Skip to main content

Labor Demand, Unemployment, and the Cost of Social Insurance Schemes in Germany

  • Chapter
Globalization, Technological Change, and Labor Markets

Abstract

Unemployment is undisputedly the most pressing problem facing the German economy. Since 1993 German unemployment rates have been rising continuously higher than the OECD average. In February 1997 almost 4.7 million Germans were looking for work, representing an unprecedented national unemployment rate of 12.2 percent. High unemployment has strong implications for federal, state, and municipal budgets through reduced tax and social insurance revenues and increased demands on the unemployment insurance and welfare system.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Artus, Patrick, and Claude Peyroux (1990). “Production Functions with the Energy Factor: Estimations for the Major OECD Countries,” in Patrick Artus and Pierre-Alain Muet (eds), Investment and Factor Demand. Contributions to Economic Analysis. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 175–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bundesminister für Arbeit und Sozialordnung (1990). Statistisches Taschenbuch 1950–1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrenberg, Herbert (1996a). “Fakten und Legenden um die Abgabenbelastung der deutschen Wirtschaft,” Sozialer Fortschritt 45, no. 6: 139–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • — (1996b). “Konkrete Widerlegung der Einwendungen von Edmund Hemmer gegen meinen Aufsatz ‘Fakten und Legenden um die Abgabenbelastung der deutschen Wirtschaft’,” Sozialer Fortschritt 45, no. 12: 308–309.

    Google Scholar 

  • Entorf, Horst, Heinz König, and Winfried Pohlmeier (1992). “Labor, Utilization and Nonwage Labor Costs in a Disequilibrium Macro Framework,” Scandinavian Journal of Economics 51: 71–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • FitzRoy, Felix, and Michael Funke (1994). “Real Wages, Investment, and Employment: New Evidence from West German Sectoral Data,” Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 130: 258–272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flaig, Gebhard, and Viktor Steiner (1989). “Stability and Dynamic Properties of Labour Demand in West-German Manufacturing,” Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 51: 395–412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Franz, Wolfgang, and Heinz König (1986). “The Nature and Causes of Unemployment in the Federal Republic of Germany since the 1970s: An Empirical Investigation,” Economica 53: S219–S244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Görzig, Bernd, Joachim Schintk, and Manfred Schmidt (1994). Produktionsvolumen und-potential, Produktionsfaktoren des Bergbaus und des Verarbeitenden Gewerbes, Bundesrepublik Deutschland ohne Beitrittsgebiet, Statistische Kennziffern, 36. Folge, 1970–1993, DIW (Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung), Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greene, William H. (1993). Econometric Analysis, 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamermesh, Daniel S. (1993). Labor Demand. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamermesh, Daniel S., and Gerard A. Pfann (1996). “Adjustment Costs in Factor Demand,” Journal of Economic Literature 34: 1264–1292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, Gerd (1996). “Unemployment and the Wage Wedge in Germany—Simulations of a Small Cointegrated System,” Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts-und Sozialwissenschaften 116: 167–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart, Robert A., and Seiichi Kawasaki (1988). “Payroll Taxes and Factor Demand,” Research in Labor Economics 9: 257–285.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart, Robert A., and Peter G. McGregor (1988). “The Returns to Labour Services in West German Manufacturing Industry,” European Economic Review 32: 947–963.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hemmer, Edmund (1996). “Ein paar Anmerkungen zu dem Aufsatz ‘Fakten und Legenden um die Abgabenbelastung der deutschen Wirtschaft’ von Dr. Herbert Ehrenberg,” Sozialer Fortschritt 45, no. 9:227–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keane, Michael P., and Eswar S. Prasad (1996). “The Employment and Wage Effects of Oil Price Changes: A Sectoral Analysis,” Review of Economics and Statistics 78, no. 3: 389–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • König, Heinz (1976). “Neoklassische Investitionstheorie und Investorenverhalten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland,” Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 190: 316–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • König, Heinz, and Winfried Pohlmeier (1988). “Employment, Labour Utilization, and Procyclical Labour Productivity,” Kyklos 41, no. 4: 551–572.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winfried Pohlmeier — (1989). “Worksharing and Factor Prices: A Comparison of Three Flexible Functional Forms for Nonlinear Cost Schemes,” Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 145: 343–357.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nadiri, Ishaq S., and Sherwin Rosen (1973). A Disequilibrium Model of Demand for Factors of Production. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura, Shinichiro (1986). “A Dynamic Multisector Model of Production, Investment, and Prices Based on Flexible Cost Functions,” DIW Vierteljahreshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung 1, no. 2: 110–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nickell, Stephen J. (1986). “Dynamic Models of Labour Demand,” in Orley Ashenfelter and Richard Layard (eds.), Handbook of Labor Economics. Amsterdam: North Holland, pp. 473–522.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • OECD (1995). “Real Wage Resistance and Unemployment: Multivariate Analysis of Cointegrating Relations in 10 OECD Countries,” The OECD Jobs Study—Working Papers Series no. 10, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossana, Robert J. (1990). “Interrelated Demands for Buffer Stocks and Productive Inputs: Estimates for Two-Digit Manufacturing Industries,” Review of Economics and Statistics 72, no. 1: 19–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung (1995). Im Standortwettbewerb—Jahresgutachten 1995/96, Metzler-Poeschel Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistisches Bundesamt (various years). Fachserie 17 (Preise), Reihe 3 (Preisindex für den Wareneingang des Produzierenden Gewerbes).

    Google Scholar 

  • Steiner, Viktor (1996). “Employment and Wage Effects of Social Security Financing—An Empirical Analysis of the West German Experience and Some Policy Simulations,” ZEW Discussion Paper 96–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyrväinen, Timo (1995). “Wage Setting, Taxes, and Demand for Labour: Multivariate Analysis of Cointegrating Relations,” Empirical Economics 20: 271–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • VDR (Verband Deutscher Rentenversicherungsträger) (1994). Rentenversicherung in Zahlen.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Riphahn, R.T., Bauer, T. (1998). Labor Demand, Unemployment, and the Cost of Social Insurance Schemes in Germany. In: Black, S.W. (eds) Globalization, Technological Change, and Labor Markets. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4965-9_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4965-9_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7253-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-4965-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics