Abstract
The esophagus is about 25 cm in length. The most useful reference point is the upper incisors, which are about 15 cm above the pharyngoesophageal junction; if the external nares are included, 2–3 cm must be added. In defining the esophagus, it is adequate to divide it into cervical, thoracic, and abdominal segments.
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© 2000 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.
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Skandalakis, J.E., Skandalakis, L.J., Skandalakis, P.N. (2000). Esophagus. In: Surgical Anatomy and Technique. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7993-9_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7993-9_6
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-41005-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-7993-9
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