Abstract
In the behavior patterns of some animals, bouts of activity and rest alternate with a higher frequency than once per day. Such patterns (Figure 1) have been termed polyphasic (Szy-manski, 1920) as opposed to monophasic activity patterns. This distinction represents the artificial dichotomy of a continuum with a single solid daily block of activity at one extreme, through bimodal distributions to high-frequency patterns in which circadian components can no longer be discerned. These short-term rhythms differ from the circarhythms in that they do not correspond with any known environmental periodicity. However, they sometimes display strikingly precise oscillatory features and cannot be overlooked as an important ingredient in the temporal organization of behavior.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Altman, S. A. Field observations on a howling monkey society. Journal of Mammalogy, 1959, 40, 317–330.
Aschoff, J. Spontane lokomotorische Aktivität. Handbuch der Zoologie, 1962, 8(11), 1–76.
Aschoff, J., and Wever, R. Biologische Rhythmen und Regelung. Bad Oeynhausener Gespräche, 1961, 5, 1–15.
Bash, K. W. An investigation into a possible organic basis for the hunger drive. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 1939, 28, 109–133.
Bubenik, A. N. Le rhythme nycthéméral et le regime journalier des ongulés sauvages. Problèmes théoriques. Rhythme d’activité du chevreuil. Mammalia, 1960, 24, 1–58.
Crowcroft, P. The daily cycle of activity in British shrews. Proceedings of the Zoological Society (London), 1954, 123, 715–729.
Daan, S., and Slopsema, S. Short term rhythms in foraging behavior of the common vole, Microtus arvalis. Journal of Comparative Physiology, 1978, 127, 215–227.
Davis, D. H. S. Rhythmic activity in the short-tailed vole, Microtus. Journal of Animal Ecology, 1933, 2, 232–238.
Delgado-Garcia, J. M., Grau, C., DeFeudis, P., DelPozo, F., Jimenez, J. M., and Delgado, J. M. R. Ultradian rhythms in the mobility and behavior of rhesus monkeys. Experimental Brain Research, 1976, 25, 79–91.
Drent, R. H. Incubation. In D. S. Farner and J. R. King (Eds.), Avian Biology. Vol. 5. New York: Academic Press, 1975, pp. 333–420.
Erkinaro, E. Der Phasenwechsel der lokomotorischen Aktivität bei Microtus agrestis (L.), M. arvalis (Pall.) and M. oeconomous (pall.). Aquilo, Series Zoologica, 1969, 8, 1–31.
Erkinaro, E. Short-term rhythm of locomotor activity within the 24 hr. period in the Norwegian lemming, Lemmus lemmus and watervole Arvicola terrestris. Aquilo, Series Zoologica, 1973, 14, 46–58.
Gebzcynski, M. Seasonal and age changes in the metabolism and activity of Sorex arameus Linnaeus, 1758. Acta Theriologica, 1965, 10, 303–331.
Hughes, G. P., and Reid, D. Studies on the behaviour of cattle and sheep in relation to the utilization of grass. Journal of Agricultural Science, 1951, 41, 360–366.
Klein, R., and Armitage, R. Rhythms in human performance: 1/2-hour oscillations in cognitive style. Science, 1979, 204, 1326–1328.
Kleitman, N. Sleep and Wakefulness. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963.
Kleitman, N., and Engelman, T. G. Sleep characteristics of infants. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1953, 6, 269–282.
Kluyver, H. N. Daily routines of the great tit, Parus m. major L. Ardea, 1950, 38, 99–135.
Lehmann, U. Short-term and circadian rhythms in the behaviour of the vole, Microtus agrestis (L.). Oecologia, 1976a, 23, 185–199.
Lehmann, U. Stochastic principles in the temporal control of activity behaviour. International Journal ofChron-obiology, 1976b, 4, 233–266.
Magnen, J. le. Habits and food intake. In C. F. Code and W. Heidel (Eds.), Handbook of Physiology, Section 6. Alimentary Canal. Vol. 1. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1967, pp. 11–30.
Mossing, T. Measuring small mammal locomotory activity with passage counters. Oikos, 1975, 26, 237–239.
Stahl, W. R. Similarity and dimensional methods in biology. Science, 1962, 137, 205–212.
Szymanski, J. S. Aktivität und Ruhe bei Tieren und Menschen. Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Physiologie, 1920, 18, 105–162.
Wiegert, R. G. Respiratory energy loss and activity patterns in the meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus. Ecology, 1961, 42, 245–252.
Wilke, J. T. Ultradian biological periodicities in the integration of behavior. International Journal of Neuroscience, 1977, 7, 125–143.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1981 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Daan, S., Aschoff, J. (1981). Short-Term Rhythms in Activity. In: Aschoff, J. (eds) Biological Rhythms. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6552-9_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6552-9_25
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-6554-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-6552-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive