Abstract
Both chemical and biological actuators are capable of producing very large forces and their energy densities and efficiencies are larger than other types of actuators. Mechanisms that are used in biological systems to extract useful work from chemical reactions are quite interesting and inspiring and can be quite beneficial in the design of novel “artificial” microactuators.
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Tabib-Azar, M. (1998). Chemical and Biological Microactuators. In: Microactuators. Electronic Materials: Science and Technology, vol 4. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5445-5_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5445-5_7
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