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Diamond: Electronic Properties and Applications pp 285–318Cite as

Thermal Conductivity of Diamond

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Abstract

Diamond has the highest thermal conductivity of any known material at temperatures above ~ 100K. The purest natural diamond single crystals reported so far1,2 have a conductivity of 24–25 Wcm-1K-1 at 300K, compared to 4 for Cu and 1.5 for Si. Synthetic single crystals of diamond which are prepared3 with carbon isotopically enriched in 12C show even higher conductivity: 33 Wcm-1K-1. Such high values of thermal conductivity have attracted attention to the possibility of using diamond for thermal management of electronic devices with high local power levels.4,5 The availability of polycrystalline diamond wafers made by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), of quality which now approaches that of the best single-crystal diamond, has opened the door to many imaginative applications of this new material. Generally, two applications have been considered: 1) heat spreading by bonding the device to a larger piece of diamond, and 2) heat spreading by fabricating the device entirely within the bulk of the diamond, rather than in Si or another material. For applications in the first category, both natural and CVD diamond have already served as platforms for high-power diodes and solid-state lasers.4,5,6 The thermal conductivity of state-of-the-art CVD diamond7 is comparable to that of the best single-crystal diamond. Thus, the bottleneck for transferring heat away from the device is usually the thermal resistance at the interface between the device and the diamond, a subject which is in need of further research.8 The second category, the fabrication of devices within diamond, is hampered by the lack of a suitable electronic donor and, until recently, by the lack of CVD material of sufficient purity and crystalline perfection to satisfy even approximately the stringent electrical requirements for solid-state electronic materials. The thermal advantage of eliminating the interface between the doped, electrically-active regions and the higher-purity regions with higher thermal conductivity is obvious. However, data on the thermal conductivity of intentionally doped diamond is meager at the present time. One of the aims of this chapter is to suggest what might be expected when more measurements are available.

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  1. AT&T Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ, USA

    John E. Graebner

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  1. Sandia National Laboratories, USA

    Lawrence S. Pan

  2. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, USA

    Don R. Kania

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Graebner, J.E. (1995). Thermal Conductivity of Diamond. In: Pan, L.S., Kania, D.R. (eds) Diamond: Electronic Properties and Applications. The Kluwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2257-7_7

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