Abstract
The design of a closed-die forging process requires the estimation of maximum forging load and the necessary forging energy. To determine the forging energy, the forging load at various stroke positions must be estimated.
In the past, empirical methods have been used with varying degrees of success. The present study attempts to predict the forging load and stresses through relatively basic analytical methods. Using the example of an axisymmetric forging, consisting of a flange and a shaft, the slab or Sachs method has been applied to develop a computer-simulation technique. The forging process is analyzed in small steps of deformation. The stress distribution, the load, and the magnitude of filling of the die and the flange have been estimated at each deformation step. The theoretical predictions have been compared with experimental results in forging the part from both lead and aluminum to various stroke positions with a hydraulic press.
The computer program simulating the axisymmetric forging process, applied to an example in the present study, can be extended to other shapes and be used for various billet sizes, part dimensions, temperature, ram speeds, and friction. conditions.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Altan, T., et al, “Forging Loads and Stresses in Closed-Die Forging — Part One”, Third Interim Topical Report to AMMRC on Contract No. DAAG46-68-C-0111, Batteile Memorial Institute.
Altan, T., et al, “Forging Loads and Stresses in Closed-Die Forging — Part Two”, Fourth Interim Topical Report to AMMRC on Contract No. DAAG46-68-C-0111, Batteile Memorial Institute, April 30, 1969.
Altan, T., et al, “The Use of Analytical Methods in Predicting Loads and Stresses in Closed-Die Forging”, Chapter 3 of the final report of the same project as (1) and (2) above.
Tarnovskiy, I. Ya., “Filling of Annular Dies” (in Russian) Sverdlovsk, Uralskiy politikhnicheskiy Institut Trudy 48, Trans. Moskva, 1953.
Burgdorf, M., “On the Calculation of Axial Stress Distribution and Forming Load in Pin Forging” (in German) Industrie-Anzeiger, 89, 1967, p. 182 and p. 1558.
Zünkler, B., “Determination of Stresses and Loads in Plane Strain Closed-Die Forging” (in German) Industrie-Anzeiger, 84, 1969, p. 67.
Sonkin, E. A., “Calculation of Flash Temperature in Closed-Die Forging” (in Russian) Kuznecno-Stampovocnoe Proizvodstvo, 1961, No. 3, p. 8.
Klafs, U., “Ein Beitrag zur Bestimmung der Temperaturverteilung in Werkzeug und Werkstuck beim Warmumformen” (A Contribution to Determination of Temperature Distributions in Tool and Workpiece in Warmforging), Doctoral Dissertation, Technical University, Hannover, 1969.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1971 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this paper
Cite this paper
Altan, T. (1971). Computer Simulation to Predict Load, Stress, and Metal Flow in an Axisymmetric Closed-Die Forging. In: Hoffmanner, A.L. (eds) Metal Forming: Interrelation Between Theory and Practice. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1757-3_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1757-3_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5708-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1757-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive