Abstract
We present in this chapter a modeling style and control synthesis technique for system-level specifications that are better described as a set of concurrent descriptions, their synchronizations and complex constraints. For these types of specifications, conventional synthesis tools will not be able to enforce design constraints because these tools are targeted to sequential components with simple design constraints.
In order to schedule operations satisfying the constraints of system-level specifications, we propose a synthesis tool called Thalia that considers the degrees of freedom introduced by the concurrent models and by the system’s environment.
The synthesis procedure is subdivided into the following steps: we first model the specification in an algebraic formalism called control-flow expressions, that considers most of the language constructs used to model systems reacting to their environment, i.e. sequential, alternative, concurrent, iterative, and exception handling behaviors. Such constructs are found in languages such as C, Verilog HDL, VHDL, Esterel and StateCharts.
Then, we convert this model and a suitable representation for the environment into a finite-state machine, where the system is analyzed, and design constraints such as timing, resource and synchronization are incorporated. The operations in this representation are scheduled using a 0–1 Integer Linear Programming solver implemented with Binary Decision Diagrams.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Bibliography
G. DeMicheli, “Synthesis and Optimization of Digital Circuits, ” McGraw Hill-, 1994.
J. Vanhoof, K. V. Rompacy, I. Bolsens, G. Goossens, and H. D. Man, “High-level Synthesis font Real-time Digital Signal Processing, ” Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993.
J. Kuskin, D. Ofelt, M. Heinrich, J. Heinlein, R. Simoni, K. Gharachorloo, J. Chapin, D. Nakahira, J. Baxter, M. Horowitz, A. Gupta, M. Rosenblum, and J. Hennessy, “The Stanford FLASH Multiprocessor, ” presented at International Symposium on Computer Architecture, 1994.
“Benchmarks of the High-Level Synthesis Workshop, ”, 1992.
M. McFarland, A. Parker, and R. Camposano, “The High-Level Synthesis of Digital Systems, ” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 78, pp. 308–318, 1990.
D. Ku and G. DeMicheli, “High-level Synthesis of ASICs under Timing and Synchronization Constraints, ” Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992.
W. Wolf, A. Takach, C. Huang, and R. Manno, “The Princeton University Behavioral Synthesis System, ” presented at Proceedings of the Design Automation Conference, 1992.
D. Gajski, F. Vahid, S. Narayan, and J. Gong, “Specification and Design of Embedded Systems, ” Prentice Hall, 1994.
R. Lipsett, C. Schaefer, and C. Ussery, “VHDL: Hardware Description Language and Design, ” Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989.
D. E. Thomas and P. R. Moorby, “The Verilog Hardware Description Language, ” Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.
D. Ku and G. DeMicheli, “HardwareC — A Language for Hardware Design (version 2.0), ” Stanford University CSL-TR-90-419, 1990.
D. Drusinsky and D. Harel, “Statecharts as an Abstract Model for Digital Control-Units, ” Weizmann Institute of Science CS86-12, 1986.
F. Boussinot and R. D. Simone, “The ESTEREL Language, ” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 79, pp. 1293–1303, 1991.
G. DeMicheli, D. C. Ku, F. Mailhot, and T. Truong, “The Olympus Synthesis System for Digital Design, ” IEEE Design and Test Magazine, pp. 37–53, 1990.
R. Camposano, R. A. Bergamaschi, C. E. Haynes, M. Payer, and S. M. Wu, “The IBM High-Level Synthesis System, ” in High-Level VLSI Synthesis, R. Camposano and W. Wolf, Eds.: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991, pp. 79–104.
D. Knapp, T. Ly, D. MacMillen, and R. Miller, “Behavioral Synthesis Methodology for HDL-based Specification and Validation, ” presented at Proceedings of the Design Automation Conference, 1995.
R. K. Gupta, “Co-synthesis of Hardware and Software for Digital Embedded Systems, ” in Department of Electrical Engineering: Stanford University, 1993.
K. Keutzer, “Three Competing Design Methodologies for ASICs: Architectural Synthesis, Logic Synthesis, and Module Generation, ” presented at Proceedings of the Design Automation Conference, 1989.
R. Camposano, “Path-based Scheduling for Synthesis, ” IEEE Transactions on CAD/ICAS, vol. 10, pp. 85–923, 1991.
A. Seawright, “Grammar-Based Specification and Synthesis for Synchronous Digital Hardware Design, ” UC Santa Barbara, 1994.
D. Filo, D. C. Ku, and C. N. Coelho, Jr., “Interface Optimization for Concurrent Systems under Timing Constraints, ” IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems, vol. 1, pp. 268–281, 1993.
E. M. Clarke and E. A. Emerson, “Design and Synthesis of Synchronization Skeletons Using Branching Time Temporal Logic, ” Harvard University TR-12-81, 1981.
P. L. Wolper, “Synthesis of Communicating Processes from Temporal Logic Specifications, ” Stanford University, 1982.
Z. Zhu and D. Johnson, “Automatic Synthesis of Sequential Synchronization, ” presented at IFIP Conference on Hardware Description Languages and their Applications (CHDL 93), 1993.
Z. Zhu and D. Johnson, “Capturing Synchronization Specifications for Sequential Compositions, ” presented at Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Design, 1994.
Z. Zhu, “Structured Hardware Design Transformations, ”: Indiana University, 1992.
A. Wu and D. Gajski, “High-Level VLSI Synthesis — Introduction to Chip and System Design, ” Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992.
C. N. Coelho, Jr., “Analysis and Synthesis of Concurrent Digital Systems Using Control-Flow Expressions, ” in Department of Electrical Engineering. Palo Alto: Stanford University, 1996.
M. Davio, J.-P. Deschamps, and A. Thayse, “Digital Systems with Algorithm Implementations, ” John Wiley & Sons, 1983.
E. Stabler, “Microprogram Transformations, ” IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. c-19, pp. 908–916, 1970.
J. E. Hopcroft and J. D. Ullman, “Introduction to Automata Theory, ” Addison Wesley, 1979.
G. Nemhauser, “Integer and Combinatorial Optimization, ” John Wiley & Sons, 1988.
C.-T. Hwang, J.-H. Lee, and Y.-C. Hsu, “A Formal Approach to the Scheduling Problem in High-Level Synthesis, ” IEEE Transactions on CAD/ICAS, vol. 10, pp. 464–475, 1991.
A. Takach, W. Wolf, and M. Lesser, “An Automaton Model for Scheduling Constraints, ” IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 44, pp. 1–12, 1995.
T.-Y. Yen and W. Wolf, “Optimal Scheduling for Minimum Dependence in FSMs, ” Accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems.
H. J. Touati, H. Savoj, B. Lin, and R. K. Brayton, “Implicit State Enumeration of Finite State Machines Using BDDs, ” presented at Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, 1990.
T. H. Cormen, C. E. Leiserson, and R. L. Rivest, “Introduction to Algorithms, ” MIT Press, 1990.
I. Radivojevic and F. Brewer, “Symbolic Techniques for Optimal Scheduling, ” presented at Proceedings of the Synthesis and Simulation Meeting and International Interchange — SASIMI, 1993.
S.-W. Jeong and F. Somenzi, “A New Algorithm for 0-1 Programming Based on Binary Decision Diagrams, ” in Logic Synthesis and Optimization: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993.
K. S. Brace, R. L. Rudell, and R. E. Bryant, “Efficient Implementation of a BDD Package, ” presented at Proceedings of the Design Automation Conference, Orlando, FL, 1990.
R. E. Bryant, “Graph-based Algorithms for Boolean Function Manipulation, ” IEEE Transactions on Computers, pp. 677–691, 1986.
R. E. Bryant, “Symbolic Boolean Manipulation with Ordered Binary-Decision Diagrams, ” ACM Computing Surveys, pp. 293–318, 1992.
K. McMillan, “Symbolic Model Checking: Kluwer Academic Publishers,” 1993.
R. Rudell, “Dynamic Variable Ordering for Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams, ” presented at International Workshop on Logic Synthesis, Lake Tahoe,CA, 1993.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Coelho, C.N., De Micheli, G. (1997). Modeling And Synthesis of Synchronous System-Level Specifications. In: Bergé, JM., Levia, O., Rouillard, J. (eds) Models in System Design. Current Issues in Electronic Modeling, vol 9. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6295-5_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6295-5_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7890-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-6295-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive