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Regulation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and its Role in Controlling Growth and Metabolism

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Growth Hormone

Part of the book series: Endocrine Updates ((ENDO,volume 4))

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Abstract

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a small Polypeptide growth factor, also termed Somatomedin-C, that mediates many of the growth promoting actions of human growth hormone (1). IGF-I was discovered based on two of its known biologic actions, its ability to stimulate cartilage sulfation in in vitro bioassay systems and to stimulate the incorporation of glucose into fat cells (2,3). Since both of these biologic assay systems were utilized to isolate the factor, two operational names were utilized; the first being Somatomedin; to mediate the growth promoting effects of Somatotropin, and the second insulin-like growth factor, that is, a substance with similar but not identical structure to immunoreactive insulin that had similar biologic activity. Final purification of these peptide activities to homogeneity with subsequent amino acid sequence determination showed that they were identical peptides. Sequence analysis also showed that insulin like growth factor-I IGF-I was 48% identical to human proinsulin, thus confirming a presumed evolutionary relationship between the two peptides (4). It is important to point out, however, that there are distinct amino acid differences that account for major differences in IGF-I and insulin physiology, including their ability to react with distinct transmembrane signaling receptors and their ability to bind to the insulin-like growth factor binding proteins.

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  1. Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA

    David R. Clemmons

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  1. Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden

    Bengt-Åke Bengtsson M.D.

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Clemmons, D.R. (1999). Regulation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and its Role in Controlling Growth and Metabolism. In: Bengtsson, BÅ. (eds) Growth Hormone. Endocrine Updates, vol 4. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5163-8_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5163-8_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7351-3

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