Abstract
The paper discusses the requirements of a material for implantation in body tissues and deals briefly with the shortcomings of some traditional materials in this application. The silicone rubbers are then introduced, and attention is drawn to properties, peculiar to these rubbers, which makes them highly suitable for biological implantation. Extensive reference is made to many examples of such implantation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
J.T. Scales, Discussion on metals and synthetic materials in relation to soft tissues; tissue reaction to synthetic materials, Proc. roy. Soc. Med., 46, 647, 1953.
R.I. Leininger, V. Mirkovitch, A. Peters, and W.A. Hawks, Change in properties of plastics during implantation. Unpublished paper presented at American Society for Artificial Internal Organs, 1964.
A.C. Speirs, and R. Blocksma, New implantable silicone rubbers, Plast. reconstr. Surg., 31, 166, 1963.
. C.A.L. Bassett and J.B. Campbell, Keeping Silastic sterile, The Bulletin (Dow Corning Center for Aid to Medical Research), 2, 5, 1960.
F.E. Nulsen and E.B. Spitz, Treatment of hydrocephalus by direct shunt from ventricle to jugular vein. Surgical Forum, 2, 399, 1952.
R.H. Pudenz, F.E. Russell, A.H. Hurd, and C.H. Shelden, Ventriculo-auriculostomy: Technique for shunting cerebrospinal fluid into the right auricle, J. Neurosurg., 14, 171, 1957.
W.M. Chardack and W. Greatbach, A transitorized, self contained, implantable pacemaker for the long term correction of complete heart block, Surgery, 48, 634, 1960.
J.C. Schuder, H.E. Stephenson, Jr. and J.F. Townsend, High-level electromagnetic energy transfer through a closed chest wall, Inst. Radio Engrs. International Convention Record, Part 9, pp. 119–126, 1961.
S. Levitsky, W.L. Glenn, A. Mauro, L. Eisenberg and P.W. Smith, Long-term stimulation of the heart with radio-frequency transmission, Surgery, 52, 64, 1962.
H.I. Jacoby, P. Bass and D.R. Bennett, In vivo extraluminal contractile force transducer for gastrointestinal muscle, Amer. J. appl. Physiol., 18, 658–665, 1963.
E.J. McCoy, and P. Bass, Chronic electrical activity of gastroduodenal area: effects of food and certain catecholamines, Amer. J. Physiol., 205, 439–445, 1963.
J.B. Brown, M.P. Fryer, P. Randall and M. Lu, Silicones in plastic surgery, Plast. reconstr. Surg., 12, 374, 1953.
J.B. Brown, M.P. Fryer and M. Lu, Polyvinyl and silicone compounds as subcutaneous prostheses, Amer. Med. Assoc. Arch. Surg., 68, 744, 1954.
. J.B. Brown, D.A. Ohlwiler and M.P. Fryer, Investigation of and use of dimethyl siloxanes, halogenated carbons, and polyvinyl alcohol as subcutaneous prostheses, Ann. Surg., 152, 534, 1960.
J.B. Brown, Editorial: Studies of silicones and Teflon as subcutaneous prostheses, Plast. reconstr. Surg., 28, 86, 1961.
J.B. Brown, M.P. Fryer, D.A. Ohlwiler and P. Kollias, Dimethylsiloxane and halogenated carbons as subcutaneous prostheses, Amer. Surg., 28, 146, 1962.
J.B. Brown, M.P. Fryer, P. Kollias, D.A. Ohlwiler and J.B. Templeton, Silicone and Teflon prostheses, including full jaw substitution: Laboratory and clinical studies of Etheron, Ann. Surg., 157, 932, 1963.
F.A. Marzoni, S.E. Upchurch and C.J. Lambert, An experimental study of silicone as a soft tissue substitute, Plast. reconstr. Surg., 24, 600–608, 1959.
M.L. Parkes, Chin implants with a new plastic compound, Arch. Otolaryng., 75, 429, 1962.
W.G. Everett and M.C. Scharrer, A new type silicone rod for scleral buckling, Trans. Amer. Acad. Ophthal. Otolaryng., 65, 197, 1961.
H.J. Breslin, A new implant for retinal detachment surgery, Arch. Ophthal., February, 290–292, 1963.
G. Clark, Scleral buckling procedures, The Bulletin (Dow Corning Center for Aid to Medical Research), 3, 6, 1961.
C.L. Schepens, I.D. Okamura, R. Brockhurst and C.D.J. Regan, Scleral buckling procedures--V: Synthetic sutures and silicone implants, Arch. Ophthal., 64, 868, 1960.
. P.A. Cibis, B. Becker, E. Okun and S. Canaan, The use of liquid silicone in retinal detachment surgery, The Bulletin (Dow Corning Center for Aid to Medical Research), 4, 13, 1962.
M.F. Armaly, Ocular tolerance to silicones—I: Replacement of aqueous and vitreous by silicone fluids, Arch. Ophthal., 68, 390, 1962.
A. Starr and M.L. Edwards, Mitral replacements: Clinical experience with a ball valve prosthesis. Ann. Surg., 154, 726, 1961.
J.Ch. Reidemeister and F.J. Segger, Tierexperimentelle Prufung der Segger-Gerbode-Klappe als Pulmonalisklappenersatz. Unpublished paper presented at Deutschen Gesellshaft fur Chirurgie, Munchen, April 1964.
C.A. Hufnagel, P.W. Conrad, The direct approach to the correction of aortic insufficiency. J. Amer. med. Assoc., 178, 275, 1961.
T. Akutsu, V. Mirkovitch, S.R. Topaz and W.J. Kolff, Silastic sac type of artificial heart and its use in calves, Trans. Amer. Soc. Art. Int. Organs, 9, 281, 1963.
Z.E. Taheri, Silicone dura substitute, The Bulletin (Dow Corning Center for Aid to Medical Research), 5, 4, 1963.
E.B. Diethrich, Silastic silicone rubber tubing for blood flow, The Bulletin (Dow Corning Center for Aid to Medical Research), 5, 6, 1963.
J.F. Wilkinson, G.G. Freeman, N. New and R.B. Noad, Silicone-rubber tubing in blood transfusion work, Lancet, September 22, 621–624, 1956.
R.D. Stewart and C. Sanislow, Silastic intravenous catheter, New Engl. J. Med., 265, 1283–1285, 1961.
T. Kolobow and R.L. Bowman, Construction and evaluation of an alveolar membrane artificial heart-lung, Trans. Amer. Soc. Art. Int. Organs, 9, 238, 1963.
B. Bodell, J. Head, L. Head and A. Formolo, Oxygen flow through capillary Silastic tubing as a principle for a membrane oxygenator. Quart. Bull. Northw. Univ. med. School., 36, 94–99, 1962.
L. Allen and H. Webster, Facial construction prostheses, The Bulletin (Dow Corning Center for Aid to Medical Research), 3, 7, 1961.
G.W. Barnhart, A new material and technic in the art of somato-prostheses, J. dent. Res., 39, 836–844, 1960.
L.P. McCarty, Silastic silicone rubber in physiological and pharmacological investigations, The Bulletin (Dow Corning Center for Aid to Medical Research), 4, 12, 1962.
H. Conway and D. Goulian, Experience with an injectable Silastic RTV as a subcutaneous prosthetic material, Plast. reconstr. Surg., 32, 294, 1963.
R. Blocksma, Correction of velopharyngeal insufficiency by Silastic pharyngeal implant, Plast. reconstr. Surg., 31, 268, 1963.
W.E. Quinton, D.H. Dillard, J.J. Cole and B.H. Scribner, Eight months experience with Silastic-Teflon bypass cannulas, Trans. Amer. Soc. Art. Int. Organs, 8, 236, 1962.
J. Folkman and D.M. Long, The use of silicone rubber as a carrier for prolonged drug therapy, J. Surg. Res., 4, 139–142, 1964.
F.J. Gerow, M. Spira, S.B. Hardy and S.W. Law, Silicone Immersion Treatment of the Severely Burned Patient, Presented at the Third International Congress of Plastic Surgery, Washington, D.C., October 1963.
J. Hunter, Unpublished paper presented at Symposium for Restoration of Function to the Hand, Cornell Univ., March 1964.
R.E. Carroll and C.A.L. Bassett, Formation of tendon sheath by silicone rod implant, Unpublished paper presented at the Eighteenth Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand, January 1963.
F.L. Ashley, D.V. McConnell, T. Polak, R.S. Stone and L. Marmor, An evaluation of the healing process in avian digital flexor tendons and grafts following the application of an artificial tendon sheath, Plast. reconstr. Surg., 33, 5, 1964.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1965 Pergamon Press
About this paper
Cite this paper
Braley, S. (1965). The Silicones as Tools in Biological Engineering. In: Stark, L., Agarwal, G. (eds) Biomaterials. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6555-0_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6555-0_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-6557-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-6555-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive