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Functionally Graded Materials in the 21st Century pp 53–102Cite as

Processing and System

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Abstract

Formation of functionally-graded materials (FGMs) by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) has been amply demonstrated in many previous studies [1]. Layers of reactant powders are stacked in a compositionally-graded sequence and ignited at one end to initiate a self-sustaining combustion wave to fabricate the FGM. However, FGM formation by this method is subject to the same thermodynamic and kinetic limitations of the SHS process itself [2], and as such the synthesis of a relatively large number of material systems (monolithic, composites, and FGMs) is excluded. The use of an electric field to overcome these limitations, and hence to activate the synthesis process, has been demonstrated in previous investigations for many materials, including FGM systems [3–8].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Laboratory Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Japan

    Kiyoshi Ichikawa

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  1. Kiyoshi Ichikawa
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  1. Mechanical Engineering Laboratory Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Japan

    Kiyoshi Ichikawa

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Ichikawa, K. (2001). Processing and System. In: Ichikawa, K. (eds) Functionally Graded Materials in the 21st Century. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4373-2_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4373-2_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-7236-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-4373-2

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