Abstract
Chromosome 21 is the smallest and one of the best mapped of the human chromosomes. It, therefore, represents a good model system for transcriptional mapping efforts. To construct a comprehensive transcriptional map, the technique of cDNA hybrid selection is being applied to a minimal contig of YAC clones spanning the long arm. Presented here are preliminary results for four YACs representing ≈2 Mb of non-overlapping DNA. While the cDNA hybrid selection approach is rapid and robust, several difficulties remain to be solved in actual map construction. Some of these are associated with YAC chimerism questions, pseudogenes and members of gene families; others involve verification of exonic material and rapid generation of a non-redundant gene set.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
K. Gardiner, M. Horisberger, J. Kraus, U. Tantravahi, J. Korenberg, V. Rao, S. Reddy, and D. Patterson, Analysis of human chromosome 21: correlation of physical and cytogenetic maps; gene and CpG island distributions, EMBO J. 9:25 (1990).
H. Ichikawa, F. Hosoda, Y. Arai, K. Shimizu, M. Ohira, and M. Ohki, A complete NOTI restriction map of the entire long arm of human chromosome 21, Nature Genetics 4:361 (1993).
M.J. Owen, L.A. James, J.A. Hardy, R. Williamson, and A.M. Goate, Physical mapping around the Alzheimer disease locus on the proximal long arm of chromosome 21, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 46:316 (1990).
M. Burmeister, S. Kim, E.R. Price, T. de Lange, U. Tantravahi, R.M. Myers, and D.R. Cox, A map of the distal region of the long arm of human chromosome 21 constructed by radiation hybrid mapping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, Genomics 9:19 (1991).
D.R. Cox, M. Burmeister, E.R. Price, S. Kim, and R.M. Meyer, Radiation hybrid mapping: A somatic cell genetic method for constructuring high-resolution maps of mammalian chromosomes, Science 250:245 (1990).
F. Tassone, S. Cheng, and K. Gardiner, Analysis of chromosome 21 Yeast Artificial Chromosome (YAC) clones, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 51:1251 (1992).
K. Gardiner, Physical mapping of the long arm of chromosome 21, in: “Molecular Genetics of Chromosome 21 and Down Syndrome,” D. Patterson and C.J. Epstein eds., Wiley-Liss, Inc., New York (1990).
K. Gardiner, B. Aissani, and G. Bernardi, A compositional map of human chromosome 21, EMBO J. 9:1853 (1990).
S. Parimoo, S.R. Patanjhali, G. Shukla, D.D. Chaplin, and S.M. Weissman, cDNA selections: Efficient PCR approach for the selection of cDNAs encoded in large chromosomal DNA fragments, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 88:9623 (1991).
D. Patterson, Report of the Second International Workshop on Human Chromosome 21, Cytogenet. Cell. Genet. 57:167 (1991).
I. Chumakov, P. Rigault, S. Guillou, P. Ougen, A. Billaut, G. Guasconi, P. Gervy, I. LeGall, P. Soularue, L. Grinas, L. Bougueleret, C. Bellanne-Chantelot, B. Lacroix, E. Barillot, P. Gesnouin, S. Pook, G. Vaysseix, G. Frelat, A. Shmitz, J.-L. Sambucy, A. Bosch, X. Estivill, J. Weissenbach, A. Vignal, H. Riethman, D. Cox, D. Patterson, K. Gardiner, M. Hattori, Y. Sakaki, H. Ichikawa, M. Ohki, D. Le Pastier, R. Hellig, S. Antonarakis, and D. Cohen, A continuum of overlapping clones spanning the entire human chromosome 21q, Nature 359:380 (1992).
S. Graw, D. Patterson, and K. Gardiner, Chromosome 21 YAC contigs, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 53:1297 (1993).
B. Chomzynski and N. Sacchi, Rapid RNA isolation, Anal. Biochem. 162:156 (1987).
J.G. Morgan, G.M. Dolganov, S.E. Robbins, L.M. Hinton, and M. Lovett, The selective isolation of novel cDNAs encoded by the regions surrounding the human interleukin 4 and 5 genes, Nud Acids Res. 20:5173 (1992).
S.R. Patanjali, S. Parimoo, and S.M. Weissman, Construction of a uniform-abundance (normalized) cDNA library, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:1943 (1991).
B. Korn, Z. Sedlacek, A. Manca, P. Kioschis, D. Konecki, H. Lehrach, and A. Poustka, A strategy for the selection of transcribed sequences in the Xq28 region, Hum. Molec. Genet. 1:235 (1992).
K. Chowdhury, G. Dressler, G. Breier, U. Deutsch, and P. Gruss, The primary structure of the murine multifinger gene mKr2 and its specific expression in developing and adult neurons, EMBO J. 7:1345 (1988).
M. Aubry, C. Marineau, F.R. Zhang, L. Zahed, D. Figlewicz, O. DeLattre, G. Thomas, P.J. DeJong, J.P. Julien, and G.A. Rouleau, Cloning of six new genes with zinc finger motifs mapping to short and long arms of human acrocentric chromosome 22 (p and q11.2), Genomics 13:641 (1992).
A. Feinberg and B. Vogelstein, Addendum to “A technique for radiolabelling DNA to high specific activity,” Anal. Biochem. 137:266 (1984).
E.C. Uberbacher and R.J. Mural, Locating protein-coding regions in human DNA sequences by a multiple sensor-neural network approach, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 88:11261 (1991).
W. Gish and D.J. Status, Identification of protein coding regions by database similarity search, Nature Genetics 3:266 (1993).
P.E. Nisson, A. Rashtchian, and P.C. Watkins, Rapid and efficient cloning of Alu-PCR products using uracil DNA glycosylase, in: “PCR Methods and Applications,” Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (1991).
D. Mouchiroud, G. D’Onofrio, B. Aissani, G. Macaya, C. Gautier, and G. Bernardi, The distribution of genes in the human genome, Gene 100:181 (1991).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gardiner, K. et al. (1994). Towards a Transcriptional Map of Human Chromosome 21. In: Hochgeschwender, U., Gardiner, K. (eds) Identification of Transcribed Sequences. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2562-2_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2562-2_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6094-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-2562-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive