Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cardiovascular Consequences of Acute and Chronic Ethanol Use

  • Chapter
Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems

Abstract

Recognition of the fact that chronic alcohol abuse in man can have a significant effect on the cardiovascular system has been slow in developing. In the 1950s three separate reports drew attention to the many cardiac patients with a history of long-standing alcoholism without evidence of significant nutritional deficiency in the majority. Eliaser and Giansiracus (1956) related the cardiac abnormalities seen in alcoholics to the severity and duration of alcoholism and concluded that a significant number of alcoholics with heart failure had no vitamin deficiency or hepatic disease. Brigden and Robinson (1964) reported observations in 50 such patients and noted that difficulty in obtaining a history of alcoholism. Other causes of heart disease, namely, hypertension, coronary artery disease, cor pulmonale, and congenital valvular disease, had to be excluded. A small number of patients presented with the high-output failure of beriberi and responded to thiamine. The remainder presented with low-output heart failure often complicated by atrial and ventricular arrhythmia. The occupational diversity of patients with alcoholic cardiomyopathy was emphasized by Evans (1959) in that the majority of his group held executive positions. A male predominance has been repeatedly observed in these and subsequent series and is thought to be due to the greater prevalence of alcoholism in the male. The duration of alcoholism reported by most authors is usually at least 10 years before cardiac symptoms appear.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abbasakoor, A., and Beanlands, D. C., 1976, Electrocardiographic changes during ethanol withdrawal, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 73:364.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed, S. S., Levinson, G. E., and Regan, T. J., 1973, Depression of myocardial contractility with low doses of ethanol in normal man, Circulation 48:378.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, C. S., 1966, Idiopathic heart disease. II. Electron microscopic examination of myocardial biopsy specimens in alcoholic heart disease, Am. J. Med. 41:229.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, C. S., Sekhri, K. K., and Nagasawa, H. T., 1977, Alcoholic cardiomyopathy in mice. Electron microscopic observations, J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 9:247.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alleman, R. J., and Stollerman, G. H., 1948, The course of beriberi heart disease in American prisoners-of-war in Japan, Ann. Int. Med. 8:949.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Asokan, S. K., 1974, Experimental lead cardiomyopathy-myocardial structural changes in rats given small amounts of lead, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 84:20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Asokan, S. K., and Witham, A. G., 1972, Myocardial malfunction of unknown cause, Cardiovasc. Clin. 4:113.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Asokan, S. K., Frank, M. J., and Witham, A. C., 1972, Cardiomyopathy without cardiomegaly in alcoholics, Am. Heart J. 84:13.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Attas, M., Hanley, H. G., Stultz, D., Jones, M. R., and McAllister, R. G., 1978, Fulminant beriberi heart disease with lactic acidosis: Presentation of a case with evaluation of left ventricular function and review of pathophysiologic mechanisms, Circulation 58:566.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Auger, C., and Chenard, J., 1967, Quebec beer-drinkers’ cardiomyopathy: Ultrastructural changes in one case, Can. Med. Assoc. J. 97:916.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banner, A. S., 1973, Pulmonary function in chronic alcoholism, Am. Rev. Res. Dis. 108:851.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barboriak, J. J., Rimm, A. A., Anderson, A. J., Schmidhowser, M., and Tristani, F. E., 1977, Coronary artery occlusion and alcohol intake, Br. Heart J. 39:289.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bashour, T. T., Fahdul, H., and Cheng, T., 1975, Electrocardiographic abnormalities in alcoholic cardiomyopathy. A study of 65 patients, Chest 68:24.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beeler, G. W., Jr., and Reuter, H., 1970, The relation between membrane potential, membrane currents and activation of contraction in ventricular myocardial fibers, J. Physiol. 07:211.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blomquist, G., Saltin, B., and Mitchell, J. H., 1970, Acute effects of ethanol ingestion on the response to submaximal and maximal exercise in man, Circulation 42:463.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brady, A. J., 1968, Active state in cardiac muscle, Physiol. Rev. 48:570.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brigden, W., 1964, Cardiac amyloidosis, Progr. Cardiovasc. Dis. 7:142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brigden, W., and Robinson, J., 1964, Alcoholic heart disease, Br. Med. J. :1283.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brink, A. J., Lochner, A., and Lewis, C. M., 1966, Thiamine deficiency and beriberi heart disease, 5. Afr.Med.J. 40:581.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buja, L. M., Khoi, N. B., and Roberts, W. C., 1970, Clinically significant cardiac amyloidosis, Am. J. Cardiol. 6:394.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bulloch, R. T., Pearce, M. B., Murphy, M. L., Jenkins, B. J., and Davis, J. L., 1972, Myocardial lesions in idiopathic and alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Study by ventricular septal biopsy, Am. J. Cardiol. 9:15.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burch, G. E., and Walsh, J. J., 1960, Cardiac insufficiency in chronic alcoholism, Am. J. Cardiol. 6:864.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burch, G. E., Colcolough, H. L., Harb, J. M., and Tsui, C. Y., 1971, The effect of ingestion of ethyl alcohol, wine and beer on the myocardium of mice, Am. J. Cardiol. 7:522.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Castelli, W. P., Gordon, T., Hjortland, M. C., Kagan, A., Doyle, J. T., Harnes, C. G., Hulley, S. B., and Zukel, W. J., 1977, Alcohol and blood lipids, Lancet :153.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chaunhan, S., Nayak, N. C., and Ramalingaswami, 1965, The heart and skeletal muscle in experimental protein malnutrition in rhesus monkeys, J. Pathol. Bacteriol. 90:301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Child, J. S., Kovick, R. B., Levisman, J. A., and Pearce, M. L., 1979, Cardiac effects of acute ethanol ingestion unmasked by autonomic blockade, Circulation 59:120.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cleland, J., and Molloy, P. J., 1973, Thromboembolic complications of the cloth-covered Starr-Edwards prosthesis No. 2300 aortic and No. 6300 mitral, Thorax 8:41.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Conway, N., 1968, Hemodynamic effects of ethyl alcohol in coronary heart disease, Am. Heart J. 76:581.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, G., and Harrison, E., 1972, Myocardial and mitochondrial function in potassium depletion cardiomyopathy, J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 4:633.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Darsee, J. R., and Nutter, D. O., 1978, Reversible severe congestive cardiomyopathy in three cases of hypophosphatemia, Ann. Int. Med. 89:867.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, V. E., Cashaw, J. L., Huff, J. A., Brown, H., and Nicholas, L., 1967, Alteration of endogenous catecholamine metabolism by ethanol ingestion, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 125:1140.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De la Cruz, C. L., Jr., Haider, B., Ettinger, P. O., and Regan, T. J., 1977, Effects of ethanol on ventricular electrical stability in the chronic alcoholic animal, Alcoholism 1:158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Demakis, J. G., Proskey, A., Rahimtoola, S. H., Jamil, M., Sutton, G. C., Rosen, K. M., Gummary, R. M., and Tobin, J. R., 1974, The natural course of alcoholic cardiomyopathy, Ann. Int. Med. 80:293.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dhalla, N. S., Das, P. K., and Sharma, G. P., 1978, Concise review. Subcellular basis of cardiac contractile failure, J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 19:363.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dyer, A. R., Stamler, J., Paul, O., Berkson, D. M., Lepper, M. H., McKean, H., Shekelle, R. B., Lindberg, H. A., and Garside, D., 1977, Alcohol consumption, cardiovascular risk factors, and mortality in two Chicago epidemiologic studies, Circulation 56:1067.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eliaser, M., and Giansiracus, F., 1956, Heart and alcohol, Calif. Med. 84:234.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elmadjian, F., Hope, J. M., and Lamson, E. T., 1957, Excretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine in various emotional states, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 17:608.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, M., Schneider, N., and Befeler, B., 1977, Relationship of systemic and intrarenal hemodynamics in cirrhosis, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 89:1175.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ettinger, P. O., Khan, M. I., and Regan, T. J., 1970, A catheter electrode technique for study of left ventricular conduction, J. Appl. Physiol. 8:519.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ettinger, P. O., Lyons, M., Oldewurtel, H. A., and Regan, T. J., 1976, Cardiac conduction abnormalities produced by chronic alcoholism, Am. Heart J. 91:66.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ettinger, P. O., Wu, C. F., de la Cruz, C., Jr., Weisse, A. B., Ahmed, S. S., and Regan, T. J., 1978, Arrhythmias and the “Holiday Heart”: Alcohol-associated cardiac rhythm disorders, Am. Heart J. 95:555.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, W., 1959, The electrocardiogram of alcoholic cardiomyopathy, Br. Heart J. 1:445.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Factor, S. M., 1976, Intramyocardial small-vessel disease in chronic alcoholism, Am. Heart J. 92:561.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feinman, L., and Lieber, C.S., 1972, Hepatic collagen metabolism: Effect of alcohol consumption in rats and baboons, Science 176:795.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrans, V. J., Hibbs, R. G., Weilbaecher, D. G., Black, W. C., Walsh, J. J., and Burch, G. E., 1965, Alcoholic cardiomyopathy: A histochemical study, Am. Heart J. 69:748.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrans V. J., Roberts, W. C., Shugoll, G. I., Massumi, R. A., and Ali, N., 1973, Plasma membrane extensions in intercalated discs of human myocardium and their relationship to partial dissociations of the discs, J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 5:161.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrans, V. J., Buja, L. M., and Roberts, W. C., 1975, Cardiac morphologic changes produced by ethanol, in: Alcohol and Abnormal Protein Biosynthesis, Biochemical and Clinical (M. A. Rothschild, M. Oratz, and S. S. Schreiber, eds.), p. 139, Pergamon Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fewings, J. D., Hanna, M. J. D., Walsh, J. A., and Whelan, R. H., 1966, The effects of ethyl alcohol on the blood vessels of the hand and forearm in man, Br. J. Pharmacol. 7:93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, V.J., and Kavaler, F., 1975, The action of ethanol upon the contractility of normal ventricular myocardium, in: Alcohol and Abnormal Protein Biosynthesis: Biochemical and Chemical (M. A. Rothschild, M. Oratz, and S. S. Schreiber, eds.), pp. 187–202, Pergamon Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fowler, N. O., Gueron, M., and Rowlands, D. T., 1961, Primary myocardial disease, Circulation 3:498.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, H. S., Matsuzaki, S., Choe, S., Fernando, H., Celis, A., Zaman, Q., and Lieber, C. S., 1976, Demonstration of dissimilar acute hemodynamic effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde, Clin. Res. 4:623A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuller, T. J., Nichols, W. W., Brenner, B. J., and Peterson, J. C., 1978, Reversible depression in myocardial contractility in the dog with experimental phosphorus deficiency, Clin. Res. 6:32A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garlind, T., Goldberg, L., Graf, K., Perman, E. S., Strandell, T., and Strom, G., 1960, Effect of ethanol on circulatory, metabolic and neurohormonal function during muscular work in man, Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 17:106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giacobini, E., Izekowitz, S., and Wegmann, A., 1960, Urinary norepinephrine and epinephrine excretion in delirium tremens, Arch. Gen. Psychol. 3:289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gimeno, A. L., Gimeno, M. F., and Webb, J. L., 1962, Effects of ethanol on cellular membrane potentials and contractility of isolated rat atrium, Am. J. Physiol. 03:194.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gloster, J., and Harris, P., 1972, Effect of anaerobiosis on the incorporation of (14C) acetate into lipid in the perfused rat heart, J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 4:213.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goodkind, J. M., Gerber, N., Jr., Mellen, J. R., and Kostis, J. B., 1975, Altered intracardiac conduction after acute administration of ethanol in the dog, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 194:633.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gould, L., Shariff, M., and DiLieto, M., 1969, Cardiac hemodynamics in alcoholic patients with chronic liver disease and presystolic gallop, J. Clin. Invest. 48:860.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gould, L., Reddy, R., Goswami, K., Venkataraman, K., and Gomprecht, R. F., 1973, Cardiac effect of two cocktails in normal man, Chest 63:943.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guazzi, M., Polese, A., Magrini, F., Fiorentini, C., and Oliva, M. T., 1975, Negative influence of ascites on the cardiac function of cirrhotic patients, Am. J. Med. 59:165.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gvozkjak, A., Bada, V., Kruty, F., Niederland, T. R., and Gvozkjak, J., 1973, Chronic effect of ethanol on the metabolism of myocardium, Biochem. Pharmacol. 2:1807.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, J. L., and Rowlands, D. T., Jr., 1970, Cardiotoxicity of alcohol. An electron microscopic study in the rat, Am. J. Pathol. 60:153.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hartel, G., Louhija, A., and Konttinen, A., 1969, Cardiovascular study of 100 chronic alcoholics, Acta Med. Scand. 185:507.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hibbs, R. G., Ferrans, V. J., Black, W. C., Weilbaecher, D. G., Walsh, J. J., and Burch, G. E., 1965, Alcoholic cardiomyopathy: An electron microscopic study, Am. Heart J. 69:766.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hirose, T., Higashi, R., Ikeda, H., Tamura, K., and Suzuki, T., 1973, Effect of ethanol on adrenaline and noradrenaline secretion of the adrenal gland in the dog, Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 109:85.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hirota, Y., Bing, O. H. L., and Abelmann, W. H., 1976, Effects of ethanol on contraction and relaxation of isolated rat ventricular muscle, J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 8:727.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirst, A. E., Hadley, G. G., and Gore, I., 1965, The effect of chronic alcoholism and cirrhosis of the liver on atherosclerosis, Am. J. Med. Sci. 49:143.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hognestad, J., and Teisberg, P., 1973, Heath pathology in chronic alcoholism, Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. 81:315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hope, R. R., Vallone, T., Scherlag, B. J., Waxman, H., and Lazzara, R., 1978, Effect of alcohol on cardiac electrophysiology, Clin. Res. 6:5A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iseri, L. T., Freed, J., and Bures, A. R., 1975, Magnesium deficiency and cardiac disorders, Am. J. Med. 58:837.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Israel, Y., Rosenmann, E., Hein, S., Colombo, G., and Canessa-Fischer, M., 1971, Effects of alcohol on the nerve cells, in: Biological Basis of Alcoholism (Y. Israel and J. Mordones, eds.), p. 53, Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ito, Y., Suko, J., and Chidsey, C. A., 1974, Intracellular calcium and myocardial contractility. V. Calcium uptake and sarcoplasmic reticulum fractions in hypertrophied and falling rabbit hearts, J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 6:237.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jeffrey, F. E., and Abelmann, W. H., 1971, Recovery from proven shoshin beriberi, Am. J. Med. 50:123.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jesrani, M. U., Gopinathan, K., Khan, M. I., Oldewurtel, H. A., and Regan, T. J., 1971, Acetaldehyde and the myocardial depressant effects of ethanol, Circulation 44(II): 127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joly, J.-G., Feinman, L., Ishii, H., and Lieber, C.S., 1973, Effect of chronic ethanol feeding on hepatic microsomal glycerophosphate acyl transferase activity, J. Lipid Res. 14:337.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, K. L., Smith, D. W., Ulleland, C. N., and Streissguth, P., 1973, Pattern of malformation in offspring of chronic alcoholic mothers, Lancet, 1:1267.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Juchems, R., and Kobe, R., 1969, Hemodynamic effects of ethyl alcohol in man, Am. Heart J. 78:133.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kavaler, F., Hymans, P. S., and Lefkowitz, R. B., 1972, Positive and negative inotropic effects of elevated extracellular potassium level on mammalian ventricular muscle, J. Gen. Physiol. 60:351.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kikuchi, T., and Kako, K. J., 1970, Metabolic effects of ethanol on the rabbit heart, Circ. Res. 6:625.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kirkendol, P. L., Pearson, J. E., Bower, J. D., and Holbert, R. D., 1978, Myocardial depressant effects on sodium acetate, Cardiovasc. Res. 12:127.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klatsky, A. L., Friedman, G. D., and Siegelaub, A. B., 1974, Alcohol consumption before myocardial infarction, Ann. Int. Med. 81:294.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klatsky, A. L., Friedman, G. D., Siegelaub, A. B., and Gerard, M. J., 1977, Alcohol consumption and blood pressure, N. Engl. J. Med. 96:1194.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koide, T., and Ozeki, K., 1974, The incidence of myocardial abnormalities in man related to the level of ethanol consumption, Jpn. Heart J. 15:337.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koide, T., Machida, K., Nakanishi, A., Ozeki, K., Mashima, S., and Kono, H., 1972, Cardiac abnormalities in chronic alcoholism. Evidence suggesting an association of myocardial abnormality with chronic alcoholism in 107 Japanese patients admitted to a psychiatric ward, Jpn. Heart J. 13:418.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Korstein, M. A., Matsuzaki, S., Feinman, L., and Lieber, C.S., 1975, High blood acetaldehyde levels after ethanol administration: Difference between alcoholic and nonalcoholic subjects, N. Engl. J. Med. 92:386.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kostis, J. B., Horstmann, E., Mavrogeorgis, E., Radzius, A, Jr., and Goodkind, M. J., 1973, Effect of alcohol on the ventricular fibrillation threshold in dogs, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 34:1315.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kramer, K., Kuller, L., and Fisher, R., 1968, The increasing mortality attributed to cirrhosis and fatty liver, in Baltimore (1957–1966), Ann. Int. Med. 69:273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leathers, C. W., Bond, M. G., and Rudel, L. L., 1978, Effects of ethanol on dyslipoproteinemia and coronary artery atherosclerosis in non-human primates, Circulation 57, 58(II):77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ledwoch, W., Greeff, K., Heinen, E., and Noack, E., 1979, The influence of chronic potassium deficiency on energy production, calcium metabolism and phospholipid composition of isolated heart mitochondria, J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 11: 77.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leevy, C. M., Baker, H., Ten-Hove, O., Frank, O., and Cherrick, G. R., 1965, B-complex vitamins in liver disease of the alcoholic, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 16:339.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, H. D., 1973, Myocardial fibrosis in constrictive pericarditis: Electrocardiographic and pathologic observations, Circulation 48:1268.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Limas, C.J., Guiha, N. H., Lekagul, O., and Cohn, J. N., 1974, Impaired left ventricular function in alcoholic cirrhosis with ascites, Ineffectiveness of ouabain, Circulation 49:755.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindeneg, O., Mellemgaard, K., Fabricius, J., and Lundquist, F., 1964, Myocardial utilization of acetate, lactate and free fatty acids after ingestion of ethanol, Clin. Sci. 7:427.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Linkola, J., Fyhrquist, F., Nieminen, M. M., Weber, T. H., and Tontti, K., 1976, Renin-aldosterone axis in ethanol intoxication and hangover, Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 6:191.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Linkola, J., Ylikahri, R., Fyhrquist, F., and Wallenius, M., 1978, Plasma vasopressin in ethanol intoxication and hangover, Acta Physiol. Scand. 104:180.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lochner, A., Cowley, R., and Brink, A. J., 1969, Effect of ethanol on metabolism and function of perfused rat heart, Am. Heart J. 78:770.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lumeng, L., and Li, T.-K., 1974, Vitamin B6 metabolism in chronic alcohol abuse, J. Clin. Invest. 53:693.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lunseth, J. H., Olmstead, E. G., and Abboud, F., 1958, A study of heart disease in one hundred eight hospitalized patients dying with portal cirrhosis, AMA Arch. Int. Med. 102:405.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madan, B. R., and Gupta, R. S., 1967, Effect of ethanol in experimental auricular and ventricular arrhythmias, Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 117:683.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maines, J. E., III, and Aldinger, E. E., 1967, Myocardial depression accompanying chronic consumption of alcohol, Am. Heart J. 73:55.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Majchrowicz, E., 1973, Alcohol aldehydes and biogenic animes, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 15:84.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Majchrowicz, E., 1975, Metabolic correlates of ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetate and methanol in humans and animals, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 56:111.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mallov, S., and Cerra, F., 1967, Effect of ethanol intoxication and cate cholamines on cardiac lipoprotein lipase activity in rats, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 156:426.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Manghani, K. K., Ginsburgh, J., Newman, S. P., Bernard, A. G., Lunzer, M. R., and Sherlock, S., 1975, Proceedings: Interference with sympathetic function and catecholamine responsiveness in liver disease, Gut 16:399.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marciniak, M., Gudbjarnason, S., and Bruce, T. A., 1968, The effect of chronic alcohol administration on enzyme profile and glyceride content of heart muscle, brain and liver, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 128:1021.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonald, C. D., Burch, G. E., and Walsh, J. J., 1971, Alcoholic cardiomyopathy managed with prolonged bed rest, Ann. Int. Med. 74:681.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mendelson, J. H., Mello, N. K., and Ellingboe, J., 1977, Effects of acute alcohol intake on pituitary-gonadal hormones in normal human males, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 02:676.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mendelson, J. H., Ogata, M., and Mello, N. K., 1969, Effects of alcohol ingestion and withdrawal on magnesium states of alcoholics: Clinical and experimental findings, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 162:918.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mendoza, L. C., Hellberg, K., Rickart, A., Tillich, G., and Bing, R. J., 1971, The effect of intravenous ethyl alcohol on the coronary circulation and myocardial contractility of the hyman and canine heart, J. Clin. Pharmacol. 11:165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mierzwiak, D. S., Wildenthal, K., and Mitchell, J. H., 1972, Acute effects of ethanol on the left ventricle in dogs, Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. 199:43.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morin, Y., and Daniel, P., 1967, Quebec beer-drinkers cardiomyopathy: Etiological considerations, Can. Med. Assoc. J. 97:926.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Musacchio, J., Kopin, I. J., and Snuder, S., 1964, Effects of disulfiram on tissue norepinephrine content and subcellular distribution of dopamine, tyramine and their ß-hydroxylated metabolites, Life Sci. 3:769.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, A., and Dewar, H. A., 1975, Circumstances attending 100 sudden deaths from coronary artery disease with coroner’s necropsides, Br. Heart J. 37:1133.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakano, J., and Kessinger, J. M., 1972, Cardiovascular effects of ethanol, its congeners and synthetic bourbon in dogs, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 17:195.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakano, J., Holloway, J. E., and Schackford, J. S., 1969, Effects of disulfiram on the cardiovascular responses to ethanol in dogs and guinea pigs, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 14:439.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neely, J. R., Rovetto, M. J., and Oram, J. F., 1972, Myocardial utilization of carbohydrate and lipids, Progr. Cardiovasc. Dis. 15:289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neville, J. N., Eagles, J. A., Sampson, G., and Olson, R. E., 1968, The nutritional status of alcoholics, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1:1329.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Newman, W. H., and Valicenti, J. E., Jr., 1971, Ventricular function following acute alcohol administration: A strain-gauge analysis of depressed ventricular dynamics, Am. Heart J. 81:61.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nutrient Requirements of Dogs: A Report of the Committee on Animal Nutrition, 1962, N. A. S.-N. R. C. Publ. No. 989:No 8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orlando J., Aronow, W. S., Cassidy, J., and Prakash, R., 1976, Effect of ethanol on angina pectoris, Ann. Int. Med. 84:652.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pachinger, O. M., Tillmanns, H., Mao, J. C., Fauvel, J.-M, and Bing, R. J., 1973, The effect of prolonged administration of ethanol on cardiac metabolism and performance in the dog, J. Clin. Invest. 52:2690.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, S. L., Thompson, J. A., and Reitz, R. C., 1974, Effects of chronic ethanol ingestion upon Acyl-CoA carnitine acyltransferase in liver and heart, Lipids 9:520.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paradise, R. R., and Stoelting, V., 1965, Conversion of acetyl strophanthidin-induced ventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm by ethyl alcohol, Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 157:321.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parving, H. H., Ranek, L., and Lessen, N. A. 1977, Increased transcapillary escape rate of albumin in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 37:643.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pell, S., and D’Alonzo, C. A., 1973, A five year mortality study of alcoholics, J. Occup. Med. 15:120.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peng, T., and Gitelman, H. J., 1974, Ethanol-induced hypocalcemia, hypermagnesemia and inhibition of the serum calcium raising effects of parathyroid hormone in rats, Endocrinology 94:608.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peng, T., Cooper, C. W., and Munson, P. L., 1972, The hypocalcemic effect of ethyl alcohol in rats and dogs, Endocrinology 91:586.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, G. B., 1977, Relationship between serum sex hormones and glucose, insulin, and lipid abnormalities in men with myocardial infarction, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 74:1729.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pitt, B., Sugishita, Y., Green, H. L., and Friesinger, G. C., 1970, Coronary hemodynamic effects of ethyl alcohol in the conscious dog, Am. J. Physiol. 19:175.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, W. J., Jr., and Klatskin, G., 1968, Duration of survival in patients with Laennec’s cirrhosis, Am. J. Med. 44:406.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Puskin, S., and Rubin, E., 1975, Adenosine diphosphate effect on contractility of human muscle actomyosin: Inhibition by ethanol and acetaldehyde, Science 188:1319.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reeves, J. G., and Newman, W. H., 1972, Cardiovascular responses to hemorrhage after alcohol in dogs, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 33:464.

    Google Scholar 

  • Regan, T. J., 1971, Ethyl alcohol and the heart, Circulation 44:957.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Regan, T. J., Koroxenidis, G. T., Moschos, C. B., Oldewurtel, H. A., Lehan, P. H., and Hellems, H. K., 1966, The acute metabolic and hemodynamic responses of the left ventricle to ethanol, J. Clin. Invest. 45:270.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Regan, T. J., Levinson, G. E., Oldewurtel, H. A., Frank, M. J., Weisse, A. B., and Moschos, C. B., 1969, Ventricular function in noncardiacs with alcoholic fatty liver: The role of ethanol in the production of cardiomyopathy, J. Clin. Invest. 48:397.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Regan, T. J., Passannante, A. J., Oldewurtel, H. A., Burke, W. M., and Ettinger, P. O., 1972, Cardiac metabolism of triglyceride, acetate and oleate early after 1-norepinephrine injury, J. Appl. Physiol. 33:325.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Regan, T. J., Khan, M. I., Jesrani, M. U., Oldewurtel, H. A., and Ettinger, P. O. 1973, Alterations of myocardial function and metabolism in chronic diabetes mellitus, in: Myocardial Metabolism (N. S. Dhalla, ed.), pp. 169–178, University Park Press, Baltimore, Md.

    Google Scholar 

  • Regan, T. J., Khan, M. I., Ettinger, P. O., Haider, B., Lyons, M. M., and Oldewurtel, H. A., 1974, Myocardial function and lipid metabolism in the chronic alcoholic animal, J. Clin. Invest. 54:740.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Regan, T. J., Wu, C. F., Weisse, A. B., Moschos, C. B., Ahmed, S. S., Lyons, M. M., and Haider, B., 1975, Acute myocardial infarction in toxic cardiomyopathy without coronary obstruction, Circulation 51:453.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reitz, R. C., Helsabeck, W., and Mason, D. P., 1973, Effects of chronic alcohol ingestion in the fatty acid composition of the heart, Lipids 8:80.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Retig, J. N., Kirchberger, M. A., Rubin, E., and Katz, A. M., 1977, Effects of ethanol on calcium transport by microsomes phosphorylate by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, Biochem. Pharmacol. 6:393.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Riff, D. P., Jain, A. C., and Doyle, J. T., 1969, Acute hemodynamic effects of ethanol on normal volunteers, Am. Heart J. 78:592.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rissanen, V., 1974, Coronary and aortic atherosclerosis in chronic alcoholics, Z. Rechtsmed. 75:183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roach, M. K., and Creaven, P. J., 1968, A micro-method for the determination of acetaldehyde and ethanol in blood, Clin. Chim. Acta 1:275.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sarma, J. S. M., Shigeaki, I., Fischer, R., Maruyama, Y., Weishaar, R., and Bing, R. J., 1967, Biochemical and contractile properties of heart muscle after prolonged alcohol administration, J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 8:951.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sauter, A. M., Boss, D., and von Wartburg, J. P., 1977, Reevaluation of the disulfiram-alcohol reaction in man, J. Stud. Alcohol 38:1680.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schenk, E. A., and Cohen, J., 1970, The heart in chronic alcoholism, Pathol. Microbiol. 35:96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, F. H., 1974, Effects of length of exposure to and concentration of acetaldehyde on the release of catecholamines, Biochem. Pharmacol. 3:223.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schomerus, H., Buchta, I., and Arndt, H., 1975, Pulmonary function studies and oxygen transfer in patients with liver cirrhosis and different degree of portal-systemic encephalopathy, Respiration 32:1.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schreiber, S. S., Briden, K., Oratz, M., and Rothschild, M. A., 1973, Ethanol, acetaldehyde and myocardial protein synthesis, J. Clin. Invest. 51:2820.

    Google Scholar 

  • Segal, J. P., Harvey, W. P., and Stapleton, J. F., 1973, Clinical features and natural history of cardiomyopathy, in: Myocardial Disease (N. O. Fowler, ed.), pp. 37–57, Grune & Stratton, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Segel, L. D., Rendig, S. V., Choquet, Y., Chacko, K., Amsterdam, E. A., and Mason, D. T., 1975, Effects of chronic graded ethanol consumption on the metabolism, ultrastructure, and mechanical function of the rat heart, Cardiovasc. Res. 9:649.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sherwin, R., Joshi, P., Hendler, R., Felig, P., and Conn, H. O., 1974, Hypoerglucagonemia in Laennec’s cirrhosis. The role of portal-systemic shunting, N. Engl. J. Med. 90:239.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, J. H., Greenspan, M., Cohn, J. D., and Del Guercio, L. R. M., 1968, The prognostic implications of altered physiology in operation for portal hypertension, Surg. Gyn. Obs. (February) 126:249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spodick, D. H., Pigott, V. M., and Chirife, R., 1972, Preclinical cardiac malfunction in chronic alcoholism. Comparison with matched normal controls and with alcoholic cardiomyopathy, N. Engl. J. Med. 87:677.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Subbiah, M. T. R., 1977, Ethanol and atherosclerosis: Effect of chronic ethanol ingestion on plasma cholesterol, cholesterol excretion, and aortic cholesterol accumulation in spontaneously atherosclerosis-susceptible pigeons, Artery 3:495.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, J., Parker, M., and Carson, S. B., 1968, Tissue cobalt content in “beer drinkers” my-ocardiopathy, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 71:893.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sundby, P., 1967, Alcoholism and mortality, in: Universitietsforlaget (Alcohol Research in the Northern Countries), publication 6, National Institute for Alcohol Research, Stockholm, University Center for Alcohol Study, New Brunswick, N. J.

    Google Scholar 

  • Surawicz, B., 1971, Ventricular fibrillation, Am. J. Cardiol. 8:268.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Symbas, P. N., Tyras, D. H., Ware, R. F., and Baldwin, B. J., 1972, Alteration of cardiac function by hemodialysis during experimental alcohol intoxication, Circulation Suppl. 46(2):227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Talbott, G. D., 1975, Primary alcoholic heart disease, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 52:237.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, G., Haider, B., Oldewurtel, H. A., and Regan, T. J., 1980, Progression of myocardial abnormalities in chronic alcoholism, Am. J. Cardiol. 46:233.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vasdev, S. C., Chakravarti, R. N., Subrahmanyam, D., Jain, A. C., and Wahi, P. L., 1975, Myocardial lesions induced by prolonged alcohol feeding in rhesus monkeys, Cardiovasc. Res. 8:134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, P. I., 1965, Beriberi heart disease: Physiologic data and difficulties in diagnosis, Am. Heart J. 69:200.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, M. J., Hollander, P. B., and Truitt, E. B., Jr., 1969, Sympathomimetic effects of acetal-dehyde on the electrical and contractile characteristics of isolated left atria of guinea pigs, Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 167:173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weishaar, R., Sarm, J. S. M., Maruyama, Y., Fischer, R., Bertuglia, S., and Bing, R. J., 1977, Reversibility of mitochondrial and contractile changes in the myocardium after cessation of prolonged ethanol intake, Am. J. Cardiol. 40:556.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wendt, V. E., Ajluni, R., Bruce, T. A., Prasad, A. S., and Bing, R. J., 1966, Acute effects of alcohol on the human myocardium. Am. J. Cardiol. 17:804.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wenger, N. J., and Bauer, S., 1958, Coronary embolism, Am. J. Med. 5:549.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Whereat, A. F., and Orishimo, M. W., 1969, Effects of fasting and diabetes on fatty acid synthesis by heart mitochondria, Am. J. Physiol. 17:998.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wiberg, G. S., Munro, I. C., Meranger, J. C., Morrison, A. B., Grice, H. C., and Heggtveit, H. A., 1969, Factors affecting the cardiotoxic potential of cobalt, Clin. Toxicol. :257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilhelmsen, L., Wedel, H., and Tibblin, G., 1973, Multivariate analysis of risk factors for coronary heart disease, Circulation 43:950.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, E. S., and Li, T.-K., 1977, The effect of chronic alcohol administration on fatty acid metabolism and pyruvate of heart mitochondria, J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 9:1003.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, J. R., 1964, Effects of insulin and starvation on the metabolism of acetate and pyruvate by the perfused rat heart, Biochem. J. 93:97.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wong, M., 1973, Depression of cardiac performance by ethanol unmasked during autonomic blockade, Am. Heart J. 86:508.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, J., Merry, J., Fry, D., and Marks, V., 1976, Pituitary function in chronic alcoholism, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 59:253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, C. F., Sudhakar, M., Jaferi, G., Ahmed, S. S., and Regan, T. J., 1976, Preclinical cardiomyopathy in chronic alcoholics: A sex difference, Am. Heart J. 91:281.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zeiner, A. R., Paredes, A., and Christensen, H. D., 1979, The role of acetaldehyde in mediating reactivity to an acute dose of ethanol among different racial groups, Alcoholism: Clin. Exp. Res. 3:11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zuguibe, F. T., 1970, The carbohydrates, in: Diagnostic Histochemistry (F. T. Zugibe, ed.), pp. 61–92, Mosby, St. Louis, Mo.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, 07103, USA

    Timothy J. Regan, S. Sultan Ahmed & Philip O. Ettinger

Authors
  1. Timothy J. Regan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Sultan Ahmed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Philip O. Ettinger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Yedy Israel , Frederick B. Glaser , Harold Kalant , Robert E. Popham , Wolfgang Schmidt  & Reginald G. Smart , , , ,  & 

  2. University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Yedy Israel , Frederick B. Glaser , Harold Kalant , Robert E. Popham , Wolfgang Schmidt  & Reginald G. Smart , , , ,  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1981 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Regan, T.J., Ahmed, S.S., Ettinger, P.O. (1981). Cardiovascular Consequences of Acute and Chronic Ethanol Use. In: Israel, Y., Glaser, F.B., Kalant, H., Popham, R.E., Schmidt, W., Smart, R.G. (eds) Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7740-9_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7740-9_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-7742-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-7740-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation