Abstract
It has been described that bulbospinal expiratory neurons are located in the region of the caudal nucleus retroambigualis (7,9). Expiratory (E) neurons in the caudal nucleus retroambigualis have axon collaterals in the upper lumbar segments (8), and they have respiratory synaptic effects on internal intercostal motoneurons (6) and abdominal motoneurons (9). Our previous study has shown that the majority of E neurons extend their descending spinal axons to the lower lumbar (L6-L7) and the sacral spinal cord (S1-S3) (12). Anatomical study has shown the projection from the caudal nucleus retroambigualis to the nucleus of Onuf using autoradiographic techniques (5). In the present study, we investigated the location of axon collaterals in the sacral spinal gray matter of single E neurons. For this purpose, a microstimulation technique was employed and the distribution of effective sites of antidromic activation in axon collaterals was mapped (12,13,14).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Boczek-Funcke, A., H.-J. Häbler, W. Jänig, and M. Michaelis. Respiratory modulation of the activity in sympathetic neurones supplying muscle, skin and pelvic organs in the cat. J. Physiol. London 449:333–361, 1992.
Darnall, R.A., and P. Guyenet. Respiratory modulation of pre-and postganglionic lumbar vasomotor sympathetic neurons in the rat.Neurosci. Lett. 119:148–152, 1990.
Floyd, W.E., and E.W. Walls. Electromyography of the sphincter ani externus in man. J. Physiol. London 122:599–609, 1953.
Holstege, G., D. Griffiths, D. H. Wall, and E. Dalm. Anatomical and physiological observations on supraspinal control of bladder and urethral sphincter muscles in the cat. J. Comp. Neurol. 250:449–461, 1986.
Holstege, G., and J. Tan. Supraspinal control of motoneurons innervating the striated muscles of the pelvic floor including urethral and anal sphincters in the cat. Brain. 110:1323–1344, 1987.
Kirkwood, RA., and T.A. Sears. Monosynaptic excitation of thoracic expiratory motoneurones from lateral respiratory neurones in the medulla of the cat. J Physiol. London 234:87–89, 1973.
Merrill, E.G. The lateral respiratory neurones of the medulla: Their associations with nucleus ambiguus, nucleus retroambigualis, the spinal accessory nucleus and the spinal cord. Brain Res. 24:11–28, 1970.
Merrill, E.G. Finding a respiratory function for the medullary respiratory neurons. In:Essays on the Nervous System, edited by R. Bellairs, and E.G. Gray. Oxford, UK, Clarendon, 1974, p. 451–486.
Miller, A.D., K. Ezure, and I. Suzuki. Control of abdominal muscles by brain stem respiratory neurons in the cat. J. Neurophysiol. 54:155–167, 1985.
Nadelhaft, I., W.C. de Groat, and C. Morgan. Location and morphology of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons in the sacral spinal cord of the cat revealed by retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. J. Comp. Neural. 193:265–281, 1980.
Onuf, B. On the arrangement and function of the cell groups of the sacral region of the spinal cord in man. Arch. Neurol. Psychopathol. 3:387–412, 1900.
Sasaki, S.-1., H. Uchino, M. Imagawa, T. Miyake, and Y. Uchino. Lower lumbar branching of caudal medullary expiratory neurons of the cat. Brain Res. 553:159–162, 1991.
Sasaki, S.-I., H. Uchino, and Y. Uchino. Axon branching of medullary expiratory neurons in the lumbar and the sacral spinal cord of the cat. Brain Res. 648:229–238, 1994.
Shinoda, Y., T. Yamaguchi, and T. Futami. Multiple axon collaterals of single corticospinal axons in the cat spinal cord. J. Neurophysiol. 55:425–448, 1986.
Thor, K., C. Morgan, I. Nadelhaft, M. Houston, and W.C. de Groat. Organization of afferent and efferent pathways in the pudendal nerve of the cat. J. Comp. Neurol. 288:263–279, 1989.
Ueyama, T., N. Mizuno, S. Nomura, A. Konishi, K. Itoh, and H. Arakawa. Central distribution of afferent and efferent components of the pudendal nerve in cat. J. Comp. Neurol. 222:38–46,1984.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sasaki, SI., Uchino, H. (1995). Axon Branching of Medullary Expiratory Neurons in the Sacral Spinal Cord of the Cat. In: Semple, S.J.G., Adams, L., Whipp, B.J. (eds) Modeling and Control of Ventilation. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 393. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1933-1_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1933-1_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5792-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1933-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive