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Characteristics of Marine Ecosystems Relevant to Uncontained Applications of Genetically Engineered Organisms

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Genetically Engineered Marine Organisms

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Abstract

Striking differences exist between marine, freshwater, and terrestrial systems in terms of physical and biological processes. The physical parameters of ocean environments and the life history strategies of marine organisms are salient examples of these disparities. Certain features of marine systems make it difficult if not impossible to ensure strict containment of genetically engineered organisms (GEOs) introduced into marine environments and, therefore, have profound implications for risk assessment and management. For example, water movement alters the boundary layers around marine organisms, transports nutrients and waste products, provides the means for long distance dispersal, assists migrations, and influences predator/prey and parasite/host encounter rates. As a result, the physical and biological characteristics of the marine environment may increase the probability of an accidental introduction of transgenic organisms into natural ecosystems and create novel problems for assessing and minimizing negative effects in the event of such a release.

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  1. Ohio State University, USA

    John J. Gutrich

  2. Murray State University, USA

    Howard H. Whiteman

  3. University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, USA

    Raymond A. Zilinskas

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Gutrich, J.J., Whiteman, H.H., Zilinskas, R.A. (1998). Characteristics of Marine Ecosystems Relevant to Uncontained Applications of Genetically Engineered Organisms. In: Zilinskas, R.A., Balint, P.J. (eds) Genetically Engineered Marine Organisms. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5431-8_2

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