Abstract
The tracheal system is unique in the animal kingdom, as gas exchanges occur directly between the tissues and the air in the tracheal tubes without any noticeable contribution by the blood. The tubes are inward invaginations of the body surface, being continuous with the integument at the spiracular openings.
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Noirot, C., Noirot-Timothée, C. (1982). The Structure and Development of the Tracheal System. In: King, R.C., Akai, H. (eds) Insect Ultrastructure. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7266-4_12
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