Abstract
At the core of ensuring quality treatment is the assessment of changes in patients following interventions—so-called “outcome research.” This area of research is central to quality improvement because the scientific study of patient change tempers the undocumented and often overstated consequences of psychological and medical practitioners. We attempt here a brief summary of research on psychosocial interventions and its implications for quality management. This research summary examines outcome and process research as they apply both to the individual patient as well as to the delivery system in which the outcome of larger populations becomes an overriding concern. We first review outcome in its historical context, followed by issues of matching patients with treatments and selecting therapists to maximize positive outcomes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Antonuccio, D. O., Danton, W. G., & DeNelsky, G. Y. (1995). Psychotherapy versus medication for depression: Challenging the conventional wisdom with data. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 26, 574–585.
Barber, J. P., & Crits-Christoph, P. (1991). Comparison of the brief dynamic therapies. In P. Crits-Christoph & J. P. Barber (Eds.), Handbook of short-term dynamic therapy (pp. 323-356). New York: Basic Books.
Barlow, D. H. (1988). Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic. New York: Guilford.
Bergin, A. E., & Garfield, S. L. (1994). Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (4th ed.). New York: Wiley.
Beutler, L. E., Frank, M., Schieber, S. C., Calvert, S., & Gaines, J. (1984). Comparative effects of group psychotherapies in a short-term inpatient setting: An experience with deterioration effects. Psychiatry, 47, 66–76.
Binder, J. L., Henry, W. P., & Strupp, H. H. (1987). An appraisal of selection criteria for dynamic psychotherapies and implications for setting limits. Journal of Psychiatry, 50, 154–166.
Consumer Reports. (1995, November). Mental health: Does therapy help? 734–739.
Cooley, E. F., & LaJoy, R. (1980). Therapeutic relationship and improvement as perceived by clients and therapists. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36, 562–570.
de Beuirs, E., van Balkom, A. J. L. M., Lange, A., Koele, P., & van Dyck, R. (1995). Treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia: Comparison of fluvoxamine, placebo, and psychological panic management combined with exposure and of exposure in vivo alone. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 683–691.
Doherty, W. J., Lester, M. E., & Leigh, G. K. (1986). Marriage encounter weekends: Couples who win and couples who lose. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 12, 49–61.
Elkin, I., Shea, M. T., Watkins, J. T., Imber, S. D., Stosky, S. M., Collins, J. F., Glass, D. R., Pilkonis, P. A., Weber, W. R., Docherty, J. P., Fiester, S. J., & Parloff, M. B. (1989). National Institute of Mental Health treatment of depression collaborative research program: General effectiveness of treatments. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 971–982.
Fuhriman, A. J., & Burlingame, G. M. (1994). The handbook of group psychotherapy: An empirical and clinical synthesis. New York: Interscience.
Gaston, L. (1990). The concept of the alliance and its role in psychotherapy: Theoretical and empirical considerations. Psychotherapy, 27, 143–153.
Hargrave, G. E., & Hiatt, D. (1995). Analysis of outpatient psychotherapy: Quality improvement indicators. Managed Care Quarterly, 3, 72–75.
Hattie, J. A., Sharpley, C. F., & Rogers, H. F. (1984). Comparative effectiveness of professional and paraprofessional helpers. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 534–541.
Howard, K. I., Kopta, S. M., Krause, M. S., & Orlinsky, D. E. (1986). The dose-effect relationship in psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 41, 159–164.
Imber, S. D., Pilkonis, P. A., Sotsky, S. M., Elkin, I., Watkins, J. T., Collins, J. F., Shea, M. T., Weber, W. R., & Glass, D. R. (1990). Mode-specific effects among three treatments for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 352–359.
Jensen, J. P., Bergin, A. E. & Greaves, D. W. (1990). The meaning of eclecticism: New survey and analysis of components. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 21, 124–130.
Jorm, A. F. (1989). Modifiability of trait anxiety and neuroticism: A meta-analysis of the literature. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 23, 21–29.
Kadera, S. W., Lambert, M. J., & Andrews, A. A. (1996). How much therapy is really enough? A session-by-session analysis of the psychotherapy dose-effect relationship. Journal of Psychotherapy Research and Practice, 5, 132–151.
Kazdin, A. E. (1986). Comparative outcome studies of psychotherapy: Methodological issues and strategies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 95–105.
Koss, M. P., & Shiang, J. (1994). Research on brief psychotherapy. In A. E. Bergin & S. L. Garfield (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (4th ed., pp. 664–700). New York: Wiley & Sons.
Lafferty, P., Beutler, L. E., & Crago, M. (1991). Differences between more and less effective psychotherapists: A study of select therapist variables. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 76–80.
Lambert, M. J. (1979). Characteristics of patients and the relationship to outcome in brief psychotherapy. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 2, 111–123.
Lambert, M. J., & Anderson, E. M. (1996). Assessment for the time-limited psychotherapies. Annual Review of Psychiatry, 15, 23–47.
Lambert, M. J., & Bergin, A. E. (1994). The effectiveness of psychotherapy. In A. E. Bergin & S. L. Garfield (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (4th ed., pp. 143–189). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Lambert, M. J., Bergin, A. E., & Collins, J. L. (1977). Therapist induced deterioration in psychotherapy patients. In A. S. Gurman & A. M. Razin (Eds.), Effective psychotherapy: A handbook of research (pp. 452–481). New York: Pergamon.
Lambert, M. J., Dejulio, S. S. & Stein, D. M. (1978). Therapist interpersonal skills: Process, outcome, methodological considerations, and recommendations for future research. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 467–489.
Lieberman, M. A., Yalom, I. D., & Miles, M. B. (1973). Encounter groups: First facts. New York: Basic Books.
Lorr, M. (1965). Clients’ perceptions of therapists. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 29, 146–149.
Malan, D. H. (1976). The frontier of brief psychotherapy. New York: Plenum Press.
Marmor, J. (1979). Short-term dynamic psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychiatry, 136, 149–155.
Michelson, L. K., & Marchione, K. (1991). Behavioral, cognitive, and pharmacological treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia: Critique and synthesis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 100–114.
Miller, W. R., Taylor, C. A., & West, J. C. (1980). Focused versus broad-spectrum behavior therapy for problem drinkers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 590–601.
Mohr, D. C. (1995). Negative outcome in psychotherapy: A critical review. Clinical Psychology Science and Practice, 2, 1–27.
Nicholson, R. A., & Berman, J. S. (1983). Is follow-up necessary in evaluating psychotherapy? Psychological Bulletin, 93, 261–278.
Ogles, B. M., Lambert, M. J., & Sawyer, J. D. (1995). Clinical significance of the National Institute of Mental Health treatment of depression collaborative research program data. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 321–326.
Pollack, E. J. (1995, Dec. 1). Side effects: Managed care focus on psychiatric drugs alarms many doctors. The Wall Street Journal, p. A1.
Robinson, L. A., Berman, J. S., & Neimeyer, R. S. (1990). Psychotherapy for the treatment of depression: A comprehensive review of controlled outcome research. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 30–49.
Sachs, J. S. (1983). Negative factors in brief psychotherapy: An empirical assessment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 557–564.
Safran, J., & Muran, J. C. (1995). Special issue on the therapeutic alliance. In Session: Psychotherapy in Practice, 1, 3–8.
Schneider, W. J., & Pinkerton, R. S. (1986). Short-term psychotherapy and graduate training in psychology. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 17, 574–579.
Seligman, M. E. P. (1995). The effectiveness of psychotherapy: The Consumer Reports study. American Psychologist, 50, 965–974.
Shapiro, D. A., Rees, A., Barkham, M., Hardy, G., Reynolds, S., & Startup, M. (1995). Effects of treatment duration and severity of depression on the maintenance of gains of cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic interpersonal psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 378–387.
Sifneos, P. E. (1979). Short-term dynamic psychotherapy. New York: Plenum Press.
Stein, D. M., & Lambert, M. J. (1995). Graduate training in psychotherapy: Are therapy outcomes enhanced? Special section: The case for training in the provision of psychological therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 182–186.
Steinbrueck, S. M., Maxwell, S. E., & Howard, G. S. (1983). A meta-analysis of psychotherapy and drug therapy in the treatment of unipolar depression with adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 856–863.
Strupp, H. H. (1980). Success and failure in time-limited psychotherapy: Comparison I. Archives of General Psychiatry, 37, 595–603.
Weisz, J. R., Weis, B., Alicke, M. D., & Klots, M. L. (1987). Effectiveness of psychotherapy with children and adolescents: A meta-analysis for clinicians. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 542–549.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lambert, M.J., Huefner, J.C., Reisinger, C.W. (2000). Quality Improvement. In: Handbook of Quality Management in Behavioral Health. Issues in the Practice of Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4195-0_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4195-0_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6882-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-4195-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive