Abstract
Walpurgis Night came to Montreal and Quebec City, Canada, just before 3 A.M. on March 13 in 1989, when the Quebec power grid crashed, after a series of extraordinary solar flares. The crash was quickly followed by the collapse of other generating capacity as the networked power grid protected itself from the excessive demands caused by the massive failure. The unnatural night lasted nine hours and many Quebecquois were without electricity for much longer than that.
From veils of haze now comes the gleam, Here to a tender scarf it tapers, Here gushes forth a vivid stream; Then threads of light in a network surging Their silver veins through valleys run, Till, gathered by the hills converging, The sundered filaments are one.
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Rust, D.M. (1993). Origins and Effects of Solar Flares. In: Swenberg, C.E., Horneck, G., Stassinopoulos, E.G. (eds) Biological Effects and Physics of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Radiation. NATO ASI Series, vol 243B. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2916-3_4
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