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Cardiovascular Biology of Purines pp 312–325Cite as

Recent Advances in Cardiac Adenosine Metabolism

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Part of the Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine book series (DICM,volume 209)

Summary

Adenosine can be formed intracellularly (cytosolic 5′-nucleotidase and SAH-hydrolase) and extracellularly (ecto-5′-nucleotidase). The major source for cardiac adenosine formation is the intracellular dephosphorylation of AMR More than 90% of the adenosine formed is rephosphorylated to AMP via adenosine kinase (1.95 nmol/min/g) and only a small fraction (0.06 nmol/min/g) escapes the metabolic cycle between AMP and adenosine and is released into the vascular space. Therefore, intracellular adenosine formation exceeds by far adenosine release into the extracellular space. However, since the intracellular adenosine concentration is normally very low and adenosine is continuously formed extracellularly from released adenine nucleotides, the concentration gradient for adenosine in the normoxic heart is from extracellular to intracellular. This gradient is rapidly reversed during hypoxia or pharmacological inhibition of adenosine kinase.

Keywords

  • Coronary Blood Flow
  • Adenine Nucleotide
  • Adenosine Kinase
  • Adenosine Release
  • Adenosine Metabolism

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Jürgen Schrader, Ulrich Decking & Thomas Stumpe

Authors
  1. Jürgen Schrader
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  2. Ulrich Decking
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  3. Thomas Stumpe
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Autonomic Neuroscience Institute, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK

    Geoffrey Burnstock D. Sc.

  2. University of Massachusetts, USA

    James G. Dobson Jr. Ph. D.

  3. University of Pennsylvania, USA

    Bruce T. Liang M.D.

  4. University of Virginia, USA

    Joel Linden Ph. D.

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Schrader, J., Decking, U., Stumpe, T. (1998). Recent Advances in Cardiac Adenosine Metabolism. In: Burnstock, G., Dobson, J.G., Liang, B.T., Linden, J. (eds) Cardiovascular Biology of Purines. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 209. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5603-9_19

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