Nucl. Phys., A141:67 (1970). Coulomb Excitation of 118In and 115In with Oxygen Ions

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. Benson T. Chertok and Edward C. Booth, Nucl. Phys., 66:230 (1965). Nuclear Excitation by 1 to 3 MeV Electrons

    Google Scholar 

  9. M. Conjeaud, S. Harar, and E. Thuriere, Nucl. Phys., A129:10 (1969). Reaction (d, 3He) sur les Isotopes Doublement Pair de l’Etain

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. M. Conjeaud, S. Harar, and E. Thuriere, International Conference on Properties of Nuclear States, Montreal, 1969, Les Presses de l’Université de Montreal (1969), and Compte rendu d’activité CEN Saclay CEA-N 1232 (1968–69). Reactions 106,114 48Cd(He3, d)107,115 49In

    Google Scholar 

  11. B. T. Chertok and W. T. K. Johnson, Phys. Rev., 174:1525 (1968). Comparison of Experiment and Theory for Nuclear Excitation in 118In by Threshold-Energy Electrons

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. G. Chilosi, J. R. Van Hise, C. W. Tang, Phys. Rev., 168:1409 (1968). Lifetimes of Three Low-Lying Excited States in 117In

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. F. Dietrich, B. Herskind, R. Naumann, R. Stokstad, and G. Walker, Nucl. Phys., A155:209 (1970). Hole-Vibration Coupling in 115In

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. See reference under Even-Mass Tin Isotopes.

    Google Scholar 

  15. G. Graeffe and G. E. Gordon, Nucl. Phys., A114:321 (1968). Decay of 35 min 111Sn to Levels of 111In

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. G. Graeffe, C. W. Tang, C. D. Coryell, and G. E. Gordon, Phys. Rev., 149:884 (1966). Decay Schemes of 43 d 115mCd and 2.3 d 115gCd

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. S. A. Hjorth and L. H. Allen, Arkiv Fysik, 33:121 (1967). Analysis of Some Deuteron-Induced Reactions in the Indium Isotopes

    Google Scholar 

  18. See reference under Even-Mass Tin Isotopes.

    Google Scholar 

  19. S. Harar and L. N. Horoshko, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 15:552 (1970). Study of 117In Levels by the (3He, d) Reactions

    Google Scholar 

  20. See reference under Even-Mass Tin Isotopes.

    Google Scholar 

  21. H. J. Kim, R. L. Robinson, and C. H. Johnson, Phys. Rev., 180:1175 (1969). Low-Lying States of 111In via the Reaction 111Cd(p, n)111In

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. W. Y. Lee, S. Bernow, M. Y. Chen, S. C. Cheng, D. Hitlin, J. W. Kost, E. R. Macagno, A. M. Rushton, C. S. Wu, and B. Budick, Phys. Rev. Letters, 23:648 (1969). Finite Distribution of Nuclear M1 and E2 Moments in Muonic 115In, 133Cs, and 141Pr

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. E. der Mateosian and M. Goldhaber, Phys. Rev., 186:1285 (1969). Study of the Isobars 113mCd and 113mIn

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. Roger Moret, Le Journal de Phys., 30:501 (1969). Etude du Schema de Desintegration du Cadmium 117

    Google Scholar 

  25. J. McDonald, D. Porter, and D. T. Stewart, Nucl. Phys., A104:177 (1967). Excited States in 115In

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. V. R. Pandharipande, K. G. Prasad, R. M. Singer, and R. P. Sharma, Phys. Rev., 143:741 (1966). Low-Lying Excited States in 115In and 117In

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. V. R. Pandharipande, K. G. Prasad, R. P. Sharma, and B. V. Thosar, Nucl. Phys., A109:81 (1968). Level Structure of 117In from the Decay of 117Cd

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. V. R. Pandharipande, K. G. Prasad, and R. P. Sharma, Nucl. Phys., A104: 525 (1967). Magnetic Moment of the 660-keV State in 117In

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. See reference under Odd-Mass Antimony Isotopes.

    Google Scholar 

  30. S. Shastry, H. Bakhru, and I. M. Ladenbauer-Bellis, Phys. Rev., C1: 1835 (1970). Decay of Sn109 and the level Structure of In109

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. C. L. Starke, E. A. Phillips, and E. J. Spejewski, Nucl. Phys., A139:33 (1969). Radioactivity of 105Cd and 106In

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. Evelyne Thuriere, Thesis, Université de Paris (1970). Etude de la Structure Nucleaire des Isotopes 107 et 115 de l’Indium et des Correlations dans l’Etat Fondamental des Noyaux Cibles de Cadmium, a l’Aide des Reactions Cd(3He, d)In

    Google Scholar 

  33. C. Weiffenbach and Robert Tickle, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 13:1429 (1968). The (d, 3He) Reaction on Even Tin Isotopes

    Google Scholar 

Pittsburgh Calculations

  1. D. M. Clement and E. U. Baranger, Nucl. Phys., A120:25 (1968). A Shell-Model Calculation of the Even-Mass Tin Isotopes Including Core Excitation

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. D. M. Clement, Thesis, University of Pittsburgh (1967). The Use of Realistic Interactions in Nuclear Shell-Modal Calculations Including Core Excitation

    Google Scholar 

  3. T. T. S. Kuo, E. Baranger, and M. Baranger, Nucl. Phys., 89:145 (1966). Calculation of the Tin Isotopes Using Realistic Nucleon-Nucleon Interactions

    Google Scholar 

  4. T. T. S. Kuo, Thesis, University of Pittsburgh (1964). Shell-Model Study of the Tin Isotopes

    Google Scholar 

  5. R. E. Mercier, Thesis, University of Pittsburgh (1970). The Shell Model with Reaction Matrices and Pairing Correlations

    Google Scholar 

Trieste Calculations

  1. R. Alzetta and J. Sawicki, Phys. Rev., 173:1185 (1968). One-Neutron Transfer Reactions in Even and Odd Tin Isotopes and a Realistic Nucleon-Nucleon Potential

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. M. Gmitro, J. Hendekovic, and J. Sawicki, Phys. Rev., 169:983 (1968). Core Polarization and Quasi-Particle Theories of Even Tin Isotopes with a Realistic Nucleon-Nucleon Force

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. M. Gmitro, A. Rimini, J. Sawicki, and T. Weber, Phys. Rev., 173:964 (1968). Success and Limitations of Two and Four Quasi-Particle Tamm-Dancoff Theories of Vibrational States: Applications to the Even Tin Isotopes with a Realistic Nucleon-Nucleon Potential

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. M. Gmitro, A. Rimini, J. Sawicki, and T. Weber, Phys. Rev., 175:1243 (1968). Microscopic Theory of Effective Operators of Electromagnetic Interactions in Nuclei

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. M. Gmitro, A. Rimini, P. Rossi, and T. Weber, Phys. Rev., C1:1801 (1970). Comparison between the Quasi-Particle Tamm-Dancoff and Random-Phase Approximation in Even Tin Isotopes using Realistic Interaction

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. B. Gyarmati and J. Sawicki, Phys. Rev., 169:966 (1969). Spectroscopic Factors for Two-Neutron Transfer Reactions in Vibrational Nuclei

    ADS  Google Scholar 

Chalk River Calculations

  1. K. Hara, and H. C. Lee, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 15:622 (1970); and to be published. Quasi-Particle Calculation of the Low Energy Structure of Odd and Even 50Sn, Odd 51Sb, and Odd 49In Isotopes

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Nuclear Science and Physics Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

    Elizabeth Urey Baranger

  2. Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Elizabeth Urey Baranger

Authors
  1. Elizabeth Urey Baranger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

    Michel Baranger

  2. Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada

    Erich Vogt

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1971 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Baranger, E.U. (1971). Nuclear Structure Studies in the Z = 50 Region. In: Baranger, M., Vogt, E. (eds) Advances in Nuclear Physics. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8228-1_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8228-1_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-8230-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-8228-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation