Skip to main content

Marketing and Fear Mongering

Time to Try Private Genetic Services?

  • Chapter

Abstract

Patient-paid access to commercialized genetic testing is currently available from Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Inc. through physicians who provide counselling, with direct billing to patients, co-payment, or with coverage by some insurance companies. Consumer interest in access to genetic tests has been heightened by news media attention, marketing, fund-raising efforts by disease-specific voluntary organizations, and the use of genetic tests in legal proceedings and in entertainment. This consumer interest in access to commercialized services is based on the perceived usefulness of the tests and frustration with current limits on access through the health care system. Additionally, some people would be willing to pay to receive greater protection of privacy through anonymous private genetic testing even if testing were available through regular health care insurance (Mehlman et al. 1996; Burgess et al. 1997). Three policy options are available: prohibition, a regulated market or an unregulated market.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Arrow, K.J. 1963. “Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care” American Economic Review, Vol. 53, pp. 941–973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin, C. et al. 1994. “Proceed with Care: Direct Predictive Testing for Huntington Disease” American Journal of Medical Genetics, Vol. 55, pp. 606–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brunger, F. & Bassett, K. 1998. “Culture, Ethnicity and Genetic Testing” Socio-Ethical Issues in Human Genet-ics, B.M. Knoppers (Ed.), Cowansville, Quebec: Les Editions Yvon Blais Inc, pp. 7–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burgess, M.M. & Hayden, M.R. 1996. “Patients’ Rights to Laboratory Data: Trinucleotide Repeat Length in Huntington Disease” American Journal of Medical Genetics, Vol. 62, pp. 6–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burgess, M.M. et al. 1997. “Dilemmas of Anonymous Predictive Testing for Huntington Disease: Privacy vs. Optimal Care” American Journal of Medical Genetics, Vol. 71, pp. 197–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burgess, M.M., Laberge, C. & Knoppers, B.M. 1998. “Ethics for Clinicians VIII: Genetics” Canadian Medical Association Journal, Vol. 158(10), pp. 1309–1313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloch, M. et al. 1989. “Predictive Testing for Huntington Disease: II Demographic Characteristics, Life-Style Patterns, Attitudes, and Psychosocial Assessments of the First Fifty-One Test Candidates” American Journal of Medical Genetics, Vol. 32, pp. 217–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caulfield, T. 1996. “Wishful Thinking: Defining Medically Necessary in Canada” Health Law Journal, Vol. 4, p. 63–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caulfield, T. & Feasby, C. 1998. “The Commercialization of Human Genetics in Canada: An Overview of Policy and Legal Issues” Socio-Ethical Issues in Human Genetics, B.M. Knoppers (Ed.), Cowansville, Quebec: Les Editions Yvon Blais Inc., pp. 343–401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conrad, P. 1992. “Medicalization and Social Control” Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 18, pp. 209–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daniels, N. 1985. Just Health Care, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Dillon P. 1998. “Conspiracy of Change” Fast Company, Vol. 18, pp. 182–195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, R.G., Barer, M.L. & Marmor, T.R. (Eds.). 1994. Why are Some People Healthy and Others Not? The Determinants of Health of Populations, New York: Aldine de Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, R. 1992. “The Canadian Health-Care Financing and Delivery System: Its Experience and Lessons for Other Nations” Yale Law and Policy Review, Vol. 10, pp. 362–396.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freidson, E. 1970. The Profession of Medicine: A Study of the Sociology of Knowledge, New York: Dodd, Mead and Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huntington’s Disease Collaborative Research Group 1993. “A Novel Gene Containing a Trinucleotide Repeat that is Expanded and Unstable in Huntington’s Disease Chromosomes” Cell, Vol. 72, pp. 971–983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knoppers, B.M., Caulfield, T. & Kinsella, D.T. (Eds.). 1996. Legal Rights and Human Genetic Material, Toronto:Emond Montgomery Publications Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knoppers, B.M. 1991. Human Dignity and Genetic Heritage, Ottawa: Law Reform Commission of Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lippman, A. 1989. “Prenatal Diagnosis: Reproductive Choice? Reproductive Control?” The Future of Human Reproduction, C. Overall (Ed.), Toronto: The Women’s Press, pp. 182–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loeben, G., Marteau, T. & Wilfond, B. 1998. “Cystic Fibrosis Screening Brochures: Variation in Presentation of Information about the Disease and Reproductive Options” American Journal of Human Genetics, Vol. 63, pp. 1181–1189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malinowski, M. 1996. “Capitation, Advances in Medical Technology and the Advent of a New Era in Medical Ethics” American Journal of Law and Medicine, Vol. 22, pp. 331–360.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malinowski, M. & O’Rourke, M. 1996. “A False Start? The Impact of Federal Policy on the Genotechnology Industry” Yale Journal on Regulation, Vol. 13, pp. 163–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehlman, M.J. et al. 1996. “The Need for Anonymous Genetic Counseling and Testing” American Journal of Human Genetics, Vol. 58, pp. 393–397.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meissen, G.J. & Berchek, R.L. 1987. “Intended Use of Predictive Testing by Those at Risk for Huntington Disease” American Journal of Medical Genetics, Vol. 26, pp. 283–293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nelkin, D. & Lindee, M.S. 1995. The DNA Mystique: The Gene as Cultural Icon, New York: W.H. Freeman and Co., pp. 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ontario Law Reform Commission. 1996. Report on Genetic Testing. Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quaid, K.A. & Morris, M. 1993. “Reluctance to Undergo Predictive Testing: The Case of Huntington Disease” Journal of Genetic Counselling, Vol. 45, pp. 41–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rachlis, M. 1995. “Defining Basic Services and De-Insuring the Rest: The Wrong Diagnosis and the Wrong Prescription” Canadian Medical Association Journal, Vol. 152, pp. 1401–1405.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rapp, R. 1988. “Chromosomes and Communication: The Discourse of Genetic Counselling” Med Anthropology Quarterly, Vol. 2, pp. 143–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Royal Commission on New Reproductive Technologies. 1993. Proceed With Care: Final Report, Ottawa: Minister of Government Services Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawicki, J. 1991. Disciplining Foucault: Feminism, Power, and the Body, New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Science Council of Canada. 1991. Genetics in Canadian Health Care, Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Testart, J. 1995. “The New Eugenics and Medicalized Reproduction” Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, Vol. 4, pp. 304–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webber, A.M. 1998. “Danger: Toxic Company” Fast Company; Vol. 19, pp. 152–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wertz, D.C. 1995. “Professional Perspectives: A Survey of Canadian Providers” Professional Norms in the Practice of Human Genetics, Special Edition: Health Law Journal, Vol. 3, pp. 59–130.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Burgess, M.M. (1999). Marketing and Fear Mongering. In: Caulfield, T.A., Williams-Jones, B. (eds) The Commercialization of Genetic Research. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4713-6_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4713-6_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7135-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-4713-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics