Skip to main content

The Ontology/Epistemology Dichotomy in Information Systems Development

An Ethnographic Contribution

  • Chapter
Evolution and Challenges in System Development
  • 185 Accesses

Abstract

Contemporary development methodologies take a ‘hard’ reductionist view of ‘the system’ and are unable to model the rich gamut of human and organisational complexity adequately. Conversely ‘soft’ methodologies are unable to tackle technical problems satisfactorily. To date, attempts to join the ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ approaches have been largely unsuccessful, due to the seemingly mutually exclusive underpinning philosophies of the two approaches. This paper proposes a way of bridging the hard/soft dichotomy through incorporating organisational culture analysis into the systems development process. A cultural meta-model is proposed as a means of ensuring the delivered system is culturally acceptable to the organisation, thereby encouraging system ownership and use by stakeholders.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Avison, D.E., and Wood-Harper, A.T., (1990), “Multiview: An Exploration in Information Systems Development”, Henley-on-Thames: Alfred Waller.

    Google Scholar 

  • Avison, D.E., Wood-Harper, A.T., Vidgen, R.T. and Wood, J.R.G., (1996), Multiview 2: a further exploration into information systems development’, in: “Proceedings of the 6th Annual BIT Conference, ‘Business Information Systems-Uncertain Futures’”, Manchester Metropolitan University, 7th November, pp. 295–303.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A., (1995), “Organisational Culture”, London: Pitman Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Checkland, P.B., and Scholes, J., (1990), “Soft Systems Methodology in Action”, Chichester: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Churchman, C.W., Ackoff, R.L., and Arnoff, E. L., (1957), “Introductions to Operations Research”, New York: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Concise Oxford Dictionary”, (1990), 8th Edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denison, D.K., (1990), “Corporate Culture and Organisational Effectiveness”, Chichester: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doherty, N., and King, M. (1997), The treatment of organisational issues in IS development projects, in: “Proceedings of the United Kingdom Academy for Information Systems 2nd Annual Conference, ‘Key Issues in Information Systems’”, University of Southampton, School of Management, 2nd-4th April, pp. 363–375.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doyle, K., and Wood, R., (1991a), Systems thinking, systems practice: dangerous liaisons, Systemist, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 28–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doyle, K., and Wood, R., (1991b), The paradigm shift and the protozoon, Systemist, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 131–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emery, F.E., and Trist, E.L., (1960), Socio-technical systems, in: “Management Science, Models and Techniques, Vol. 2”, Churchman, C.W., and Verhulst, M., eds., New York: Permagon Press, pp. 83–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Etzioni, A., (1970), “Modern Organisations”, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frost, P.J., Moore, L.F., Louis, M.R., Lundberg, C.C., and Martin, J., (1991), “Reframing Organisational Culture”, London: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hitch, C.J., (1973), An appreciation of systems analysis, in: “Systems Analysis”, Optner, S.L., ed., London: Penguin Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Höchstrasser, B., and Griffiths, C., (1991), “Controlling IT Investments: Strategy and Management”, London: Chapman and Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayaratna, N., (1991), Systems analysis: the weak link in the systems development process?, Journal of Applied Systems Analysis, Vol. 18, pp. 61–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayaratna, N., (1992), Should we link SSM with information systems!, Systemist, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 108–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayaratna, N., (1993), Plenary address - the methodological challenge for information systems’, in: “Proceedings of the British Computer Society Methodology Conference”, Jayaratna, N., Paton, G., Merali, Y. and Gregory, F., eds., Heriot Watt University, September.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayaratna, N., (1994), “Understanding and Evaluating Methodologies”, Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, G., and Scholes, K., (1993), “Exploring Corporate Strategy, 3rd Edition”, Hemel Hempstead: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, D., and Kahn, R. L., (1966), “The Social Psychology of Organisations”, New York: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Land, F., (1992), The information systems domain, in: “Information Systems Research: Issues, Methods and Practical Guidelines”, Galliers, R.D., ed., Henley-on-Thames: Alfred Waller, pp. 6–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, P.J., (1993), Linking soft systems methodology with data-focused information systems development’, Journal of Information Systems, Vol. 3, pp. 169–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, P.J., (1994), “Information Systems Development”, London: Pitman Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucas, H.C., (1975), “Why Information Systems Fail”, New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyytinen, K., and Hirschheim, R., (1987), Information system failures - a survey and classification of the empirical literature, Oxford Surveys in Information Technology, Vol. 4, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 257–309.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miles, R.K., (1988), Combining ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ systems practice: grafting or embedding?, Journal of Applied Systems Analysis, Vol. 15, pp. 55–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mingers, J., (1992), SSM and information systems: an overview, Systemist, Vol. 14, No. 3, August, pp. 82–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mingers, J., (1995), Using Soft Systems Methodology in the Design of Information Systems, in: “Information Systems Provision: The Contribution of Soft Systems Methodology”, Stowell, F.A., ed., Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, S.M., (1996), Organisational culture and information systems, in: “Proceedings of the United Kingdom Academy for Information Systems 1st Annual Conference, ‘The Future of Information Systems ’”, Cran-field University, School of Management, 10th-12th April.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, S.M., (1997a), IT impact in the UK: a census of the ‘top 100’ companies, in: “Proceedings of the United Kingdom Academy for Information Systems 2nd Annual Conference, ‘Key Issues in Information Systems”’, University of Southampton, School of Management, 2nd-4th April, pp. 403–416.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, S.M., (1997b), BPR: forging the cultural metamorphosis, in: “Proceedings of the Association for Information Systems 1997 Americas Conference”, Indianapolis, Indiana, 15th-17th August.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, S.M., (1998a), Constructing and implementing successful information systems: some lessons from the UK’s most successful companies’ in: “Proceedings of the United Kingdom Academy for Information Systems 3rd Annual Conference, ‘Matching Technology with Organisational Needs’”, Lincoln University campus, 15th-17th April.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, S.M., (1998b), “IT Impact: A Census of Leading UK Companies”, Unpublished MPhil Thesis, School of Management, Leeds Metropolitan University (Forthcoming).

    Google Scholar 

  • Patching, D., (1990), “Practical Soft Systems Analysis”, London: Pitman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peters, T.J., and Waterman, R.H., (1982), “In Search of Excellence: Lessons from America’s Best Run Companies”, New York: Harper and Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pheysey, D.C., (1993), “Organisational Cultures: Types and Transformations”, London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sathe, V., (1985), “Culture and Related Corporate Realities”, Homewood, Illinois: Richard D. Irwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sauer, C., (1993), “Why Information Systems Fail: A Case Study Approach”, Henley-on-Thames: Alfred Waller.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schein, E.H., (1985), “Organisational Culture and Leadership”, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siehl, C., and Martin, J., (1981), Learning organisational culture, Working Paper, Graduate School of Business, Stanford University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smircich, L., (1983), Concepts of culture and organisational analysis, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 28, pp. 339–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stacey, R.D., (1993), “Strategic Management and Organisational Dynamics”, London: Pitman Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stowell, F.A., and West, D., (1994), “Client-Led Design”, Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willcocks, L., and Lester, S., (1993), Evaluating the feasibility of information technology investments, Oxford Institute of Information Management, Research and Discussion Papers, RDP93/1/1993.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, B., (1990), “Systems: Concepts, Methodologies and Applications, 2nd Edition”, Chichester: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood-Harper, A.T., Antill, L., Avison, D.E., (1985), “Information Systems Definition: The Multiview Approach”, Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Page, S. (1999). The Ontology/Epistemology Dichotomy in Information Systems Development. In: Zupančič, J., Wojtkowski, W., Wojtkowski, W.G., Wrycza, S. (eds) Evolution and Challenges in System Development. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4851-5_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4851-5_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7200-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-4851-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics