Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Emerging Issues in Women’s Health

  • Chapter
Handbook of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings

Abstract

Women represent 51.3% of the total U.S. population: 123.8 million people (Bureau of the Census, 1987). They are the predominant consumers of health care in the United States, but they are a minority of health care providers (Bartuska, 1988;Davis, 1988;Weisman & Teitelbaum, 1989). This chapter explores the anatomy of women’s health and health care. By considering data on life expectancy, mortality, morbidity, and lifestyle among different groups of American women, we gain information on the nature of women’s health care needs. By examining the statistics on poverty and violence against women, we identify social conditions that engender poor health and create obstacles to effective health care. By documenting the status of women doctoral-level providers in medical schools, we raise concerns about the ability of these institutions to provide gender-sensitive health care and education.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adamson, T. E., Tschann, J. M., Gullion, D. S., & Oppenberg, A. A. (1989). Physician communication skills and malpractice claims: A complex relationship. The Western Journal of Medicine, 150, 356–360.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Allred, K. D., & Smith, T. W. (1989). The hardy personality: Cognitive and physiological responses to evaluate threat. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 257–266.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Amaro, H. (1988). Considerations for prevention of HIV infection among Hispanic women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 12, 429–443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (1989). The battered woman. Washington, DC: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (ACOG technical bulletin No. 124).

    Google Scholar 

  • American Medical Association Council on Scientific Affairs. (1989). Firearms injuries and deaths: A critical public health issue. Public Health Reports, 104, 111–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychological Association, Task Force on Depression. (1989). Research on women and depression. Final report. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychological Association, Women’s Program Office Public Interest Directorate. (1988). Women in the American Psychological Association 1988. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, K. O., Bradley, L. A., Young, L. D., McDaniel, L. K., & Wise, C. M. (1985). Rheumatoid arthritis: Review of psychological factors related to etiology, effects, and treatment. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 358–387.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arnold, R. M., Martin, S. C., & Parker, R. M. (1988). Taking care of patients-Does it matter whether the physician is a woman? The Western Journal of Medicine, 149, 729–733.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bankhead, C. D. (1989, March 13). Americans are having as many strokes, but fewer prove fatal. Medical World News, p. 15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartuska, D. G. (1988). Women in academic medicine: Equalizing the opportunities. The Western Journal of Medicine, 149, 779–780.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berman, A. M. (1989). Facts on women and smoking. Journal of the American Medical Women’s Association, 44, 55.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bickel, J. (1988). Women in medical education: A status report. New England Journal of Medicine, 319, 1579–1584.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Booth-Kewley, S., & Friedman, H. S. (1987). Psychological predictors of heart disease: A quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 343–362.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Braveman, P., Oliva, G., Miller, M. G., Schaff, V. M., & Reiter, R. (1988). Women without health insurance: Links between access, poverty, ethnicity, and health. The Western Journal of Medicine, 149, 708–711.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brehm, S. S., Kassin, S. M., Sr Gibbons, E X. (Eds.). (1981). Developmental social psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bureau of the Census (1987). Money, income, and poverty status of families and persons in the United States 1986. Current Population Reports (Series P-60, No. 157). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Byrd, J. C., Shapiro, R. S., & Schiedermayer, D. L. (1989). Passive smoking: A review of medical and legal issues. American Journal of Public Health, 79, 209–215.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carmen, E. H., Rieker, P. P., & Mills, T. (1984). Victims of violence and psychiatric illness. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 378–383.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carter, C. L., Jones, D. Y., Schatzkin, A., & Brinton, L. A. (1989). A prospective study of reproductive, familial, and socioeconomic risk factors for breast cancer using NHANES I data. Public Health Reports, 104, 45–50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cassel, C. K., & Neugarten, B. L. (1988). A forecast of women’s health and longevity-Implications for an aging America. The Western Journal of Medicine, 149, 712–717.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (1986a). Annual summary 1984: Reported morbidity and mortality in the United States, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 32, 114–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (1986b). Hysterectomy among women of reproductive age, United States, update for 1981–1982. CDC Surveillance Summaries: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 35, 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (1988a). Distribution of AIDS cases, by racial/ethnic group and exposure category, United States, June 1, 1981¨CJuly 4, 1988. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 37, 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (1988b). Leading major congenital malformations among minority groups in the United States, 1981–1986. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 37, 17–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (1988c). Maternal mortality surveillance, United States, 1980–1985. CDC Surveillance Summaries: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 37, 19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (1988d). Suicides among persons 15–24 years of age, 1970–1984. CDC Surveillance Summaries: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 37, 61–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (1989a). Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome associated with intravenous-drug use—United States, 1988. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 38, 165–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (1989b). Chronic disease reports: Mortality trends—United States, 19791986. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 38, 189–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (1989c). Education about adult domestic violence in U.S. and Canadian medical schools, 1987–88. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 38, 17–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (1989d). Impact of homicide on years of potential life lost in Michigan’s black population. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 38, 46, 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (1989e). Unintentional poisoning mortality—United States, 1980–1986. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 38, 153–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (1989f). Update: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome—United States, 1981–1988. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 38, 229–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (1989g). Years of potential life lost before age 65—United States, 1987. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 38, 27–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cochran, S. D. & Mays, V. M. (1989). Women and AIDS-related concerns: Roles for psychologists in helping the worried well. American Psychologist, 44, 529–535.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, J. B. (1988). Menopause. Primary Care,15, 593–606.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Comstock, L. M., Hooper, E. M., Goodwin, J. M., & Goodwin, J. S. (1982). Physician behaviors that correlate with patient satisfaction. Journal of Medical Education, 57, 105–112.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, B. L., Garvey, M. J., & Shukla, S. (1987). Alcoholism. Primary Care, 14, 685–697.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cornoni-Huntley, J., La Croix, A. Z., & Havlik, R. J. (1989). Race and sex differentials in the impact of hypertension in the United States: The national health and nutrition examination survey I epidemiological follow-up study. Archives of Internal Medicine, 149, 780–788.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Courtless, J. C., & Lowe, S. (Eds.). (1989, February). Family Economics Review, 2 (1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Crowley, A. E., & Etzel, S. I. (1988). Graduate medical evaluation in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association,260, 1093–1101.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, K. (1988). Women and health care. In S. E. Rix (Ed.), The American woman 1988–89: A status report (pp. 162–204). New York: Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dazzi, A., & Dwyer, J. (1984). Nutritional analyses of popular weight-reduction diets in books and magazines. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 3, 61–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denmark, F., Russo, N. E, Frieze, I. H., & Sechzer, J. A. (1988). Guidelines for avoiding sexism in psychological research. American Psychologist, 43, 582–585.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Department of Commerce. (1989). Statistical abstract of the United States 1989. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Department of Justice. (1986). Surgeon General’s Workshop on Violence and Public Health: Report. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Public Health Service. (1985). Report of the U.S. Public Health Service Task Force on Women’s Health Issues. (DHHS Publication No. PHS 85–50206). Washington, DC: U.S. Govrenment Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Public Health Service. (1988). Women’s health [supplement]. Public Health Reports,103, 22–33, 38–50, 62–67, 74–99, 106–139, 141–144, 147–151, 366–375, 387–393, 575–577, 592–597, 628–637.

    Google Scholar 

  • Department of Justice. (1984). Attorney General’s Task Force on Family Violence: Final report. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dickstein, L. J., & Stephenson, J. J. (1987). A national survey of women physicians in administrative roles. Journal of the American Women’s Association, 42, 108–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diehl, A. K., & Stern, M. P. (1989). Special health problems of Mexican-Americans: Obesity, gallbladder disease, diabetes mellitis, and cardiovascular disease. Advances in Internal Medicine, 34, 73–96.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doebbert, G., Riedmiller, K. R., & Kizer, K. W. (1988). Occupational mortality of California women, 1979–1981. The Western Journal of Medicine, 149, 734–740.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doty, P (1986). Family care of the elderly: The role of public policy. The Milbank Quarterly, 64, 34–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eaker, E. D. (1989). Psychosocial factors in the epidemiology of coronary heart disease in women. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 12, 167–173.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Egerter, D. (1988, August 22). Boom in STD’s setting off alarms. Medical World News, pp. 69–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ende, J., Rockwell, S., & Glasgow, M. (1984). The sexual history in general medical practice. Archives of Internal Medicine, 144, 558–561.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ettinger, B. (1988). A practical guide to preventing osteo porosis. The Western Journal of Medicine, 149, 691–695.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fiore, M. C., Novotny, T. E., Pierce, J. P., Hatziandreu, E. J., Patel, K. M., & Davis, R. M. (1989). Trends in cigarette smoking in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association, 261, 49–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flanagan, T. J., & McGarrell, E. F. (1986). Sourcebook of criminal justice statistics-1985. (NCJ-100899). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford Foundation. (1989). The common good. Policy Recommendations of the Executive Panel of the Ford Foundation Project on Social Welfare and the American Future. New York: Ford Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, H. E., Blendon, R. J., Aiken, L. H., Sudman, S., Mullunix, C. E, & Corey, C. R. (1987). Americans report on their access to health care. Health Affairs, 6, 6–18.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, E. (1988, April 25). Changing the ranks of medi-cine: Women MD’s. Medical World News, pp. 57–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Funk, S. C., & Houston, B. K. (1987). A critical analysis of the Hardiness Scale’s validity and utility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 572–578.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ganley, R. M. (1989). Emotion and eating in obesity: A review of the literature. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 8, 343–361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garraway, W. M., & Whisnant, J. P. (1987). The changing pattern of hypertension and the declining incidence of stroke. Journal of the American Medical Association, 258, 214–217.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Glaser, J. B., Strange, T. J., & Rosati, D. (1989). Heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus transmission among the middle class. Archives of Internal Medicine, 149, 645–649.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grady, K. E. (1988). Older women and the practice of breast self-examination. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 12, 473–487.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, D. S. (1989). Diagnosis and prevalence of obesity. Medical Clinics of North America, 73, 1–13.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greer, S., Dickerson, V., Schneiderman, L. J., Atkins, C., & Bass, R. (1986). Responses of male and female physicians to medical complaints in male and female patients. The Journal of Family Practice, 23, 49–53.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guzick, D. S. (1989). Clinical epidemiology of endometriosis and infertility. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America, 16, 43–59.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haffner, S. M., Diehl, A. K., Stern, M. P., & Hazuda, H. P. (1989). Central adiposity and gallbladder disease in Mexican Americans. American Journal of Epidemiology, 129, 587–595.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, R. C. W, Hoffman, R. S., Beresford, T. P., Wooley, B., Hall, A. K., & Kubasek, L. (1989). Physical illness encountered in patients with eating disorders. Psychosomatics,30, 174–191.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, J. A., Lloyd, C., Alagna, S. W, Phillips, K., & Pinkel, S. (1984). Gender, depressive subtypes, and gender-age effects on antidepressant response: Hormonal hypotheses. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 20, 475–480.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hartman-Stein, P., & Reuter, J. M. (1988). Developmental issues in the treatment of diabetic women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 12, 417–428.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hertzer, N. R., Young, J. R., Beven, E. G., O’Hara, P. J., Graor, R. A., Ruschhaupt, W. E, & Maljovec, L. C. (1986). Late results of coronary bypass in patients with peripheral vascular disease: 2. Five-year survival according to sex, hypertension, and diabetes. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 54, 15–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herzog, D. B., Keller, M. B., & Lavori, P. W. (1988). Outcome in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A review of the literature. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 176, 131–143.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hicks, D. J. (1988, November 30). The patient who’s been raped. Emergency Medicine, 106–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Higgins, L. C. (1988, November 14). Cyclical dieting poses dangers: Yo-yo dieting appears to place patients at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Medical World News, 25–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, J. W. (1987). Exercise prescription. Primary Care, 14, 817–825.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hochbaum, S. R. (1987). The evaluation and treatment of the sexually assaulted patient. OB/Gyn Emergencies, 5, 601–621.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard, A., Pion, G. M., Gottfredson, G. D., Flattau, P E., Oskamp, S., Pfafflin, S. M., Bray, D. W, & Burstein, A. G. (1986). The changing face of American psychology. American Psychologist, 41, 1311–1327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hull, J. G., Van Treuren, R., & Virnelli, S. (1987). Hardiness and health: A critique and alternative approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,53, 518–530.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, P, & McDermott, S. (1989). Family caregiver costs of chronically ill and handicapped children: Method and literature review. Public Health Reports, 104, 158–163.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson, A., & Richardson, B. (1987). Assault experiences of 100 psychiatric inpatients: Evidence of the need for routine inquiry. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 908–913.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson, A., Koehler, J. E., & Jones-Brown, C. (1987). The failure of routine assessment to detect histories of assault experienced by psychiatric patients. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 38, 386–389.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Katon, W., Ries, R. K., & Kleinman, A. (1984). The prevalence of somatization in primary care. Comparative Psychiatry, 25, 208–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, L. D., Gomez-Reino, J. J., Heinicke, M. H., & Gorevic, P. D. (1989). Male lupus: Retrospective analysis of the clinical and laboratory features of 52 patients, with a review of the literature. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 18, 189–197.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keith, L. G., MacGregor, S., Friedell, S., Rosner, M., Chasnoff, I. J., & Sciarra, J. J. (1989). Substance abuse in pregnant women: Recent experience at the perinatal center for chemical dependence of Northwestern Memorial Hospital. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 73, 715–720.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kemeny, M. E., Cohen, F., Zegans, L. S., & Conant, M. A. (1989). Psychological and immunological predictors of genital herpes recurrence. Psychosomatic Medicine, 51, 195–208.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kilpatrick, D. G., Saunders, B. E., Veronen, L. J., Best, C. L., & Von, J. M. (1987). Criminal victimization: Lifetime prevalence, reporting to police, and psychological impact. Crime and Delinquency, 33, 479–489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kinney, E. L., Trautmann, J., Gold, J. A., Vesell, E. S., & Zelis, R. (1981). Underrepresentation of women in new drug trials. Annals of Internal Medicine, 95, 495–499.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kissebah, A. H., Freedman, D. S., & Peiris, A. N. (1989). Health risks of obesity. Medical Clinics of North America, 73, 111–138.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klag, M. J., Whelton, E K., & Seidler, A. J. (1989). Decline in U.S. stroke mortality: Demographic trends and anti-hypertensive treatment. Stroke, 20, 14–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klerman, G. L., & Weissman, M. M. (1989). Increasing rates of depression. Journal of the American Medical Association, 261, 2229–2235.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klesges, R. C., & Klesges, L. M. (1988). Cigarette smoking as a dieting strategy in a university population. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 7, 413–419.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koo, D. (1989). Chronic fatigue syndrome: A critical appraisal of the role of Epstein-Barr virus. The Western Journal of Medicine, 150, 590–596.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koonin, L. M., Ellerbrock, T. V, Atrash, H. K., Rogers, M. F., Smith, J. C., Hogue, C. J. R., Harris, M. A., Chavkin, W., Parker, A. L., & Halpin, G. J. (1989). Pregnancy-associated deaths due to AIDS in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association, 261,1306–1309.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koss, M. P., Koss, P G., & Woodruff, W. J. (in press). Deleterious effects of criminal victimization on women’s health and medical utilization. Archives of Internal Medicine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koss, M. P., Woodruff, W. J., & Koss, P. G. (in press). Criminal victimization among primary care medical patients: Prevalence, incidence, and physician usage. Behavioral Sciences and the Law.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kotler, P, & Wingard, D. L. (1989). The effect of occupational, marital and parental roles on mortality: The Alameda County study. American Journal of Public Health, 79, 607–612.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leaf, D. A. (1988). A woman’s heart: An update of coronary artery disease risk in women. The Western Journal of Medicine, 149, 751–757.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lerman, C. E. (1987). Rheumatoid arthritis: Psychological factors in the etiology, course, and treatment. Clinical Psychology Review, 7, 413–425.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, C. E., & Freeman, H. E. (1987). The sexual history-taking and counseling practices of primary care physicians. Western Journal of Medicine, 147, 165–167.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenstein, M. J., Bolton, A., & Wade, G. (1989). Derivation and validation of a decision rule for predicting seat-belt utilization. The Journal of Family Practice, 28, 289–292.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lobo, R. A., & Whitehead, M. (1989). Too much of a good thing? Use of progestogens in the menopause: An international consensus statement. Fertility and Sterility, 51, 229–231.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luckmann, R. (1989). Incidence and case fatality rates for acute appendicitis in California: A population-based study of the effects of age. American Journal of Epidemiology, 129, 905–918.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lui, K., & Kendal, A. P. (1987). Impact of influenza epidemies on mortality in the United States from October 1972 to May 1985. American Journal of Public Health, 77, 712–716.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mahoney, M. C., Michalek, A. M., Cummings, K. M., Nasca, P C., & Emrich, L. J. (1989). Mortality is a northeastern Native American cohort. American Journal of Epidemiology, 129, 816–826.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Makuc, D. M., Freid, V. W., & Kleinman, J. C. (1989). National trends in the use of preventive health care by women. Journal of Public Health, 79, 21–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marin, G., Perez-Stable, E. J., & Marin, B. V. (1989). Cigarette smoking among San Francisco Hispanics: The role of acculturation and gender. American Journal of Public Health, 79, 196–198.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Markowitz, L. E., Hightower, A. W, Broome, C. V, & Reingold, A. L. (1987). Toxic shock syndrome: Evaluation of national surveillance data using a hospital discharge summary. Journal of the American Medical Association, 258, 75–78.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, C. A., Warfield, M. C., & Braen, R. (1983). Physician’s management of the psychological aspects of rape. Journal of the American Medical Association, 249, 501–503.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, S. C., Parker, R. M., & Arnold, R. M. (1988). Careers of women physicians: Choices and constraints. The Western Journal of Medicine, 149, 758–760.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matarazzo, J. D. (1984). Behavioral immunogens and pathogens in health and illness. In B. L. Hammonds & C. J. Scheirer (Eds.), Psychology and Health (pp. 5–44). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matteo, S. (1988). The risk of multiple addictions: Guidelines for assessing a woman’s alcohol and drug use. The Western Journal of Medicine, 149, 741–750.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McCue, J. D. (1989). Evaluation and management of vaginitis: An update for primary care practitioners. Archives of Internal Medicine, 149, 565–568.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mercy, J. A., & Saltzman, L. E. (1989). Fatal violence among spouses in the United States, 1976–85. American Journal of Public Health, 79, 595–599.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Metzger, D. A. & Haney, A. F (1989). Etiology of endometriosis. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America, 16, 1–14.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Michel, C., & Battig, K. (1989). Separate and combined psychophysiological effects of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. Psychopharmacology, 97, 65–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, H. I., & Young, E E. (1989). The drug approval process at the Food and Drug Administration: New biotechnology as a paradigm of a science-based activist approach. Archives of Internal Medicine, 149, 655–658.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, J. E., Pomeroy, C., & Huber, M. (1988). A clinician’s guide to the eating disorders medicine cabinet. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 7, 211–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monsen, E. R. (Ed.). (1989). Costs and benefits of nutrition services: A literature review [Supplement]. Journal of the American Dietetic Association,89, 22–29, 39–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morokoff, P. J. (1988). Sexuality and perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 12, 489–511.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moskowitz, J. M. (1989). The primary prevention of alcohol problems: A critical review of the research literature. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 50, 54–88.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nadelson, C. C. (1989). Professional issues for women. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 12, 25–33.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • National Institute of Mental Health. (1986). Family’s impact on health: A critical review and annotated bibliography. (DHHS Publication No. ADM 87–1461). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Institute of Mental Health. (1987). Women’s mental health: Agenda for research. (DHHS Publication No. ADM 87–1542). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, R. G., Becker, T M., Wiggins, C. L., Key, C. R., & Samet, J. M. (1989). Ethnic differences in mortality from acute rheumatic fever and chronic rheumatic heart disease in New Mexico, 1958–1982. The Western Journal of Medicine, 150, 46–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, R. G., Everhart, J. E., Knowler, W. C., & Bennett, P H. (1988). Incidence, prevalence, and risk factors for noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Primary Care,15, 227–250.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1987). Sex differences in unipolar depression: Evidence and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 259–282.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ockene, J. K., Sorenson, G., Kabat-Zinn, J., Ockene, I. S., & Donnelly, G. (1988). Benefits and costs of lifestyle change to reduce risk of chronic disease. Preventive Medicine, 17, 224–234.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Owen, O. E., Kavle, E., Owen, R. S., Polansky, M., Caprio, S., Mozzoli, M. A., Kendrick, Z. V, Bushman, M. C., & Boden, G. (1986). A reappraisal of caloric requirements in healthy women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 44, 1–19.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pennebaker, J. W, Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., & Glaser, R. (1988). Disclosure of traumas and immune function: Health implications for psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 239–245.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Philipp, E., Pirke, K., Siedl, M., Tuschi, R. J., Fichter, M. M., Eckert, M., & Wolfram, G. (1988). Vitamin status in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 8, 209–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pion, G. M., Bramblett, J. P., & Wicherski, M. (1987). 1985 Doctorate employment survey (Preliminary Report). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polivy, J., & Herman, C. P. (1987). Diagnosis and treatment of normal eating. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,55, 635–644.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pollner, E (1988, July 11). Heterosexual spread of AIDS poses growing threat. Medical World News, p. 14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Portans, I., White, J. M., & Staiger, P K. (1989). Acute tolerance to alcohol: Changes in subjective effects among social drinkers. Psychopharmacology, 97, 365–369.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pratt, C. M., Francis, M. J., Divine, G. W., & Young, J. B. (1989). Exercise testing in women with chest pain: Are there additional exercise characteristics that predict true positive test results? Chest, 95, 139–144.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Racy, J. C., Smith, J. W, & Ferry, P. C. (1989). Tenure for a new age: Ideas for the turn of the century. Archives of Internal Medicine, 149, 1001.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reisine, S. T., & Fifield, J. (1988). Defining disability for women and the problem of unpaid work. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 12, 401–415.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Resnick, N. M., & Greenspan, S. L. (1989). “Senile” osteoporosis reconsidered. Journal of the American Medical Association, 261, 1025–1029.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rigotti, N. A. (1989). Cigarette smoking and body weight. The New England Journal of Medicine, 320, 931–933.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rodin, J., & Salovey, P. (1989). Health psychology. Annual Review of Psychology, 40, 533–579.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, D. E. H. (1982). The prevalence and incidence of forcible rape and attempted rape of females. Victimology,7, 81–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, D. E. H. (1983). The incidence and prevalence of intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual abuse of female children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 7, 133–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Russo, N. E. (1985, September). A Women’s Mental Health Agenda. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sandler, D. P., Comstock, G. W, Helsing, K. J., & Shore, D. L. (1989). Deaths from all causes in non-smokers who lived with smokers. American Journal of Public Health, 79, 163–167.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schocken, D. D., Holloway, J. D., & Powers, P. S. (1989). Weight loss and the heart: Effects of anorexia nervosa and starvation. Archives of Internal Medicine, 149, 877–881.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schousboe, J. T, Koch, A. E., & Chang, R. W. (1988). Chronic lupus peritonitis with ascites: Review of the literature with case report. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 18, 121–126.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, D. M., Thompson, M. G., & Johnson, C. L. (1982). Anorexia nervosa and bulimia: The socio-cultural context. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 1, 20–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwenk, T. L., Marquez, J. T., Lefever, R. D., & Cohen, M. (1989). Physician and patient determinants of difficult physician-patient relationships. The Journal of Family Practice, 28, 59–63.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sebastian, J. L., McKinney, W. P, & Young, M. J. (1989). Epidemiology and interaction of risk factors in cardiovascular disease. Primary Care,16, 31–47.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Segal, K. R., & Pi-Sunyer, E. X. (1989). Exercise and obesity. Medical Clinics of North America, 73, 217–236.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sherlock, S. (1988). Liver disease in women: Alcohol, auto-immunity, and gallstones. The Western Journal of Medicine, 149, 683–686.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Slattery, M. L., Robison, L. M., Schuman, K. L., French, T. K., Abbott, T. M., Overall, J. C., & Gardner, J. W. (1989). Cigarette smoking and exposure to passive smoke are risk factors for cervical cancer. Journal of the American Medical Association, 261, 1593–1598.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J. C., Mercy, J. A., & Conn, J. M. (1988). Marital status and risk of suicide. American Journal of Public Health, 78, 78–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R. P. (1989). Sexaal counseling made simple. Resident and Staff Physician, 35, 85–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sorenson, S. B., Stein, J. A., Siegel, J. M., Golding, J. M., & Burnam, M. A. (1988). Prevalence of adult sexual assault: The Los Angeles Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 126, 1154–1164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stark, E., Flitcraft, A., Zuckerman, D., Grey, A., Robison, J., & Frazier, W. (1981). Wife abuse in the medical setting: An introduction for health personnel. (Domestic violence monograph series no. 7). Rockville, MD: National Clearinghouse on Domestic Violence.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoffelmayr, B., Hoppe, R. B., & Weber, N. (1989). Facilitating patient participation: The doctor-patient encounter. Primary Care, 16, 265–278.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, M. A., Gelles, R. S., & Steinmetz, J. K. (1980). Behind closed doors: Violence in the American family. Garden City, NJ: Anchor/Doubleday, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strickland, B. R. (1988). Sex-related differences in health and illness. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 12, 381–399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Talion, J. R. (1989). A health policy agenda proposal for including the poor. Journal of the American Medical Association, 261, 1044.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tell, G. S., Howard, G., McKinney, W. M., & Toole, J. F. (1989). Cigarette smoking cessation and extracranial carotid atherosclerosis. Journal of the American Medical Association, 261, 1178–1180.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thorpe, K. E., Siegel, J. E., & Dailey, T. (1989). Including the poor: The fiscal impacts of medicaid expansion. Journal of the American Medical Association, 261, 1003–1007.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Unger, K. B. (1988). Chemical dependency in women: Meeting the challenges of accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. The Western Journal of Medicine, 149, 746–750.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Plate, C., Aral, S. O., & Magder, L. (1988). The relationship among genital herpes simplex virus, stress, and social support. Health Psychology, 7, 159–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Strien, T., & Bergers, G. P. A. (1988). Overeating and sex-role orientation in women. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 7, 89–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verbrugge, L. M. (1985). Gender and health: An update on hypotheses and evidence. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 26, 156–182.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Verbrugge, L. M., & Madans, J. H. (1985). Social roles and health trends of American women. The Milbank Quarterly, 63, 691–735.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vetter, B. M. (1989, May 5). Bad news for women scientists-and the country. The AAAS Observer, 10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallis, L. A., Gilder, H., & Thaler, H. (1981). Advancement of men and women in medical academia. Journal of the American Medical Association,246, 2350–2353.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, B. W., & Schiff, I. (1989). Symptoms and treatment of the menopause. Resident and Staff Physician, 35, 33–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weisman, C. S., & Teitelbaum, M. A. (1989). Women and health care communication. Patient Education and Counseling, 13, 183–199.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wenger, N. K. (1985). Coronary disease in women. Annual Review of Medicine, 36, 285–294.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wickes, S. L. (1988). Premenstrual syndrome. Primary Care, 15, 473–487.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Women’s Research and Education Institute. (1987). Who cares? The health care gap and how to bridge it. Proceedings of the April 30, 1986 Conference in Washington, D.C. sponsored by the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation, Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute, and the Women’s Research and Education Institute. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyatt, G. E. (1985). The sexual abuse of Afro-American and White-American women in childhood. Child Abuse and Neglect, 9, 507–519.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wyatt, G. E., & Powell, G. J. (1988). Lasting effects of child sexual abuse. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • York, R., Freeman, E., Lowery, B., & Strauss, J. F. (1989). Characteristics of premenstrual syndrome. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 73, 601–605.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zuckerman, B., Frank, D. A., Hingson, R., Amaro, H., Levenson, S. M., Kayne, H., Parker, S., Vinci, R., Aboagye, K., Fried, L. E., Cabral, H., Timperi, R., & Bauchner, H. (1989). Effects of maternal marijuana and cocaine use on fetal growth. The New England Journal of Medicine, 320, 762–768.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85724, USA

    Mary P. Koss & W. Joy Woodruff

Authors
  1. Mary P. Koss
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. W. Joy Woodruff
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Evanston Hospital and Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA

    Jerry J. Sweet , Ronald H. Rozensky  & Steven M. Tovian ,  & 

  2. Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Jerry J. Sweet , Ronald H. Rozensky  & Steven M. Tovian ,  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Koss, M.P., Woodruff, W.J. (1991). Emerging Issues in Women’s Health. In: Sweet, J.J., Rozensky, R.H., Tovian, S.M. (eds) Handbook of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3792-2_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3792-2_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6690-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-3792-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation