Abstract
Current debates about crime and violence center on the effectiveness of sentencing reforms and incarceration in reducing crime. These punishment approaches to crime often ignore the evidence that employment also is an effective deterrent to crime and that in many respects crime can be viewed as a consequence of blocked legitimate earnings opportunities (Myers, 1983). There are important linkages between barriers to employment and the rise of criminal enterprise in African American communities. Many of these linkages can be viewed through the lens of northern states like New Jersey that experienced great transformation as a result of significant migration and demographic shifts during the first half of the twentieth century.
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Myers, S.L., Spriggs, W.E. (1997). Black Employment, Criminal Activity and Entrepreneurship: A Case Study of New Jersey. In: Mason, P.L., Williams, R. (eds) Race, Markets, and Social Outcomes. Recent Economic Thought Series, vol 54. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6157-6_3
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