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Basic Mechanisms of Physiologic and Aberrant Lymphoproliferation in the Skin pp 497–533Cite as

Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Repair of Adducts Induced in Human Cellular DNA by Puva

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Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((NSSA,volume 265))

Abstract

Psoralen plus UVA (long wavelength ultraviolet radiation) (PUVA) produces three types of adducts in DNA: (i) intercalation of the psoralen molecule between flat, stacked base-pairs, (ii) formation of a monoadduct by UVA radiation-dependent covalent bonding of the psoralen molecule to a base, primarily via a cyclobutane ring to a thymine, on one strand of the DNA, and (iii) formation of a DNA interstrand cross-link by a second UVA radiation-dependent covalent bonding of the psoralen molecule to a base on the opposite strand of the DNA molecule. The latter adduct (iii) is thought to be the most important biologically.

We have isolated two DNA endonuclease complexes from the chromatin of normal human lymphoblastoid cells. One complex, pI 4.6, recognizes and selectively cleaves DNA containing the psoralen intercalation adduct and also the psoralen interstrand DNA cross-link, against which it has the greater activity. The other complex, pI 7.6, recognizes and cleaves the cyclobutane ring psoralen-DNA monoadduct. It also recognizes and cleaves the ultraviolet radiation (254nm;UVC) induced pyrimidine dimer, which has a similar cyclobutane ring structure. Kinetic analysis of activities of the endonuclease complexes on DNA treated with PUVA so as to favor cross-link production reveals a reduced Km, with little or no change in Kcat or Vmax, indicating an increased affinity, or rate of association, of these enzyme complexes for the damaged DNA. Both complexes contain at least two proteins, one of which is necessary for interaction of the complex with DNA in the form of chromatin, the other(s) of which recognizes the adduct and also cleaves the phosphodiester bond of the DNA molecule. The former protein is defective in cells derived from patients with xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group A, whereas the latter is defective in the complex, pI 4.6, in cells derived from patients with Fanconi anemia (FA), complementation group A, and in the complex, pI 7.6, in cells derived from patients with FA, complementation group B. Kinetic analysis reveals that all of these deficiencies are due to reduced selective affinity, or rate of association, of the enzyme complexes for their respective damaged nucleosomal or non-nucleosomal DNA substrates. The deficiencies in the mutant cell repair systems correlate with increased sensitivities of these cells to DNA damaging agents in culture, and these hypersensitivities can be corrected by introduction, via electroporation, of the corresponding normal DNA endonuclease complexes into these cultured cells.

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  1. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA

    Muriel W. Lambert, David D. Parrish & W. Clark Lambert

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  1. Muriel W. Lambert
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  2. David D. Parrish
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. UMD-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA

    W. Clark Lambert

  2. University of Florence, Florence, Italy

    Benvenuto Giannotti

  3. University Hospital, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Willem A. van Vloten

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Lambert, M.W., Parrish, D.D., Lambert, W.C. (1994). Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Repair of Adducts Induced in Human Cellular DNA by Puva. In: Lambert, W.C., Giannotti, B., van Vloten, W.A. (eds) Basic Mechanisms of Physiologic and Aberrant Lymphoproliferation in the Skin. NATO ASI Series, vol 265. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1861-7_41

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