Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Handbook of Aggressive and Destructive Behavior in Psychiatric Patients pp 363–394Cite as

Conduct Disorder

  • Chapter

Abstract

Child conduct disorder (CD) is composed of a diverse array of troublesome aggressive and antisocial acts. The behaviors include fighting, stealing, lying, defiance, property destruction, temper outbursts, and other coercive or hostile acts (e.g., threats of violence, sexual aggression). Individually, these behaviors are both common and problematic in their own right. Official crime statistics indicate that more than 1.4 million juveniles in this country were arrested for nonindex crimes (e.g., vandalism, running away) and nearly 900,000 for index crimes (e.g., larceny/theft, robbery) in 1986 (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1987). Many of these behaviors are pervasive among patient and nonpatient populations (Kazdin, 1985, 1987a). Given their prevalence, antisocial behaviors are quite costly to society. For example, the expected crime and correction costs for a repeated juvenile offender in one report were between $225,000 and $350,000 on a lifetime basis that reflected 1.5 arrests per year over a 13.3-year period of criminal activity (Greenwood, unpublished paper, cited in Shamsie & Hluchy, 1991). The other costs involved are less tangible and include the personal, family, and community impact of serious antisocial behavior.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alexander, J. F., & Parson, B. V. (1982). Functional family therapy. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 3rd Edition. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 3rd Edition, Revised. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association (1993). DSM-IV draft criteria. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • August, G. J., & Stewart, M. A. (1982). Is there a syndrome of pure hyperactivity? British Journal of Psychiatry,140, 305–311.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bank, L., Marlowe, J. H., Reid, J. B., Patterson, G. R., & Weinrott, M. R. (1991). A comparative evaluation of parent-training interventions for families of chronic delinquents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 19, 15–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barkley, R. A. (1987). Defiant children: A clinician’s manual for parent training. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baum, J. G., Clark, H. B., McCarthy, W., Sandler, J., & Carpenter, R. (1986). An analysis of the acquisition and generalization of social skills in troubled youths: Combining social skills training, cognitive self-talk, and relaxation procedures. Child and Family Behavior Therapy,8, 1–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bierman, K. L. (1986). Aggression and peer rejection in children and adolescents. In R. J. Prinz (Ed.), Advances in behavioral assessment of children and families (Vol. 2, pp. 151–178). Greenwich, CT: Jai Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bierman, K. L., & Furman, W. (1984). The effects of social skills training and peer involvement on the social adjustment of preadolescents. Child Development,55, 151–162.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bierman, K. L., Miller, C. L., & Stabb, S. D. (1987). Improving the social behavior and peer acceptance of rejected boys: Effects of social skill training with instructions and prohibitions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 194–200.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blechman, E. A. (1987). Solving child and behavior problems at home and at school, Champaign, IL: Research Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blechman, E. A., Kotanchik, N. L., & Taylor, C. J. (1981). Families and schools together: Early behavioral intervention with high risk children. Behavior Therapy, 132, 308–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boldizar, J. P., Perry, D. G., & Perry, L. C. (1989). Outcome values and aggression. Child Development,60, 571–579.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bornstein, M., Bellack, A. S., & Hersen, M. (1980). Social skills training for highly aggressive children: Treatment in an inpatient setting. Behavior Modification,4, 173–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyd-Franklin, N. (1989). Black families in therapy: A multisystems approach. New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brent, D. A. (1987). Correlates of the medical lethality of suicide attempts in children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,26, 87–89.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brent, D. A., & Kolko, D. J. (1990). Suicide and suicidal behavior in children and adolescents. In B. D. Garfinkel, G. Carlson, & E. Weller (Eds.), The medical basis of child and adolescent psychiatry (pp. 372–391). Philadelphia: Saunders.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchard, J. D., & Clark, R. T. (1990). The role of individualized care in a service delivery system for children and adolescents with severely maladjusted behavior. Journal of Mental Health Administration,17, 48–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cairns, R. B., Peterson, G., & Neckerman, H. J. (1988). Suicidal behavior in aggressive adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 17, 298–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Camp, B. W, & Ray, R. S. (1984). Aggression. In A. W. Meyers & W. E. Craighead (Eds.), Cognitive behavior therapy with children (pp. 315–350). New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, S. B., & Ewing, L. J. (1990). Follow-up of hard-to-manage preschoolers: Adjustment at age 9 and predictors of continuing symptoms. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31, 871–889.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Caspi, A., Elder, G. H., & Bem, D. J. (1987). Moving against the world: Life course patterns of explosive children. Developmental Psychology, 23, 308–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chamberlain, R., & Baldwin, D. V. (1987). Client resistance to parent training: Its therapeutic management. In T. R. Kratochwill (Ed.), Advances in school psychology (Vol. 6). Northvale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coie, J. D., & Dodge, K. A. (1987). Social-information processing factors in reactive and proactive aggression in children’s peer groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 1146–1158.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coie, J. D., & Krehbiel, G. (1984). Effects of academic tutoring on the social status of low-achieving, socially rejected children. Child Development, 55, 1465–1478.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cole, D. A., & Carpentier, S. (1990). Social status and the comorbidity of child depression and conduct disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 748–757.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Compas, B. E. (1987). Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 293–403.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crowell, D. H., Evans, I. M., & O’Donnell, C. R. (1987). Childhood aggression and violence. New York: Plenum.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Curry, J. E, & Craighead, W. E. (1990). Attributional style in clinically depressed and conduct disordered adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,58, 109–115.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dabbs, J. M., Frady, R. L., Carr, T. S., & Besch, N. G. (1987). Salivary testosterone and criminal violence in young adult prison inmates. Psychosometric Medicine, 49, 174–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dadds, M. R., Sanders, M. R., Behrens, B. C., & James, J. E. (1987). Marital discord and child behavior problems: A description of family interactions during treatment. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology,16, 192–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dadds, M. R., Sanders, M. R., & James, J. E. (1987). The generalization of treatment effects in parent training with multidistressed parents. Behavioural Psychotherapy,15, 289–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dadds, M. R., Schwartz, S., & Sanders, M. R. (1987). Marital discord and treatment outcome in behavioral treatment of child conduct disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,55, 396–403.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dangel, R. E, & Polster, R. A. (1988). Teaching child management skills. New York: Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • DiGiuseppe, R. (1988). A cognitive-behavioral approach to the treatment of conduct disorder children and adolescents. In N. Epstein, S. E. Schlesinger, & W. Dryden (Eds.), Cognitive behavioral therapy with families (pp. 183–214). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dishion, T. J., Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., & Patterson, G. R. (1984). Skill deficits and male adolescent delinquency. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 12, 37–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dodge, K. A. (1986). A social information processing model of social competence in children. In M. Perlmutter (Ed.), Minnesota symposium on child psychology (Vol. 18, 77–125). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodge, K. A. (1990). Nature versus nurture in childhood conduct disorder: It is time to ask a different question. Developmental Psychology, 26, 698–701.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dodge, K. A., McClaskey, C. L., & Feldman, E. (1985). Situational approach to the assessment of social competence in children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,53, 344–355.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dodge, K. A., Price, J. M., Bachorowski, J. A., & Newman, J. P. (1990). Hostile attributional biases in severely aggressive adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 385–392.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dubow, E. E, Huesmann, L. R., & Eron, L. D. (1987). Mitigating aggression and promoting prosocial behavior in aggressive elementary school boys. Behavioral Residential Treatment,25, 527–531.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dumas, J. E. (1989). Treating antisocial behavior in children: Child and family approaches. Clinical Psychology Review, 9, 197–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dumas, J. E., & Gibson, J. A. (1990). Behavioral correlates of maternal depressive symptomatology in conduct disorder children: II. Systemic effects involving fathers and siblings. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 877–881.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Egeland, B., Kalkoske, M., Gottesman, N., & Erickson, M. E (1990). Preschool behavior problems: Stability and factors accounting for change. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,31, 891–909.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eron, L. D., Huesmann, L. R., Dubow, E., Romanoff, R., & Yarmel, R. W. (1987). Aggression and its correlates over 22 years. In D. H. Crowell, I. M. Evans, & C. R. O’Donnell (Eds.), Childhood aggression and violence: Sources of influence, prevention, and control (pp. 249–262). New York: Plenum.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, I. M., & Scheuer, A. D. (1987). Analyzing response relationships in childhood aggression: The clinical perspective. In D. H. Crowell, I. M. Evans, & C. R. O’Donnell (Eds.), Childhood aggression and violence: Sources of influence, prevention, and control (pp. 75–94). New York: Plenum.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, S. W., & Short, E. J. (1991). A qualitative and serial analysis of social problem solving in aggressive boys. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 19, 331–340.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Farrington, D. P., Loeber, R., & Van Kammen, W. B. (1990). Long-term criminal outcomes in hyperactivityimpulsivity-attention-deficit and conduct problems in childhood. In L. N. Robins & M. R. Rutter (Eds.), Straight and devious pathways from childhood to adulthood (pp. 62–81). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feindler, E. L., Ecton, R. B., Kingsley, D., & Dubey, D. R. (1986). Group anger-control training for institutionalized psychiatric male adolescents. Behavior Therapy, 17, 109–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fleischman, M. J. (1982). Social learning interventions for aggressive children. From the laboratory to the real world. The Behavior Therapist, 5, 55–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleischman, M. J., & Szykula, S. A. (1981). A community setting replication of a social learning treatment for aggressive children. Behavior Therapy, 12, 115–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fleischman, M. J., Home, A. M., & Arthur, J. L. (1983). Troubled families: A treatment program. Champaign, IL: Research Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fondacaro, M. R., & Heller, K. (1990). Attributional style in aggressive adolescent boys. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 18, 75–89.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Forehand, R. (1986). Positive reinforcement with deviant children: Does it make a difference? Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 8, 19–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forehand, R., Long, N., & Hedrick, M. (1987). Family characteristics of adolescents who display overt and covert behavior problems. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry,18, 325–328.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frick, P. J., Kamphaus, R. W., Lahey, B. B., Loeber, R., Christ, M. G., Hart, E. L., & Tannenbaum, L. E. (1991). Academic underachievement and the disruptive behavior disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 289–294.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frick, P. J., Lahey, B. B., Hartdagen, S., & Hynd, G. W. (1989). Conduct problems in boys: Relations to maternal personality, marital satisfaction, and socioeconomic status. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 18, 114–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gadow, K. D., Nolan, E. E., Sverd, J., Sprafkin, J., & Paolicelli, L. (1990). Methylphenidate in aggressive-hyperactive boys: I. Effects on peer aggression in public school settings. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,29, 710–718.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gair, D. S., Bullard, D. M., & Corwin, J. M. (1984). Guidelines for children and adolescents. In K. Tardiff (Ed.), The psychiatric uses of seclusion and restraint (pp. 69–85). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, E E. M. (1989). Inconsistent parenting: Is there evidence for a link with children’s conduct problems. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 17, 223–233.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, A. P., & Glick, B. (1987). Aggression replacement training: A comprehensive intervention for aggressive youth. Champaign, IL: Research Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, A. P. & Keller, H. (1987). Aggressive behavior: Assessment and intervention. New York: Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, H. S. (1987). Cognitive development in low attentive, hyperactive, and aggressive 6- through 11-year-old children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,26, 214–218.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, J. A. (1982). The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippocampal system. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, J. A. (1987). The psychology of fear and stress (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griest, D. L., & Wells, K. C. (1983). Behavioral family therapy with conduct disorders in children. Behavior Therapy, 14, 37–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, D. J., St. Lawrence, J. S., & Christoff, K. A. (1988). Conversational skills of inpatient conduct-disordered youths: Social validation of component behaviors and implications for skills training. Behavior Modification, 12, 424–444.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, D. J., St. Lawrence, J. S., & Christoff, K. A. (1989). Group conversational-skills training with inpatient children and adolescents: Social validation, generalization, and maintenance. Behavior Modification,13, 4–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hardwick, P J., Pounds, A. B., & Brown, M. (1985). Preventive adolescent psychiatry: Practical problems in running social skills groups for the younger adolescent. Journal of Adolescence, 8, 357–367.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins, J. D., & Lishner, D. M. (1987). Schooling and delinquency. In E. H. Johnson (Ed.), Handbook on crime and delinquency prevention (pp. 179–221). New York: Greenwood Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henggeler, S. W, & Borduin, C. M. (1990). Family therapy and beyond: A multisystemic approach to treating behavior problems of children and adolescents. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henggeler, S. W, Rodick, J. D., Borduin, C. M., Hanson, C. L., Watson, S. M., & Urey, J. R. (1986). Multisystemic treatment of juvenile offenders: Effects on adolescent behavior and family interactions. Developmental Psychology,22, 132–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hinshaw, S. P (1987). On the distinction between attentional deficits/hyperactivity and conduct problems/ aggression in child psychopathology. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 443–463.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Home, A. M., & Sayger, T. V. (1990). Treating conduct and oppositional defiant disorders in children. New York: Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huesman, L. R., Eron, L. D., Lefkowitz, M. M., & Walder, L. 0. (1984). The stability of aggression over time and generations. Developmental Psychology, 20, 1120–1134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson, N. S. (1985). Family therapy outcome research: Potential pitfalls and prospects. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 11, 149–158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jary, M. L., & Stewart, M. A. (1985). Psychiatric disorder in the parents of adopted children with aggressive conduct disorder. Neuropsychobiology, 13, 7–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jouriles, E. N., Bourg, W. J., & Farris, A. M. (1991). Marital adjustment and child conduct problems: A comparison of the correlation across subsamples. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 354–357.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jouriles, E. N., Murphy, C. M., & O’Leary, K. D. (1989). Interspousal aggression, marital discord, and child problems. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,57, 453–455.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, S.L., Busner, J., Kupietz, S., Wasserman, E., & Segal, B. (1990). Effects of methylphenidate on adolescents with aggressive conduct disorder and ADDH: A preliminary report. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 719–723.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A. E. (1982). The token economy: A decade later. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis,15, 431–445.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A. E. (1985). The treatment of antisocial behavior in children and adolescents. Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A. E. (1987a). Conduct disorders in childhood and adolescence. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A. E. (1987b). Treatment of antisccial behavior in children: Current status and future directions. Psychological Bulletin, 102, 187–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A. E. (1989). Hospitalization of antisocial children: Clinical course, follow-up status, and predictors of outcome. Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy, 11, 1–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A. E., & Bass, D. (1988). Parent, teacher, and hospital staff evaluations of severely disturbed children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 58, 512–523.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A. E., & Esveldt-Dawson, K. (1986). The Interview for Antisocial Behavior: Psychometric characteristics and concurrent validity with child psychiatric inpatients. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 8, 289–303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A. E., Bass, D., Siegel, T., & Thomas, C. (1989). Cognitive-behavioral therapy and relationship therapy in the treatment of children referred for antisocial behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 522–535.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A. E., Esveldt-Dawson, K., French, N. H., & Unis, A. S. (1987a). Effects of parent management training and problem-solving skills training combined in the treatment of antisocial child behavior. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, 416–424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A. E., Esveldt-Dawson, K., French, N. H., & Unis, A. S. (1987b). Problem-solving skills training and relationship therapy in the treatment of antisocial child behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 76–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A. E., Rodgers, A., Colbus, D., & Siegel, T. (1987). Children’s Hostility Inventory: Measurement of aggression and hostility in psychiatric inpatient children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 16, 320–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kendall, P. C., & Braswell, L. (1985). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for impulsive children. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kendall, P C., Reber, M., McLeer, S., Epps, J., & Ronan, K. R. (1990). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of conduct-disordered children. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 279–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klorman, R., Brumaghim, J. T., Salzman, L. E, Strauss, J., Borgstedt, A. D., McBride, M. C., & Loeb, S. (1988). Effects of methylphenidate on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders with and without aggressive/ noncompliant features. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 413–422.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kolko, D. J. (1988). Fire setting and pyromania. In C. Last & M. Hersen (Eds.), Handbook of child psychiatric diagnosis (pp. 443–459). New York: John Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolko, D. J. (1989). Conduct disorder. In M. Hersen (Ed.), Innovations in child behavior therapy (pp. 324–352). New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolko, D. J. (1992). Conduct disorder. In V. B. Van Hasselt & D. J. Kolko (Eds.), Inpatient behavior therapy for children and adolescents (pp. 205–237). New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolko, D. J., Loar, L. L., & Sturnick, D. (1990). Inpatient social-cognitive skills training for conduct disordered and attention deficit disordered children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31, 737–748.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kovacs, M., Paulauskas, S., Gatsonis, C., & Richards, C. (1988). Depressive disorders in childhood III. A longitudinal study of comorbidity with and risk for conduct disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 15, 205–217.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kruesi, M. J. P., Rapoport, J. L., Hamburger, S., Hibbs, E., Potter, W. Z., Lenane, M., & Brown, G. L. (1990). CSF monoamine metabolites, aggression and impulsivity in disruptive behavior disorders of children and adolescents. Archives of General Psychiatry, 47, 419–426.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kruesi, M. J. P., Schmidt, M. E., Donnelly, M., Hibbs, E. D., & Hamburger, S. D. (1989). Urinary free cortisol output and disruptive behavior in children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 441–443.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kruesi, M. J. P., Swedo, S., Leonard, H., Rubinow, D. R., & Rapoport, J. L. (1990). CSF somatostatin in childhood psychiatric disorders: A preliminary investigation. Psychiatric Research, 33, 277–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kupersmidt, J. B., & Coie, J. D. (1990). Preadolescent peer status, aggression, and school adjustment as predictors of externalizing problems in adolescence. Child Development, 61, 1350–1362.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lahey, B. B., Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Christ, M. G., Green, S., Russo, M. E., Frick, P. J., & Dulcan, M. (1990). Comparison of DSM-III and DSM-III-R diagnoses for prepubertal children: Changes in prevalence and validity. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,29, 620–626.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lahey, B. B., Piacentini, J. C., McBurnett, K., Stone, P., Hartdagen, S., & Hynd, G. (1988). Psychopathology in the parents of children with conduct disorder and hyperactivity. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,27, 163–170.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lahey, B. B., Russo, M. E, Walker, J. L., & Piacentini, J. C. (1989). Personality characteristics of the mothers of children with disruptive behavior disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,57, 512–515.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, R. O., Lovely, R., Yeager, C., & Femina, D. D. (1989). Toward a theory of the genesis of violence: A follow-up study of delinquents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,28, 431–436.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Linnoila, M., De Jong, J., & Virkkunen, M. (1989). Family history of alcoholism in violent offenders and impulsive fire setters. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 613–616.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lochman, J. E. (1987). Self-and peer perceptions and attributional biases of aggressive and nonaggressive boys in dyadic interactions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 404–410.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lochman, J. E. (August, 1988). Cognitive-behavioral intervention with aggressive boys: Three-year follow-up effects. In E D. Armstrong (Chair), Disruptive behavior disorders in children. Paper session presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Atlanta, GA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lochman, J. E. (1990). Modification of childhood aggression. In M. Hersen, R. M. Eisler, & P. M. Miller (Eds.), Progress in behavior modification (pp. 47–85). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lochman, J. E., & Curry, J. E (1986). Effects of social problem-solving training and self-instruction training with aggressive boys. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 15, 159–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lochman, J. E., & Dodge, K. A. (1990, January). Dysfunctional family and social-cognitive processes with aggressive boys. Poster presented at the meeting of the Society for Research in Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, Costa Mesa, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lochman, J. E., Burch, P. R., Curry, J. F., & Lampron, L. B. (1984). Treatment and generalization effects of cognitive-behavioral and goal-setting interventions with aggressive boys. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Child Psychology,15, 159–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lochman, J. E., Lampron, L. B., Gemmer, T. C., Harris, S. R., & Wyckoff, G. M. (1987, August). Teacher consultation and cognitive-behavioral interventions with aggressive boys. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association annual convention, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loeber, R. (1982). The stability of antisocial and delinquent child behavior: A review. Child Development, 53, 1431–1446.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loeber, R. (1985). Patterns and development of antisocial child behavior. Annals of Child Development, 2, 77–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loeber, R. (1990). Development and risk factors of juvenile antisocial behavior and delinquency. Clinical Psychological Review, 10, 1–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loeber, R., & LeBlanc, M. (1990). Toward a developmental criminology. In M. Tonry & N. Morris (Eds.), Crime and justice (Vol. 10, pp. 375–473). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loeber, R., & Schmaling, K. B. (1985a). Empirical evidence for overt and covert patterns of antisocial conduct problems: A meta-analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,13, 337–352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loeber, R., & Schmaling, K. B. (1985b). The utility of differentiating between mixed and pure forms of antisocial child behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 13, 315–336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loeber, R., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1986). Family factors as correlates and predictors of juvenile conduct problems and delinquency. In N. Morris & M. Tonry (Eds.), Crime and justice: An annual review of research (Vol. 7, pp. 29–149). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loeber, R., Green, S. M., Lahey, B. B., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1991). Differences and similarities between children, mothers, and teachers as informants on disruptive child behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 19, 75–95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loeber, R., Lahey, B. B., & Thomas, C. (1991). Diagnostic conundrum of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 379–390.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lueger, R. J., & Gill, K. J. (1990). Frontal-lobe cognitive dysfunction in conduct disorder adolescents. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 46, 696–706.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lytton, H. (1990). Child and parent effects in boys’ conduct disorder: A reinterpretation. Developmental Psychology, 26, 683–697.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Magnusson, D. (1988). Individual development from an interactional perspective: A longitudinal study. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maier, G. J., Stava, L. J., Morrow, B. R., Van Rybroek, G. J., & Bauman, K. G. (1987). A model for understanding and managing cycles of aggression among psychiatric inpatients. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 38, 520–524.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malgady, R. G., Rogler, L. H., & Costantino, G. (1990). Culturally sensitive psychotherapy for Puerto Rican children and adolescents: A program of treatment outcome research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 704–712.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mash, E. J. (1989). Treatment of child and family disturbance: A behavioral-systems perspective. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Treatment of childhood disorders (pp. 3–36). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McBurnett, K., Lahey, B. B., Frick, P, Risch, C., Loeber, R., Hart, E. L., Christ, M. G., & Hanson, K. S. (1991). Anxiety, inhibition, and conduct disorder in children: II. Relation to salivary cortisol. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,30, 192–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McMahon, R. J. (1987). Some current issues in the behavioral assessment of conduct disordered children and their families. Behavioral Assessment, 9, 235–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • McMahon, R. J., & Forehand, R. (1988). Conduct disorders. In E. J. Mash & L. G. Terdal (Eds.), Behavioral assessment of childhood disorders (2nd ed., pp. 105–153). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Milich, R., & Pelham, W. E. (1986, August). Differentiating valid subgroups of hyperactive and aggressive children. In W. P Pelham (Chair), Subgrouping research in externalizing disorders in childhood: Toward an integration. Symposium presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, G. E., & Prinz, R. J. (1990). Enhancement of social learning family interventions for childhood conduct disorder. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 291–307.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nardone, M. J., Tryon, W. W, & O’Connor, K. (1986). The effectiveness and generalization of a cognitive-behavioral group treatment to reduce impulsive/aggressive behavior for boys in a residential setting. Behavioral Residential Treatment, 1, 93–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Offord, D. R., Boyle, M. C., & Racine, Y. A. (1991). The epidemiology of antisocial behavior in childhood and adolescence. In D. J. Pepler & K. H. Rubin (Eds.), The development and treatment of childhood aggression (pp. 31–54). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Offord, D. R., Boyle, M. H., Fleming, J. E., Munroe-Blum, H., & Rae-Grant, N. I. (1989). Ontario child health study: Summary of selected results. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 34, 483–491.

    Google Scholar 

  • Offord, D. R., Boyle, M. H., Szatmari, P., Rae-Grant, N. I., Linds, P. S., Cadman, D. T., Byles, J. A., Crawford, J. W., Munroe-Blum, H., Byrne, C., Thomas, H., & Woodward, C. A. (1987). Ontario child health study: II. Six-month prevalence of disorder and rates of service utilization. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 832–836.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Panella, D., & Henggeler, S. W. (1986). Peer interactions of conduct-disordered, anxious-withdrawn, and well-adjusted black adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 14, 1–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, G. R. (1976). Living with children: New methods for parents and teachers (3rd ed.). Champaign, IL: Research Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, G. R. (1982). Coercive family process. Eugene, OR: Castalia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, G. R. (1986). Performance models for antisocial boys. American Psychologist, 41, 432–444.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, G. R., & Bank, L. (1986). Bootstrapping your way in the nomological thicket. Behavioral Assessment, 8 49–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, G. R., Capaldi, D., & Bank, L. (1991). An early starter model for predicting delinquency. In D. J. Pepler & K. H. Rubin (Eds.), The development and treatment of childhood aggression (pp. 139–168). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, G. R., DeBaryshe, B. D., & Ramsey, E. (1989). A developmental perspective on antisocial behavior. American Psychologist, 44, 329–335.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, G. R., Dishion, T. J., & Bank, L. (1984). Family interaction: A process model of deviancy training. Aggressive Behavior, 10, 253–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, G. R., Reid, J. B., & Dishion, T. J. (1992). Antisocial boys. Eugene, OR: Castalia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, G. R., Reid, J. B., Jones, R. R., & Conger, R. E. (1975). A social learning approach to family intervention (Vol. 1). Eugene, OR: Castalia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pelham, W. E., Schnedler, R. W., & Bender, M. E. (1988). The combination of behavior therapy and methylphenidate in the treatment of attention deficit disorders: A therapy outcome study. In L. Bloomingdale (Ed.), Attention deficit disorder (Vol. 3, pp. 29–48). New York: Pergamon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pepler, D. J., & Rubin, K. H. (Eds.). (1991). The development and treatment of childhood aggression. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pepler, D. J., King, G., & Byrd, W. (1991). A social-cognitively based social skills training program for aggressive children. In D. J. Pepler & K. H. Rubin (Eds.), The development and treatment of childhood aggression (pp. 361–379). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry, D. G., Perry, L. C., & Rasmussen, P. (1986). Cognitive social learning mediators of aggression. Child Development, 57, 700–711.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeffer, C. R., Plutchik, R., & Mizruchi, M. S. (1983). Predictors of assaultiveness in latency age children. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 31–35.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pfeiffer, S. I. (1989). Follow-up of children and adolescents treated in psychiatric facilities. Psychiatric Hospital, 20, 15–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pfeiffer, S. I., & Strzelecki, S. C. (1990). Inpatient psychiatric treatment of children and adolescents: A review of outcome studies. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 847–853.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rabiner, D. L., Lenhart, L., & Lochman, J. E. (1990). Automatic versus reflective social problem solving in relation to children’s sociometric status. Developmental Psychology, 26, 1010–1016.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rey, J. M., & Plapp, J. M. (1990). Quality of perceived parenting in oppositional and conduct disordered adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 382–385.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rivera, B., & Widom, C. S. (1990). Childhood victimization and violent offending. Violence and Victims, 5, 19–35.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rogeness, G. A., Cepeda, C., Macedo, C. A., Fischer, C., & Harris, W. R. (1990). Differences in hear rate and blood pressure in children with conduct disorder, major depression, and separation anxiety. Psychiatry Research, 33, 199–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogeness, G. A., Crawford, L., & McNamara, A. (1989). Plasma dopamine-(3-hydroxylase and preschool behavior in children with conduct disorder. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 20, 149–156.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rogeness, G. A., Javors, M. A., Maas, J. W., & Macedo, C. A. (1990b). Catecholamines and diagnoses in children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 234–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Romoff, V. (1987). Management and control of violent patients at the Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic. In L. H. Roth (Ed.), Clinical treatment of the violent person (pp. 235–260). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M., & Gillmer, H. (1983). Juvenile delinquent: Trends and perspectives. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shamsie, J., & Hluchy, C. (1991). Youth with conduct disorder: A challenge to be met. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 36, 405–414.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, S. K., & Garfinkel, B. D. (1986). The occurrence of behavior disorders in children: The interdependence of attention deficit disorder and conduct disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry,25, 809–819.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soloff, P H. (1987). Physical controls: The use of seclusion and restraint in modern psychiatric practice. In L. H. Roth (Ed.), Clinical treatment of the violent person (pp. 119–137). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spivack, G., & Shure, M. B. (1982). The cognition of social adjustment: Interpersonal cognitive problem solving thinking. In B. B. Lahey & A. E. Kazdin (Eds.), Advances in clinical child psychology (Vol. 5, pp. 323–372). New York: Plenum.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, J. T., Myers, W. C., Burket, R. C., & Lyles, W. B. (1990). A review of the pharmacotherapy of aggression in children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,29, 269–277.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Szatmari, P, Boyle, M., & Offord, D. L. (1989). ADDH and conduct disorder: Degree of diagnostic overlap and differences among correlates. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 865–872.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Szykula, S. A. (1987). Child-focused strategies and behavioral therapy processes. Psychotherapy, 24, 202–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tremblay, R. E., Loeber, R., Gagnon, C., Charlebois, P, Larivee, S., & LeBlanc, M. (1991). Disruptive boys with stable and unstable high fighting behavior patterns during junior elementary school. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 19, 285–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ’Mina, J. M. (1989). Mental health services for children: The state of the art. American Psychologist, 44, 188–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation. (1987). Crime in the United States. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Virkkunen, M., DeJong, J., Bartko, J., Goodwin, E. K., & Linnoila, M. (1989). Relationship of psychobiological variables to recidivism in violent offenders and impulsive firesetters. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 600–603.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vitiello, B., Behar, D., Hunt, J., Stoff, D., & Ricciuti, A. (1989). Subtyping aggression in children and adolescents. Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences,2 189–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wahler, R. G. (1990). Who is driving the interactions? A commentary on “Child and parent effects in boys’ conduct disorder.” Developmental Psychology,26, 702–704.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wahler, R. G., & Dumas, J. E. (1987). Stimulus class determinants of mother-child coercive interchanges in multidistressed families: Assessment and intervention. In J. D. Burchard & S. Burchard (Eds.), The prevention of delinquent behavior (pp. 190–219). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wahler, R. G., & Dumas, J. E. (1989). Attentional problems in dysfunctional mother-child interactions: An interbehavioral model. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 116–130.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, J. L., Lahey, B. B., Hynd, G. W, & Frame, C. L. (1987). Comparison of specific patterns of antisocial behavior in children with conduct disorder with or without coexisting hyperactivity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 910–913.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, J. L., Lahey, B. B., Russo, M. F., Frick, P. J., Christ, M. G., McBurnett, K., Loeber, R., StouthamerLoeber, M., & Green, S. M. (1991). Anxiety, inhibition, and conduct disorder in children: I. Relations to social impairment. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,30, 187–191.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Webster-Stratton, C. (1984). Randomized trial of two parent-training programs for families with conduct-disordered children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 666–678.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Webster-Stratton, C. (1985). The effects of father involvement in parent training for conduct problem children. Journal of Child Psychiatry and Psychology,26, 801–810.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webster-Stratton, C. (1991). Stress: A potential disrupter of parent perceptions and family interactions. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 19, 302–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webster-Stratton, C., & Hammond, M. (1990). Predictors of treatment outcome in parent training for families with conduct problem children. Behavior Therapy, 21, 319–337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webster-Stratton, C., Hollinsworth, T., & Kolpacoff, M. (1989). The long-term effectiveness and clinical significance of three cost-effective training programs for families with conduct-problem children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 550–553.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weinrott, M. R., Bauske, B. W., & Patterson, G. R. (1979). Systematic replication of a social learning approach to parent training. In P Sjoden, S. Bates, W. S. Dockens (Eds.), Trends in behavior therapy (pp. 331–351). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weisz, J. R., & Weiss, B. (1991). Studying the “referability” of child clinical problems. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 266–273.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yeager, C. A., & Lewis, D. O. (1990). Mortality in a group of formerly incarcerated juvenile delinquents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 612–614.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, P., Harris, G. E., Solovitz, B. L., & Franklin, J. L. (1986). A social problem-solving intervention for children at high risk for later psychopathology. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 15, 30–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA

    David J. Kolko

Authors
  1. David J. Kolko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA

    Michel Hersen

  2. Western Pennsylvania School for Blind Children, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Robert T. Ammerman  & Lori A. Sisson  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kolko, D.J. (1994). Conduct Disorder. In: Hersen, M., Ammerman, R.T., Sisson, L.A. (eds) Handbook of Aggressive and Destructive Behavior in Psychiatric Patients. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2403-8_21

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2403-8_21

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6019-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-2403-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation