Skip to main content

Carotenoid Biosynthesis and Regulation in Plants

  • Chapter
Secondary-Metabolite Biosynthesis and Metabolism

Abstract

Great impetus to the investigation of carotenoid biosynthesis was given by the introduction of Porter and Lincoln (1950) of the hypothesis that coloured carotenoids were formed by the sequential dehydrogenation of the unsaturated polyenes detected in several tomato fruit lines. Since then the implications of these studies have led to a massive exploration which now allows to describe the different steps of the biosynthetic pathway. Several reviews (Porter and Spurgeon, 1979; Camara and Monéger, 1982; Porter and Spurgeon, 1983; Jones and Porter, 1986; Bramley and Mackenzie, 1988; Britton, 1988) present different pictures of our advances in this field, but they also inevitably point to persistent gaps in our understanding. A search of the literature leaves the impression that as far as the enzymology and the underlying basis of its control are concerned, little progress has been made there. The lag can be accounted for by the exceptionally great difficulties that such studies must face. In this chapter, we wish to consider some of the recent development in this area, focusing mainly on higher plants.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Bach, T. L, 1987, Synthesis and metabolism of mevalonic acid in plants, Plant Phvsiol., Biochem. 25: 163.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bartley, G. E., and Scolnik, P. A., 1989, Carotenoid biosynthesis in photosynthetic bacteria -Genetic characterization of the Rhodobactercapsuìatus Crt I protein., J. Biol. Chem., 264: 13109.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bauerle, R. E., Lutke-Brinkhaus, F., Ortmann, B., Berger, S., and Kleinig, H., .1990, Prenyl and fatty-acid synthesis in isolated Acetabularia chloroplasts, Planta , 181: 229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ben -Amotz, A., Lers, A., and Avron, M., 1988, Stereoisomers of B-carotene and phytoene in the Alga Dunaliella bardawil. ,Plant Phvsiol., 86: 1286.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beyer, P., Mayer, M., and Kleinig, H., 1989, Molecular oxygen and the state of geometric isomerism of intermediates are essential in the carotene desaturation and cyclization reactions in daffodil chromoplasts, Eur. J. Biochem., 184: 141.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bramley, P. M., and Mackenzie, A., 1988, Regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis, Curr. Top. Cell. Regul., 29: 291.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Britton, G., 1988, Biosynthesis of carotenoids. in: “Plant Pigments,” T. W., Goodwin, ed, Academic Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caelles, C., Ferrer, A., Balcells, L., Hegardt, F. G. and Boronat, A, 1989, Isolation and structural characterization of cDNA encoding Arabidopsis thaliana 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, Plant Molec. Biol. 13: 627.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camara, B., 1991, Plant phytoene synthase complex: component enzymes, immunology and biogenesis, Methods Enzvmol. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Camara, B., Bardat, F., Dogbo, O., Brangeon, J., and Monéger, R., 1983, Teφenoid metabolism in plastids -Isolation and biochemical characteristics of Capsicum annuum chromoplasts, Plant Phvsiol., 74: 94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Camara, B., Bardat, F., and Monéger, R., 1988, Sites of biogenesis of carotenoids in Capsicum annuum ,Eur. J. Biochem., 127:255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Camara, B., Bousquet , J., Cheniclet, C., Carde, J. P., Kuntz, M., and Weil J. H.,1989, Enzymology of isoprenoid biosynthesis and expression of plastid and nuclear genes during chromoplast differentiation in pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum), in: ” Physiology, Biochemistry, and Genetic of Nongreen plastids,” C. T. Boyer, J. C. Shannon, and R. C. Hardison; eds, ASPP, Rockville,Maryland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Camara, B, Dogbo, O., d’Harlingue, A., and Bardat, F., 1985a, Inhibition of lycopene cyclization from Capsicum chromoplast membranes by 2-aza-2,3 dihydrosqualene Phvtochemistrv. 24:2751.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camara, B.,Dogbo, O., d’Harlingue, A., Kleinig, H., and Monéger, R., 1985b, Metabolism of plastid terpenoids: lycopene cyclization by Capsicum chromoplast membranes, Biochim. Biophvs. Acta , 836:262.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camara, B., and Monéger, R.,1980, Carotenoid biosynthesis: Biogenesis of capsanthin and capsorubin in pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum) ,in :” Biogenesis and Function of Plant Lipids”, P. Mazliak, P. Benveniste, C. Costes and R. Douce ,eds, Elsevier Biomed. Press, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Camara, B., and Monéger, R., 1982, Biosynthetic capabilities and localization of enzymatic activities in carotenoid metabolism of Capsicum annuum isolated chromoplasts. Phvsiol. Vég., 20: 757.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chye, M. L., Kush, A., Tan, C. T., and Chua, N. H.,1991, Characterization of genomic clones encoding 3 -hydroxy -3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase from Hevea brasiliensis ,Plant Molec. Biol., 16:567.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dogbo, O., Bardat, F., Laferrière, A., Quennemet, J., Brangeon, J., and Camara, B., 1987, Metabolism of plastid terpenoids: I: Biosynthesis of phytoene in plastid stroma isolated from higher plants, Plant Sci.,49: 89.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dogbo, O., and Camara, B.,1987, Purification of isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase from Capsicum chromoplasts by affinity chromatography, Biochim. Biophvs. Acta , 920: 140.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dogbo, A., Laferrière , A., d’Harlingue ,A. and Camara ,B., 1988, Carotenoid biosynthesis: isolation and characterization of a bifunctional enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of phytoene, Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA, 85: 7054.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, J. C, 1987, Control of isoprenoid biosynthesis in higher plants, Adv.Bot. Res 14: 25.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, J. C., and Kekwick, R. G. O., 1973, Mevalonate kinase in green leaves and etiolated cotyledons of the french beans Phaseolus vulgaris. ,Biochem J. 133: 335.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heintze, A. Gorlach, J., Leuschner, C., Hoppe, P., Hagelstein, P., Schulze-Siebert, and Schultz, G., 1990, Plastidic isoprenoid synthesis during development -Change from metabolic autonomy to a division -of-labor stage, Plant PhysioL, 93:1121.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hugueney, P., and Camara, B., 1990, Purification and characterization of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase from Capsicum annuum , FEBS Letters, 273:235.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, B. L., and Porter, J. W., 1986 Biosynthesis of carotenes in higher plants, CRC Critical. Rev. Plant Sci., 3: 295.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirk, J. T. O, 1978, The Biochemical basis for plastid autonomy, in: ” The Plastids,” J. T. O., Kirk, and, R. A. E. Tilney-Bassett, Elsvier Biomed Press, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleinig, H., 1989, The role of plastids in isoprenoid biosynthesis, Annu Rev. Plant Phvsiol. Mol. Biol., 40: 39.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kreuz, K , and Kleinig, H., 1982, On the compartmentation of isopentenyl diphosphate synthesis and utilization in plant cells, Planta, 153:578.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuntz, M., Römer, S., Suire, C., Hugueney, P., Weil, J. H., Schantz, R. and Camara, B., 1992 Identification of a cDNA for the plastid-located geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase from Capsicum chromoplast: correlative increase in enzyme activity and transcript level during fruit ripening. Plant J. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Laferrière, A., 1989, Enzyme de biosynthèse des isoprénoîdes: Purification et caractérisation de la géranylgéranyl pyrophosphate synthase des étioplastes de moutarde (Sinapis alba L.), Ph.D. Thesis Université Bordeaux I, Bordeaux.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laferrière, A., and Beyer, P., 1991, Purification of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase from Sinapisa/feaetioplasts. Biochim. Biophvs. Acta. 1077: 167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Learned, R. M., and Fink, G. R., 1989, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase from Arabidopsis thaliana is structurally distinct from the yeast and animal enzymes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 86: 2779.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayfield, S. P., Nelson, T, Taylor, W C., and Malkin, R.,1986, Carotenoid synthesis and pleiotropic effects in carotenoid deficient seedlings of maize, Planta. 169: 23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, F. D. and , Shepard, D. C.,1978, Chloroplast autonomy in pigment synthesis, Protoplasma, 94:1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Narita, J. O., and Gruissem, W.,1989, Tomato hydroxymethyl-CoA reductase is required early in fruit development but not during ripening, Plant Cell., 1: 181.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Porter, J. W., and Lincoln, R.E., 1950, Lycopersicon selections containing high content of carotenes and colorless polyenes. II. The mechanism of carotene biosynthesis, Arch. Biochem. Biophvs., 27: 390.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Porter,J. W., and Spurgeon, S. L., 1979, Enzymatic synthesis of carotenes. Pure Appl. Çhem., 51:609.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Porter, J. W., and Spurgeon, S. L., 1983, Biosynthesis of carotenoids, in: “Biosynthesis of Isoprenoid Compounds”, J. W., Porter, and S. L., Spurgeon, eds, Wiley-Interscience Publication, New york.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poulter, C. D., and Rilling H. C., 1981a, Prenyltransferases and isomerases, in: “Biosynthesis of Isoprenoid Compounds.”,J. W.,Porter, and S. L, Spurgeon, eds, Wiley-Interscience Publication, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poulter,C. D.and , Rilling, H. C., 1981b, Conversion of farnesyl pyrophosphate to squalene, in :”Biosynthesis of Isoprenoid Compounds.”, J. W., Porter, and S. L.,Spurgeon, eds, Wiley -Interscience Publication, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qureshi, N., and Porter, J. W., 1981, Conversion of acetyl -coenzyme A to isopentenyl pyrophosphate, in: “Biosynthesis of Isoprenoid Compounds”, J. W., Porter, and S. L., Spurgeon, eds, Wiley -Interscience Publication, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ridley, S. M., 1982, Carotenoids and herbicide action, in: “Carotenoid Chemistry and Biochemistry.” G., Britton , and T. W., Goodwin, eds, Pergamon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, L. J., Shah, S. P.J., and Goodwin, T.W., 1966, Intracellular localization of mevalonate-activating enzymes in plant cells, Biochem. J., 99: 381.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, A., Sandmann, G., Amstrong, G. A., Hearst, J. E., and Böger, P.,1989, Immunological detection of phytoene desaturase in algae and higher plants using an antiserum raised against a bacterial fusion-gene construct., Eur J. Biochem., 184: 375.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, G., 1990, Biosynthesis of -tocopherol in chloroplasts of higher plants, Fat Sci. Technol., 92: 86.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schulze-Siebert D., and Schultz, G., 1987, Full autonomy in isoprenoid synthesis in spinach chloroplast., Plant Phvsiol. Biochem., 25:145.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spurgeon, S. L., Sathamoorthy, N., and Porter, J. W., 1984, Isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase and prenyltranferase from tomato fruit plastids, Arch. Biochem. Biophvs. 230:446.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Z., Park, H., Lacy, G. H., and Cramer, C. L., 1991, Differential activation of Potato 3-Hydroxy-3-methyíglutaryl coenzyme A reductase genes by wounding and pathogen challenge, Plant Cell, 3: 397.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yokoyama, H., Hsu, W. J., Poling, S. M., and Hayman , E.,1982, Chemical regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis, in: “Carotenoid Chemistry and Biochemistry.”G., Britton , and T. W., Goodwin, Pergamon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Camara, B. et al. (1992). Carotenoid Biosynthesis and Regulation in Plants. In: Petroski, R.J., McCormick, S.P. (eds) Secondary-Metabolite Biosynthesis and Metabolism. Environmental Science Research, vol 44. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3012-1_24

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3012-1_24

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6312-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-3012-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics