Abstract
In celestial mechanics the term orbit describes the motion of a body in a gravitational field. A body is called a test particle if its mass is so small as not to contribute to the gravitational field of other bodies. In translational motion (i.e., neglecting the rotation of the test particle about its center of mass) the total mechanical energy is composed of kinetic energy (a nonnegative quantity) and potential energy (a nonpositive quantity). Orbits can be bounded or unbounded if the particle’s energy is negative or nonnegative, respectively. Nongravitational forces such as air drag, aerodynamic lift, light pressure, and electromagnetic field are considered as perturbations to the motion, chiefly governed by the gravitational field of one or more celestial bodies. Despite the very high variety of complex orbits that celestial bodies describe, all orbits represent a spontaneous evolution of a system of bodies starting from some initial condition. In other words, in celestial mechanics the time evolution of a system cannot be altered in any way.
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© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York
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Violi, V., Vulpetti, G. (1993). Orbits and Controlled Trajectories. In: Tirró, S. (eds) Satellite Communication Systems Design. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3006-0_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3006-0_8
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