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Cross-Cultural Differences in Lactational Performance

  • Chapter
Human Lactation 2

Abstract

In 1974 the Dunn Nutrition Unit began parallel studies of lactational performance in the rural village of Keneba, The Gambia and in the affluent university city of Cambridge, England. Our interest was focussed on lactation by the fact that infants in The Gambia entered a period of severe weight faltering at 2–3 months of age when compared to standard growth curves1, and that this faltering started before the introduction of weaning foods and before infectious diseases became common in the children. Waterlow2,3 reviewed a number of other studies from developing countries and concluded that they all showed a similar pattern of faltering growth in the second or third month of life. When viewed in the light of Whitehead’s calculations that on average the amount of breast-milk produced by a well-nourished mother should be sufficient to support her infant for 4–6 months, this growth faltering in the developing world suggested that such children were receiving insufficient breast-milk even in the first few months of life4,5. This conclusion was reinforced by the published data on milk intakes which showed a striking difference between the reported values for exclusively breast-fed infants from affluent and developing countries at 3 months of age (Figure 1). Although it was recognised that many of the very high values were obtained from professional wet-nurses such values encouraged the belief that mean outputs in excess of 1 litre per day should be easily achievable in well-fed women.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dunn Nutrition Unit, Milton Road, Cambridge, UK

    Andrew Prentice, Alison Paul, Ann Prentice, Alison Black, Tim Cole & Roger Whitehead

  2. Keneba, The Gambia

    Andrew Prentice, Alison Paul, Ann Prentice, Alison Black, Tim Cole & Roger Whitehead

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  1. Andrew Prentice
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  1. Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA

    Margit Hamosh

  2. University of Texas, Galveston, Texas, USA

    Armond S. Goldman

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Prentice, A., Paul, A., Prentice, A., Black, A., Cole, T., Whitehead, R. (1986). Cross-Cultural Differences in Lactational Performance. In: Hamosh, M., Goldman, A.S. (eds) Human Lactation 2. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7207-7_2

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