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Evolutionary Biology pp 1–34Cite as

Chromosome, DNA and Plant Evolution

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Abstract

The past ten years have seen a remarkable rejuvenation in chromosome cytology. Cytologists are justified in distinguishing between the Old Karyology, which was concerned chiefly with chromosomes as taxonomic markers and with chromosome changes that influence genetic systems through their effects on linkage and recombination, and the New Karyology, which has a much broader base. Chromosomes are now recognized to be not only the carriers of genes in a linear sequence, but simultaneously they are highly complex organelles that contain many diverse mechanisms for controlling cellular proliferation, cell enlargement, and the differential action of genes during development. Some of these mechanisms are based upon the diverse nature of DNA with respect to both structure and function, while others, perhaps the majority of them, reside in the diverse proteins that are complexed with DNA to form the chromatin of chromosomes. These include both the histones, which are associated with the condensation of chromatin and nonspecific repression of DNA transcription (Arbuzova et al., 1968), and a much larger and more diverse assemblage of acidic proteins that perform a variety of functions, including specific activation of transcription (Cameron and Jeter, 1974; Stein et al., 1975ab). Consequently, a new concept that is highly relevant to evolutionists as well as to biologists in general is that of the nucleotype (Bennett, 1972, 1974). This includes not only the genic DNA, but in addition the entire battery of control systems that are built into the nucleus of eukaryote cells. The objective of the present paper is to review current knowledge of the nucleotype in plants, to point out its significance for understanding plant evolution, and to suggest the most promising lines of research for increasing our understanding of the role of the nucleotype in evolution.

The material upon which this review is based was presented at Symposia of the XII International Botanical Congress, Leningrad, July, 1975.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics, University of California, Davis, California, USA

    G. Ledyard Stebbins

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  1. G. Ledyard Stebbins
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  1. Department of Biology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA

    Max K. Hecht

  2. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, USA

    William C. Steere

  3. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

    Bruce Wallace

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© 1976 Plenum Press, New York

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Stebbins, G.L. (1976). Chromosome, DNA and Plant Evolution. In: Hecht, M.K., Steere, W.C., Wallace, B. (eds) Evolutionary Biology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6950-3_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6950-3_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

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