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Rationale and Approaches to Constructing Preerythrocytic Malaria Vaccines

  • Chapter
Vaccine Design

Part of the book series: Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ((PBIO,volume 6))

Abstract

Parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium are the causative agent for malaria. This disease is primarily found in the tropics and is conservatively estimated to cause 200–300 million new cases each year with approximately 2 million deaths resulting. The parasite has a complex life cycle which is initiated in the host when an anopheline mosquito injects the sporozoite stage as it takes a blood meal. The sporozoites travel through the circulation to the liver where they invade hepatocytes. Once in the hepatocyte the parasite undergoes a cycle of differentiation and division the length of which varies with the species, ultimately producing many thousands of merozoites which reenter the circulation on rupture of the hepatocyte. These liver-stage merozoites invade red blood cells and again multiply. After 48–72 h the red blood cell ruptures, releasing 6–30 merozoites which can then invade other red blood cells. Some parasites differentiate into male and female gametocytes, which when ingested by a mosquito can combine to form a zygote and on further development produce sporozoites that can be inoculated into another host, thereby repeating the cycle.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Malaria Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20889-5607, USA

    Stephen L. Hoffman

  2. Malaria Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, USA

    John B. Sacci Jr.

  3. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA

    John B. Sacci Jr.

Authors
  1. Stephen L. Hoffman
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  2. John B. Sacci Jr.
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA

    Michael F. Powell

  2. Vaxcel, Inc., Norcross, Georgia, USA

    Mark J. Newman

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© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Hoffman, S.L., Sacci, J.B. (1995). Rationale and Approaches to Constructing Preerythrocytic Malaria Vaccines. In: Powell, M.F., Newman, M.J. (eds) Vaccine Design. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, vol 6. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1823-5_35

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1823-5_35

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5737-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1823-5

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