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Asthma Treatment pp 161–170Cite as

Injury and Repair of the Airway Epithelium in Asthma

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Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((NSSA,volume 229))

Abstract

Injury of the surface epithelium of the airway is a well recognized and prominent feature in asthma (1,2). Desquamation of clusters of ciliated epithelial cells occur regularly. Recognized as a feature of asthma, these epithelial cell clusters have been termed “creola bodies (3)”. Histologic studies of airways following an acute episode of asthma often reveal marked loss of the surface lining cells. Occasionally, the basement membrane may be covered only by basal cells. The precise mechanisms which lead to this damage of the airway epithelium are unclear. Current concepts suggest, however, that the epithelium is damaged as a consequence of the inflammatory process which characterizes an acute episode of asthma. Vasodilatation with leakage of fluid into the interstitial space may create hydrostatic forces which could damage the surface epithelium (4). In addition, acute asthma is characterized by a marked accumulation of acute inflammatory cells including eosinophils and neutrophils (5-11). Both of these cell types possess a considerable armamentarium of proteases, oxidants and toxic molecules. There are, therefore, a number of mechanisms by which airway epithelial cell damage could result. In this regard, eosinophil major basic protein has been demonstrated to be toxic to airway epithelial cells in culture (12). Similarly, activated neutrophils are capable of causing airway epithelial cell cytotoxicity (13). Purified human neutrophil elastase, moreover, is capable of inducing epithelial cell detachment from the subjacent matrix (14).

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska, 600 50 42nd St., 68105, Omaha, USA

    Stephen I. Rennard, Kathleen A. Rickard, Debra J. Romberger, Joe D. Beckmann, Oliviero Sacco, Masashi Kawamoto & John R. Spurzem

Authors
  1. Stephen I. Rennard
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  2. Kathleen A. Rickard
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  3. Debra J. Romberger
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  4. Joe D. Beckmann
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  5. Oliviero Sacco
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  6. Masashi Kawamoto
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  7. John R. Spurzem
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Parma, Parma, Italy

    D. Olivieri

  2. National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK

    P. J. Barnes

  3. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    S. S. Hurd

  4. University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    G. C. Folco

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© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Rennard, S.I. et al. (1992). Injury and Repair of the Airway Epithelium in Asthma. In: Olivieri, D., Barnes, P.J., Hurd, S.S., Folco, G.C. (eds) Asthma Treatment. NATO ASI Series, vol 229. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3446-4_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3446-4_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6525-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-3446-4

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