Abstract
The present study describes the effect of hypocapnic ischemia caused by hyperventilation on striatal levels of dopamine, DOPAC, HVA and activity of tyrosine hydroxylase in striatal synaptosomes isolated from the brain of newborn piglets. Hyperventilation did not result in statistically significant changes in the striatal level of dopamine and its major metabolites; however, it was observed that after 20 min of recovery the levels of striatal tissue dopamine, DOPAC and HVA increase by 195%, 110% and 205%, respectively. The level of DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), which was used as an index of tyrosine hydroxylase activity, also increased after recovery. The rate of dopamine synthesis was 32 pmoles/mg protein/10 min in control piglets and after recovery this increased to 132 pmoles/mg protein/10 min. Measurement of the tyrosine hydroxylase activity in Triton X-100 treated synaptosomes showed that, after 20 min of recovery, there was an increase in Vmax with no change in Km for pteridine cofactor, compared to control. This is consistant with the enzyme having been covalently modified (activated) during tissue ischemia caused by hyperventilation and remaining activated well into the recovery period. We postulate that ischemia can induce long lasting alterations in dopamine synthesis, which may play some role in mediation of hypoxic cell injury in immature brain.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alousi A. and Weiner N. (1966) The regulation of norepinephrine synthesis in sympathetic nerves: effect of nerve stimulation, cocaine, and catecholamine-releasing agents. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 56, 1491–1496.
Baker A.J., Zornow M.H., Scheller M.S., Yaksh T.L., Skilling S.R., Smullin D.H., Larson A.A., and Kuczenski R. (1991) Changes in extracellular concentration of glutamate, aspartate, glycine, dopamine, serotonin, and dopamine metabolites after transient global ischemia in the rabbit brain. J. Neurochem. 57, 1370–1379.
Bustos G., Roth R.H., and Morgenroth V.H. (1976) Activation of tyrosine hydroxylase in rat striatal slices by K+-depolarization-effect of ethanol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 25, 2493–2497
Chowdhury M. and Fillenz M. (1988) K+-dependent stimulation of dopamine synthesis in striatal synaptosomes is mediated by protein kinase C. J. Neurochem. 50, 624–629
Clemens J.A. and Phebus L.A. (1988) Dopamine depletion protects striatal neurones from ischemia-induced cell death. Life Science, 42, 707–713.
Damsma G., Boisvert D.R, Mudrick L.A., Wenkstern D., and Fibiger H.C. (1990) Effects of transient forebrain ischemia and pargyline on extracellular concentrations of dopamine, serotonin and their metabolites in the rat striatum as determined by in vivo microdialysis. J. Neurochem. 54, 801–808.
El Mestikawy S., Glowinski J., and Hamon M. (1983) Tyrosine hydroxylase activation in depolarized dopaminergic terminals-involvement of Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation. Nature 302, 830–832.
El Mestikawy S., Gozlan H., Glowinski J., and Hamon M. (1985) Characteristics of tyrosine hydroxylase activation by K+-induced depolarization and/or forskolin in rat striatal slices. J. Neurochem. 45, 173–184
Globus M.Y-T., Ginsberg M.D., Dietrich W.D., Busto R., and Scheinberg P. (1987) Substantia nigra lesion protects against ischemic damage in the striatum. Neurosci. Letters 80, 251–256.
Globus M.Y-T., Busto R., Dietrich W.D., Martinez E., Valdes I., and Ginsberg M.D. (1988) Effect on ischemia on the in vivo release of striatal dopamine, glutamate, and γ-aminobutyric acid studied by intracerebral microdialysis. J. Neurochem. 51, 1455–1464.
Goldstein M., Bronaugh R. L., Ebstein B., and Roberge C. (1976) Stimulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity by cyclic AMP in synaptosomes and in soluble striatal enzyme preparations. Brain Res. 109, 563–574.
Greene L.A. and Rein G. (1978) Short-term regulation of catecholamine biosynthesis in a nerve growth factor responsive clonal line of rat pheochromocytoma cells. J. Neurochem. 30, 549–555.
Harris J.E. and Roth R.H. (1971) Potassium-induced acceleration of catecholamine biosynthesis in brain slices. I.Study on the mechanism of action. Mol. Pharmacol. 7, 593–604.
Hirata, Y., Togari, A., and Nagatsu, T. (1983) Studies on tyrosine hydroxylase system in rat brain slices using high performance liquid chromatography with electochemical detection. J. Neurochem. 40, 1585–1589.
Levitt M., Spector S., Sjoerdsma A., and Udenfriend S. (1965) Elucidation of the rate-limiting step in norepinephrine biosynthesis in the perfused guinea pig heart. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 148, 1–8.
Lovenberg W., Bruck E.A., and Hanbauer I. (1975) ATP, cyclic AMP and magnesium increase the affinity of rat striatal tyrosine hydroxylase for its cofactors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72, 2955–2958.
Lowry O.H., Rosebrough N.J., Farr A.L., and Randall R.J. (1951) Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193, 1268–1274.
Marie C., Mossiat C., Beley A. and Bralet J. (1992) Alpha-Methyl-para-tyrosine pretreatment protects from striatal neuronal death induced by four-vessel occlusion in the rat. Neurochem. Research, 17, 961–965.
Mueller R.A., Thoenen H., and Axelrod J. (1969) Increase in tyrosine hydroxilase activity after resperine administration. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 169, 74–79.
Nagatsu T., Levitt M., and Udenfriend S. (1964) Tyrosine hydroxylase. The initial step in norepinephrine biosynthesis. J. Biol Chem. 239, 2910–2917.
Obrenovitch T.P., Sarna G.S., Matsumoto T., and Symon L. (1990) Extracellular striatal dopamine and its metabolites during transient cerebral ischaemia. J. Neurochem. 54, 1526–1532.
Pollock R.J., Kapatos G., and Kaufman S. (1981) Effect of cyclic AMP-dependent protein phosphorylating conditions on the pH-dependent activity of tyrosine hydroxylase from beef and rat striata. J. Neurochem. 37, 855–860.
Slivka, A., and Cohen, G. (1985) Hydroxyl radical attack on dopamine. J. Biol. Chem. 260, 15466–15472.
Slivka, A., Brannan, T.T., Weinberger, J., Knott, P.J., and Cohen, G. (1988) Increase in extracellular dopamine in the striatum during cerebral ischemia: A study utilizing cerebral microdialysis. J. Neurochem. 50, 1714–1718.
Tank A.W., Lewis E.J., Chikaraishi D.M., and Weiner N. (1985) Elevation of RNA coding for tyrosine hydroxilase in rat adrenal gland by resperine treatment and exposure to cold. J. Neurochem. 45, 1030–1033.
Thoenen H., Mueller R.A., and Axelrod J. (1969) Trans-synaptic induction of tyrosine hydroxylase. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 169, 249–254.
Wilson D.F., Pastuszko A., DiGiacomo J.E., Pawlowski M., Schneiderman R., and Delivoria-Papadopoulos, M. (1991) Effect of hyperventilation on oxygenation of the brain cortex of newborn piglets. J. App. Physiol. 70(6), 2691–2696.
Yamamoto B.K., and Davy S. (1992) Dopaminergic modulation of glutamate release in striatum as measured by microdialysis. J. Neurochem. 58, 1736–1742.
Zhang J. and Piantadosi C.A. (1991) Preventation of H2O2 generation by monoamine oxidase protects against CNS O2 toxicity. J. Appl. Physiol. 71(3), 1056–1061.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pastuszko, P., Wilson, D.F. (1997). Activation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase in Striatum of Newborn Piglets in Response to Hypocapnic Ischemia and Recovery. In: Nemoto, E.M., et al. Oxygen Transport to Tissue XVIII. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 411. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5865-1_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5865-1_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7689-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-5865-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive