Abstract
In this chapter we shall deal with the following nine orders: Plecoptera, Embioptera, Dictyoptera, Isoptera, Grylloblattodea, Dermaptera, Phasmida, Orthoptera, and Zoraptera. Members of these orders can be distinguished from other exopterygotes [the hemipteroid orders (Chapter 8)] by the following features: generalized biting mouthparts, wing venation usually well developed with numerous crossveins (though less netlike than that of Paleoptera), cerci present, terminalia of male may be asymmetrical and reduced, many Malpighian tubules, and generalized nervous system with several discrete abdominal ganglia.
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Gillott, C. (1980). The Orthopteroid Orders. In: Entomology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6918-3_7
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