Abstract
Inadequate supply of dietary vitamin A is a risk factor of cervical. neoplasia (La Vecchia et al. 1984), and retinoic acid or beta-carotene administration might protect against the effects of such risk factors of cervical. neoplasia as human papillomavirus (HPV), and smoking (Winkelstein 1991). Since HPV infections are common and vitamin A intake is vital, it is necessary to try to define their possible interactions. At least three subsidiary interactions exist: 1. Lack of dietary vitamin A increases susceptibility to infections (Sommer 1993) and impairs the subsequent immune response (Ross 1992). 2. HPV replication takes place in intermediate and superficial. keratinocytes (Howley 1990), the differentiation of which is largely determined by retinoic acid (Gorodeski et al. 1990). 3. Retinoic acid receptors downregulate expression of early HPV genes including the viral. oncogenes E6 and E7 (Khan et al. 1993), while in the papillomavirus transformed cells and cervical. neoplasia expression of cellular retinol and retinoic acid binding proteins is upregulated (Hillemanns et al. 1992).
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© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York
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Lehtinen, M. et al. (1994). IgG Antibodies to Human Papillomavirus Type 16 and Serum Retinol May Jointly Protect Against Cervical Neoplasia. In: Stanley, M.A. (eds) Immunology of Human Papillomaviruses. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2449-6_20
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2449-6_20
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