Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Near-Field Far-Field Antenna Measurements

  • Chapter
Antenna Handbook

Abstract

Over the past 15 years major efforts in antenna measurement studies have been invested in improving measurement accuracy and shortening the required test distance. It is interesting to note that some of the techniques seem to have managed to meet both objectives. As a result these techniques, in particular the scanning techniques and the compact range, have been implemented in various forms on several test ranges.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. J. Appel-Hansen, ed., Antenna Measurements, FN 36, vols. I and II, Electromagnetics Institute, Technical Univ. of Denmark, Lyngby, October 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  2. A. W. Rudge, K. Milne, A. D. Olver, and P. Knight, eds., The Handbook of Antenna Design, chapter 8, Stevenage, Herts., UK: Peter Peregrinus, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  3. S. Silver, ed., Microwave Antenna Theory and Design, MIT Radiation Lab Series, vol. 12, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1949, pp. 92–95.

    Google Scholar 

  4. IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Antennas,” IEEE Std. 149–1979,pp. 18–20, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  5. J. D. Dyson, “Measurement of near fields of antennas and scatterers,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. AP-21, no. 4, pp. 446–460, July 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. D. M. Kerns and E. S. Dayhoff, “Theory of diffraction in microwave interferometry,” J. Res. NBS B, Mathematics and Mathematical Physics, vol. 64B, no. 1, pp. 1–13, January—March 1960.

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. D. M. Kerns, “Plane-wave scattering-matrix theory of antennas and antenna-antenna interactions,” NBS Monograph 162, National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, June 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  8. J. Brown and E. V. Jull, “The prediction of aerial radiation patterns from near-field measurements,” Proc. IEE, vol. 109B, pap. no. 3649 E, pp. 635–644, November 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  9. F. Jensen, “Electromagnetic near-field—far-field correlations,” LD 15, Electromagnetics Institute, Technical Univ. of Denmark, July 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  10. W. M. Leach, Jr., and D. T. Paris, “Probe compensated near-field measurements on a cylinder,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. AP-21, no. 4, pp. 435–445, July 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. A. D. Yaghjian, “Near-field antenna measurements on a cylindrical surface: a source scattering matrix formulation,” NBS Tech. Note 696, National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, September 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  12. P. F. Wacker, “Non-planar near-field measurements: spherical scanning,” NBSIR 75809, National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, June 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  13. F. H. Larsen, “Probe correction of spherical near-field measurements,” Electron. Lett., vol. 13, no. 14, pp. 393–395, July 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. J. Appel-Hansen, “On cylindrical near-field scanning techniques,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. AP-28, no. 2, pp. 231–234, March 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  15. P. F. Wacker, “Plane-radial scanning techniques with probe correction; natural orthogonalities with respect to summation on planar measurement lattices,” 1979 Intl. Syrup. Dig. IEEE Antennas Propag. Soc., vol. 2, pp. 561–564, Seattle, June 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Y. Rahmat-Samii, V. Galindo-Israel, and R. Mittra, “A plane-polar approach for far-field construction from near-field measurements,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. AP-28, no. 2, pp. 216–230, March 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  17. A. D. Yaghjian, “Upper-bound errors in far-field antenna parameters determined from planar near-field measurements,” NBS Tech. Note 667, Part I: Analysis, National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, October 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  18. E. B. Joy and D. T. Paris, “Spatial sampling and filtering in near-field measurements,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. AP-20, no. 3, pp. 253–261, May 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. J. Appel-Hansen, “Error signals in antenna and scattering measurements,” CPEM Dig. 1982, pp. F4–6, Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, June 28-July 1, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  20. J. Appel-Hansen, “Reflectivity level of radio anechoic chambers,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. AP-21, no. 4, pp. 490–498, July 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  21. K. R. Carver and A. C. Newell, “A comparison of independent far-field and near-field measurements of large spaceborne planar arrays with controlled surface deformations,” 1979 Intl. Symp. Dig. IEEE Antennas Propag. Soc., vol. 2, pp. 494–497, Seattle, June 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  22. J. Appel-Hansen, F. Jensen, and A. C. Ludwig, “SAR antenna test techniques,” TICRA ApS Rep. S-117–02, Copenhagen, January 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  23. J. H. Lemanczyk, “Calibration report P-band standard gain horn Scientific-Atlanta Model 12–12 SN215,” R 265, Electromagnetics Institute, Technical Univ. of Denmark, Lyngby, September 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  24. L. Clayton, Jr., and J. S. Hollis, “Calculation of microwave antenna radiation patterns by the Fourier integral method,” The Essay, no. 1, Scientific-Atlanta, Inc., March 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  25. J. Borowick, A. E. Holley, W. Lange, R. Cummings, and R. W. Howard, “A near field antenna measurement system,” CPEM Dig. 1982, p. F-I0, Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, June 28-July 1, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  26. P. F. Wacker and A. C. Newell, “Advantages and disadvantages of planar, circular cylindrical, and spherical scanning and description of the NBS antenna scanning facilities,” ESA Preprint SP127, pp. 115–121, Workshop on Antenna Testing Techniques held at ESTEC, European Space Agency, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, June 6–8, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  27. E. B. Joy, W. M. Leach, Jr., G. P. Rodrigue, and D. T. Paris, “Application of probe-compensated near-field measurements,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. AP-26, no. 3, pp. 379–389, May 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. J. Anderson, J. Appel-Hansen, and F. H. Larsen, “Horizontal planar scanner for near-field measurements,” Conf. Dig. IX Nat. Cony. Radio Sci. and the Nordic Antenna Seminar, pp. 100–103, URSI Finnish National Committee, Otaniemi, Finland, October 27–29, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  29. J. Lemanczyk, F. H. Larsen, J. E. Hansen, and J. Aasted, “Calibration of standard gain antennas using a spherical near-field technique,” IEE Conf. Pub. No. 195, pt. 1, pp. 241–245, Second International Conference on Antennas and Propagation, Univ. of York, Heslington, York, UK, April 13–16, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  30. J. E. Hansen et al., “Introduction to the TUD-ESA spherical near-field far-field antenna test facility,” draft report, Electromagnetics Institute, Technical Univ. of Denmark, July 1, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  31. J. E. Hansen, “Spherical near-field testing of spacecraft antennas,” ESA Journal, vol. 4, pp. 89–102, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  32. S. K. Lynggaard, “Antenna measurements using plane wave synthesis,” MSc thesis (in Danish), Electromagnetics Institute, Technical Univ. of Denmark, Lyngby, August 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  33. J. Hald, “Synthesis and evaluation of spherical quasi plane wave regions for antenna pattern measurements,” 1981 Intl. Symp. Dig. IEEE Antennas Propag. Soc., vol. II, pp. 573–576, Los Angeles, June 16–19, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  34. V. V. Martsafey, “Measurement of electrodynamic antenna parameters by the method of synthesized aperture,” Radio Eng. Electron. Phys., vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 1869–1873, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  35. J. C. Bennett and E. P. Schoessow, “Antenna near-field/far-field transformation using a plane-wave synthesis technique,” Proc. IEE, vol. 125, no. 3, pp. 179–184, March 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  36. A. C. Ludwig and F. H. Larsen, “Spherical near-field measurements from a `compact range’ viewpoint,” IEE Conf. Pub. No. 195, pt. 1, pp. 274–277, Second International Conference on Antennas and Propagation, Univ. of York, Heslington, York, UK, April 13–16, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  37. J. F. R. Pereira, A. P. Anderson, and J. C. Bennett, “A procedure for near field measurement of microwave antennas without anechoic environments,” IEE Conf. Pub. No. 219, pt. 1, pp. 219–223, Third International Conference on Antennas and Propagation, Univ. of East Anglia, Norwich, UK, April 12–15, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  38. D. W. Hess and R. C. Johnson, “Compact ranges provide accurate measurement of radar cross-section,” Microwave Systems News, vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 150–160, September 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  39. V. J. Vokurka, “Compact-antenna range performance at 70 GHz,” 1980 Intl. Symp. Dig. IEEE Antennas Propag. Symp., pp. 260–263, Université Laval, Quebec, vol. I, June 2–6, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  40. D. W. Hess and J. J. Tavormina, “Verification testing of a spherical near-field algorithm and comparison to compact range measurements,” 1981 Intl. Symp. Dig. IEEE Antennas Propag. Soc., vol. I, pp. 242–271, Los Angeles, June 16–19, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  41. D. W. Hess, “Comparison of spherical near-field vs. compact range,” private communication, Scientific-Atlanta, Inc., Atlanta, August 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  42. S. T. Moseley, “On-axis defocus characteristics of the paraboloidal reflector,” final report, USAF Contract AF30(602)-925, Department of Electrical Engineering, Syracuse Univ., August 1, 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  43. D. K. Cheng and S. T. Moseley, “On-axis defocus characteristics of the paraboloidal reflector,” IRE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. AP-3, pp. 214–216, October 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  44. R. C. Johnson, H. A. Ecker, and J. S. Hollis, “Determination of far-field antenna patterns from near-field measurements,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 61, no. 12, pp. 1668–1694, December 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. A. C. Newell, R. C. Baird, and P. F. Wacker, “Accurate measurement of antenna gain and polarization at reduced distances by an extrapolation technique,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. AP-21, no. 4, pp. 418–431, July 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  46. P. F. Wacker, “Theory and numerical techniques for accurate extrapolation of near-zone antenna and scattering measurements,” unpublished report, National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, April 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  47. A. Repjar, A. Newell, and R. Baird, “Antenna gain measurements by an extended version of the NBS extrapolation method,” CPEM Dig. 1982, pp. F7–9, Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, June 28-July 1, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  48. J. D. Hunter and I. G. Morgan, “Gain measurements in the National Measurement Laboratory anechoic chamber,” Dig. Seminar on Electromagnetic Antenna and Scattering Measurements, CSIRO Division of Applied Physics, pt. II, pp. 197–204, National Measurement Laboratory, Sydney, November 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  49. A. R. Panicali and M. M. Nakamura, “On the amplitude center of radiating apertures,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. AP-33, no. 3, pp. 330–335, March 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. H. Hollmann, “Gain measurements for pyramidal horns,” a summary of “Gewinnmessung von Hornstrahlern,” Tech. Rep. 454 TB 42, Forschungsinstitut beim FTZ, Deutsche Bundespost, Darmstadt, Germany, August 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  51. J. Appel-Hansen, “Centers of structures in electromagnetism: a critical analysis,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. AP-30, no. 4, pp. 606–610, July 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. A. D. Yaghjian, “An overview of near-field antenna measurements,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. AP-34, no. 1, pp. 30–45, January 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. J. E. Hansen, ed., Spherical Near-Field Antenna Measurements, Stevenage, Herts., UK: Peter Peregrinus Ltd., to be published.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electromagnetics Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark

    Jørgen Appel-Hansen

Authors
  1. Jørgen Appel-Hansen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Electromagnetics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois-Urbana, USA

    Y. T. Lo  & S. W. Lee  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Appel-Hansen, J. (1988). Near-Field Far-Field Antenna Measurements. In: Lo, Y.T., Lee, S.W. (eds) Antenna Handbook. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6459-1_33

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6459-1_33

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-6461-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-6459-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation