Abstract
Interactions between glial cells and neurons are manifold, but one of the most important encounters between these cells occurs during synaptic transmission, as indicated in Fig. 1. During neurotransmission glial cells are not silent, but support actively the dialogue between neuronal cells. A crucial step during neurotransmission is the rapid removal of the neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft and this is thought to be mainly achieved by glial cells. By terminating the transmitter action, glial cells reset neurons for new incoming signals and support thereby normal neuronal signal transmission.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Amara S.G. and Arriza J.L. (1993) Neurotransmitter transporters: three distinct gene families. Curr Opin Neurobiol 3: 337–344.
Arriza J.L., Fairman W.A., Wadiche J.L, Murdoch G.H., Kavanaugh M.P., and Amara S.G. (1994) Functional comparisons of three glutamate transporter subtypes cloned from human motor cortex. J Neurosci 14: 5559–5569.
Arriza J.L., Eliasof S., Kavanaugh M.P., and Amara S.G. (1997) Excitatory amino acid transporter 5, a retinal glutamate transporter coupled to a chloride conductance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 4155–4160.
Brew H. and Attwell D. (1987) Electrogenic glutamate uptake is a major current carrier in the membrane of axolotl retinal glial cells. Nature 327: 707–709.
Choi D.W. (1992) Excitotoxic cell death. J Neurobiol 23: 1261–1276.
Copenhagen D.R., Ashmore J.F., and Schnapf J.K. (1983) Kinetics of synaptic transmission from photoreceptors to horizontal and bipolar cells in turtle retina. Vision Res 23: 363–369.
Copenhagen D.R. and Jahr C.E. (1989) Release of endogenous excitatory amino acids from turtle photoreceptors. Nature 341: 536–539.
Danbolt N.C., Storm Mathisen J., Kanner B.I., and Storm-Mathisen J. (1992) An [Na+ + K+]coupled Lglutamate transporter purified from rat brain is located in glial cell processes. Neuroscience 51: 295–310.
Danbolt N.C. (1994) The high affinity uptake system for excitatory amino acids in the brain. Prog Neurobiol 44: 377–396.
Derouiche A. and Rauen T. (1995) Coincidence of L-glutamate/L-aspartate transporter (GLAST) and glutamine synthetase (GS) immunoreactions in the retinal glia: evidence for coupling of GLAST and GS in transmitter clearance. J Neurosci Res 42: 131–143.
Dowling J.E. and Ripps H. (1972) Adaptation in skate photoreceptors. J Gen Physiol 60: 698–719.
Eliasof S. and Werblin F. (1993) Characterization of the glutamate transporter in retinal cones of the tiger salamander. J Neurosci 13: 402–411.
Euler T. and Wässle H. (1995) Immunocytochemical identification of cone bipolar cells in the rat retina. J Comp Neurol 361(3): 461–478.
Fairman W.A., Vandenberg R.J., Arriza J.L., Kavanaugh M.P, and Amara S.G. (1995) An excitatory aminoacid transporter with properties of a ligand-gated chloride channel. Nature 375: 599–603.
Grant GB. and Dowling J.E. (1995) A glutamate-activated chloride current in cone-driven ON bipolar cells of the white perch retina. J Neurosci 15: 3852–3862.
Grant G.B. and Werblin F.S. (1996) A glutamate-elicited chloride current with transporter-like properties in rod photoreceptors of the tiger salamander. Visual Neurosci 13: 135–144.
Harris M.E., Wang Y., Pedigo N.W, Jr., Hensley K., Butterfield D.A., and Carney J.M. (1996) Amyloid beta peptide (25-35) inhibits Na+-dependent glutamate uptake in rat hippocampal astrocyte cultures. J Neurochem 67: 277–286.
Hartshorne R.P. and Catterall WA. (1984) The sodium channel from rat brain. Purification and subunit composition. J Biol Chem 259: 1667–1675.
Kanai Y., Smith C.P., and Hediger M.A. (1993) A new family of neurotransmitter transporters: the highaffinity glutamate transporters. FASEB J 7: 1450–1459.
Kanai Y., Nussberger S., Romero M.F., Boron W.F., Hebert S.C., and Hediger M.A. (1995) Electrogenic properties of the epithelial and neuronal high affinity glutamate transporter. J Biol Chem 270: 16561–16568.
Kanai Y and Hediger M.A. (1992) Primary structure and functional characterization of a high-affinity glutamate transporter. Nature 360: 467–471.
Kanner B.I. (1991) Amino acid neurotransmitter reuptake: mechanistics, biochemistry, and molecular cloning. Biochemical Society Transactions 19: 92–95.
Kanner B.I. and Bendahan A. (1982) Binding order of substrates to the sodium and potassium ion coupled 1-glutamic acid transporter from rat brain. Biochemistry 21: 6327–6330.
Massey S.C. and Redburn D.A. (1987) Transmitter circuits in the vertebrate retina. Prog Neurobiol 28: 55–96.
Meister A. (1974) Glutamine synthetase of mammals. In: The Enzymes (Boyer P.D. ed), pp. 699–754. New York: Academic Press.
Newman M.J., Foster D.L., Wilson T.H., and Kaback H.R. (1981) Purification and reconstitution of functional lactose carrier from Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 256: 11804–11808.
Nicholls D. and Attwell D. (1990) The release and uptake of excitatory amino acids. Trends Pharmacol Sci 11: 462–468.
Olney J.W. (1982) The toxic effects of glutamate and related compounds in the retina and the brain. Retina 2: 341–359.
Picaud S.A., Larsson H.P, Grant G.B., Lecar H., and Werblin F.S. (1995) Glutamate-gated chloride channel with glutamate-transporter-like properties in cone photoreceptors of the tiger salamander. J Neurophysiol 74: 1760–1771.
Pines G., Danbolt N.C., Bjoras M., Zhang Y., Bendahan A., Eide L., Koepsell H., Storm Mathisen J., Seeberg E., Kanner B.I., and Storm-Mathisen J (1992) Cloning and expression of a rat brain L-glutamate transporter. Nature 360: 464–467.
Pow D.V and Robinson S.R. (1994) Glutamate in some retinal neurons is derived solely from glia Glutamate in some retinal neurons is derived solely from glia. Neuroscience 60: 355–366.
Rauen T, Rothstein J.D., and Wässle H. (1996) Differential expression of three glutamate transporter subtypes in the rat retina. Cell & Tissue Res 286: 325–336.
Rauen T., Taylor W.R., Kuhlbrodt K., and Wiessner M. (1998) High-affinity glutamate transporters in the rat retina: a major role of the glial glutamate transporter GLAST-1 in transmitter clearance. Cell & Tissue Res 291: 19–31.
Rauen T. and Kanner B.I. (1994) Localization of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 in rat and macaque monkey retinae. Neurosci Lett 169: 137–140.
Riepe R.E. and Norenberg M.D. (1977) Müller cell localisation of glutamine synthetase in rat retina. Nature 268: 654–655.
Rothstein J.D., Martin L.J., and Kuncl R.W. (1992) Decreased glutamate transport by the brain and spinal cord in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. N Engl J Med 326: 1464–1468.
Rothstein ID., Martin L., Levey A.I., Dykes Hoberg M., Jin L., Wu D., Nash N., and Kuncl R.W. (1994) Localization of neuronal and glial glutamate transporters. Neuron 13: 713–725.
Rothstein J.D., Dykes-Hoberg M., Pardo C.A., Bristol L.A., Jin L., Kuncl R.W.X., Kanai Y., Hediger M.A., Wang Y., Schielke J.P, and Welty D.F. (1996) Knockout of glutamate transporters reveals a major role for astroglial transport in excitotoxicity and clearance of glutamate. Neuron 16: 675–686.
Storck T, Schulte S., Hofmann K., and Stoffel W. (1992) Structure, expression, and functional analysis of a Na(+)-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter from rat brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 10955–10959.
Tachibana M. and Kaneko A. (1988) L-Glutamate-induced depolarization in solitary photoreceptors: A process that may contribute to the interaction between photoreceptors in situ. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 5315–5319.
Tanaka K., Watase K., Manabe T., Yamada K., Watanabe M., Takahashi K., Iwama H., Nishikawa T., Ichihara N., Kikuchi T., Okuyama S., Kawashima N., Hori S., Takimoto M., and Wada K. (1997) Epilepsy and exacerbation of brain injury in mice lacking the glutamate transporter GLT-1. Science 276: 1699–1702.
Trifonov Y.A. (1968) Study of synaptic transmission between the photoreceptor and the horizontal cell using electrical stimulation of the retina. Biofìzika 13: 809–817.
Vandenbranden C.A.V., Verweij J., Kamermans M., Müller L.J., Ruiter J.M., Vrensen G.F.J.M., and Spekreijse H. (1996) Clearance of neurotransmitter from the cone synaptic cleft in goldfish retina. Vision Res 36: 3859–3874.
Vardi N., Kaufman D.L., and Sterling P. (1994) Horizontal cells in cat and monkey retina express different isoforms of glutamic-acid decarboxylase. Vis Neurosci 11: 135–142.
Wadiche J.L, Amara S.G., and Kavanaugh M.P. (1995) Ion fluxes associated with excitatory amino acid transport. Neuron 15: 721–728.
Wässle H. and Boycott B.B. (1991) Functional architecture of the mammalian retina. Physiol Rev 71(2): 447–480.
Watkins J.C. (1981) Pharmacology of excitatory amino acid transmitters. In: Amino Acid Neurotransmitters (De Feudis F.V and Mandel P. eds), pp. 205–212. New York: Raven Press.
Zerangue N. and Kavanaugh M.P. (1996) Flux coupling in a neuronal glutamate transporter. Nature 383: 634–637.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rauen, T., Fischer, F., Wiessner, M. (1999). Glia-Neuron Interaction by High-Affinity Glutamate Transporters in Neurotransmission. In: Matsas, R., Tsacopoulos, M. (eds) The Functional Roles of Glial Cells in Health and Disease. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 468. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4685-6_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4685-6_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7121-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-4685-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive