Abstract
The introduction of lasers in the Soviet Union into various fields of science and technology, including biology and medicine, was greatly stimulated by the fact that the USSR was one of the two countries, the other being the USA, where the theoretical foundations of laser science were laid. It was as long ago as 1940 that the Soviet physicist Fabrikant observed that the intensity of light can be increased by making use of the phenomenon of induced or stimulated emission. In 1954, Basov and Prokhorov developed the principles underlying the use of induced emission of quantum systems for the generation and intensification of electromagnetic waves. At the same time, the work of Townes and his collaborators (Gordon et al.,1954, 1955), in which a molecular quantum generator of electromagnetic radiation on ammonia molecules was described, was published in the USA. For their fundamental researches in the field of quantum radiophysics, Basov and Prokhorov were awarded a Lenin Prize, the highest Soviet honor awarded for advances in the field of science and technology, in 1959.
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References
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Gamaleya, N.F. (1977). Laser Biomedical Research in the USSR. In: Wolbarsht, M.L. (eds) Laser Applications in Medicine and Biology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7326-5_1
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