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Layered Functionalized Electrodes for Electrochemical Biosensor Applications

  • Chapter
Biosensors and Their Applications

Abstract

The application of redox enzymes as bioactive matrices for biosensor design is of substantial basic and practical importance.1-4 Two basic configurations for the use of enzymes in biosensor devices are outlined in Fig. 4.1. In Fig. 4.1 A, the biocatalyst generates a redox-active product that undergoes a redox transformation at the electrode interface and yields a current or a potential response. For example, biocatalyzed oxidation of substrates such as glucose or amino acids by molecular oxygen in the presence of glucose oxidase (GOx)5-8 or L-amino acid oxidase (AAOx),9 respectively, generates H2O2 as an electroactive product. The amperometric response due to the reduction of H2O2 is proportional to the substrate concentration.10 Potentiometric detection of enzymatically produced H2O2 was also used.11-12 Alternatively, the depletion of oxygen monitored at an oxygen-sensitive electrode represents a potential transduction of the substrate concentration.13 This approach was used to develop the first generation of electrochemical biosensors and the methodology has been extensively reviewed.14 The second approach to designing amperometric biosensors is shown in Fig. 4.1B. Electrocatalyzed oxidation (or reduction) of the enzyme redox center stimulates the oxidation (or reduction) of the substrate, and the resulting current is proportional to the substrate concentration. The development of such enzyme/electrode systems suffers from the basic limitation that redox enzymes usually lack direct electrical contact with electrode surfaces.15

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel

    Itamar Willner, Eugenii Katz & Bilha Willner

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  1. Itamar Willner
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  2. Eugenii Katz
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  3. Bilha Willner
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  1. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

    Victor C. Yang

  2. AMDL, Inc., Tustin, California, USA

    That T. Ngo

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Willner, I., Katz, E., Willner, B. (2000). Layered Functionalized Electrodes for Electrochemical Biosensor Applications. In: Yang, V.C., Ngo, T.T. (eds) Biosensors and Their Applications. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4181-3_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4181-3_4

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