Skip to main content

Texture Classification and Segmentation: Tribulations, Triumphs and Tributes

  • Chapter
Foundations of Image Understanding

Abstract

This chapter briefly summarizes four decades of work on image texture classification and segmentation. Advances in this field have been possible through a diversity of approaches driven by psychophysics, statistical and syntactic pattern recognition, image modeling, multiscale analysis, shape recovery and evaluation. Applications have been equally broad, ranging from remote sensing to image retrieval. Professor Azriel Rosenfeld, since the early 1960s, has made numerous pioneering contributions to texture modeling, perception, classification and segmentation, with applications to remote sensing and aerial photo interpretation. We will first outline the challenges in analyzing textures (Tribulations), summarize the advances made over the years (Triumphs), and close with specific acknowledgments of Azriel’s contributions to this important field (Tributes).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. N. Ahuja, T. Dubitzki, and A. Rosenfeld. Some experiments with mosaic models for images. IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern., 10:744–749, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. N. Ahuja and A. Rosenfeld. Mosaic models for textures. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 3:1–11, 1981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. J. Beck, B. Hope, and A. Rosenfeld, editors. Human and Machine Vision. Academic Press, New York, 1983.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. J. Beck, K. Prazdny, and A. Rosenfeld. A theory of texture segmentation in human and machine vision. In Human and Machine Vision. Academic Press, New York, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  5. J. Besag. Spatial interaction and statistical analysis of lattice systems. J. Royal Stat. Soc., B, 36:192–236, 1974.

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. J. Besag. Efficiency of pseudolikelihood estimation for simple Gaussian fields. Biometrika, 64, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  7. A. Bovik, M. Clark, and W. Geisler. Multichannel texture analysis using localized spatial filters. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 12:55–73, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. P. Brodatz. Textures: A Photographic Album for Artists and Designers. Dover Publications, New York, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  9. R. Chellappa. Two-dimensional discrete Gaussian Markov random field models for image processing. In L. N. Kanal and A. Rosenfeld, editors, Progress in Pattern Recognition 2. Elsevier, New York, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  10. R. Chellappa and A. K. Jain. Markov Random Fields: Theory and Applications. Academic Press, New York, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  11. R. Chellappa, R. L. Kashyap, and B. S. Manjunath. Model-based texture segmentation and classification. In Handbook of Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision, pages 279–310. World Scientific, Singapore, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  12. P. C. Chen and T. Pavlidis. Segmentation by texture using correlation. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 5:64–69, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Y. Choe and R. L. Kashyap. 3-D shape from a shaded and textured surface image. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 13:907–918, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. F. S. Cohen and D. B. Cooper. Simple parallel hierarchical and relaxation algorithms for segmenting noncausal Markovian fields. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 9:195–219, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. F. S. Cohen, Z. Fan, and M. A. Patel. Classification of rotated and scaled textured images using Gaussian Markov random field models. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 13:192–202, 1991

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. G. R. Cross and A. K. Jain. Markov random field texture models. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 5:25–39, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. J. G. Daugman. Uncertainty relation for resolution in space, spatial frequency and orientation optimized by two-dimensional visual cortical filters. J. Opt. Soc. Amer., 2:1160–1169, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. D. G. Daut, R. W. Fries, and J. W. Modestino. Two-dimensional DPCM image coding based on an assumed stochastic image model. IEEE Trans. Commun., 29:1365–1371, 1981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. H. Derin and H. Elliott. Modeling and segmentation of noisy and textured images using Gibbs random fields. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 9:39–55, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. D. Dunn, W. E. Higgins, and J. Wakeley. Texture segmentation using 2-D Gabor elementary functions. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 16:130–149, 1994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. C. R. Dyer and A. Rosenfeld. Parallel image processing by memory angmented cellular automate. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 3:28–41, 1981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. M. M. Galloway. Texture analysis using gray level run lengths. Computer Graphics and Image Processing, 4:172–179, 1975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. S. Geman and D. Geman. Stochastic relaxation, Gibbs distributions, and Bayesian restoration of images. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 6:721–741, 1984.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  24. A. Goldstein and A. Rosenfeld. Optical correlation for terrain type discrimination. Photogrammetric Engineering, 30:639–646, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  25. H. Greenspan, S. Belongie, R. Goodman, and P. Perona. Rotation invariant texture recognition using a steerable pyramid. In Proc. Intl. Conf. on Image Processing, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  26. H. Greenspan, R. Goodman, R. Chellappa, and C. H. Anderson. Learning texture discrimination rules in a multiresolution system. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 16:894–901, 1994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. G. M. Haley. Rotation invariant texture classification using a complete space-frequency model. Master’s thesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  28. G. M. Haley and B. S. Manjunath. Rotation invariant texture classification using a complete space-frequency model. IEEE Trans. Image Processing, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  29. R. Haralick and R. Bosley. Texture features for image classification. In Third ERTS Symposium, volume SP-351, pages 1219–28. NASA, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  30. B. Julesz. Visual pattern discrimination. IRE Trans. Information Theory, 8:84–92, 1962.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. B. Julesz. Textons, the elements of texture perception, and their interactions. Nature, 290, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  32. H. Kaizer. A quantification of textures on aerial photographs. Technical report, Boston University, 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  33. R. L. Kashyap and R. Chellappa. Estimation and choice of neighbors in spatial-interaction models of images. IEEE Trans. Information Theory, 29:60–72, 1983.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  34. R. L. Kashyap and A. Khotanzad. A model-based method for rotation-invariant texture classification. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 18:472–481, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. S. Krishnamachari and R. Chellappa. Multiresolution Gauss-Markov random field models for texture segmentation. IEEE Trans. Image Processing, 6:251–267, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. T. Kushner and A. Rosenfeld. A model for interprocessor communication for parallel image processing. IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern., 13:600–618, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. S. Lakshmanan and H. Derin. Simultaneous parameter estimation and segmentation of Gibbs random fields using simulated annealing. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 11:799–813, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. S. Lakshmanan and H. Derin. Gaussian Markov random fields at multiple resolutions. In R. Chellappa and A. K. Jain, editors, Markov Random Fields: Theory and Applications, pages 131–157. Academic Press, New York, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  39. K. Laws. Textured Image Segmentation. PhD thesis, University of Southern California, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  40. M. M. Leung and A. M. Peterson. Scale and rotation invariant texture classification. In Proc. 26th Asilomar Conf. on Signals, Systems and Computers, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  41. W. Y. Ma and B. S. Manjunath. Texture features and learning similarity. In Proc. IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pages 425–430, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  42. W. Y. Ma and B. S. Manjunath. A texture thesaurus for browsing large aerial photographs. J. American Society for Information Science, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  43. J. Malik, S. Belongie, J. Shi, and T. Leung. Textons, contours and regions: Cue integration in image segmentation. In Proc. ICCV, pages 918–925, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  44. J. Malik and P. Perona. Preattentive texture discrimination with early vision mechanizms. J. Opt. Soc. Amer., 7:923–932, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. B. S. Manjunath and R. Chellappa. A unified approach to boundary perception: Edges, textures and illusory contours. IEEE Trans. Neural Networks, 4:96–108, 1993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. B. S. Manjunath and W. Y. Ma. Texture features for browsing and retrieval of image data. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 18:837–842, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. R. E. Miles. A survey of geometrical probability in the plane, with emphasis on stochastic image modeling. In A. Rosenfeld, editor, Image Modeling. Academic Press, New York, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  48. J. W. Modestino, R. W. Fries, and A. L. Vickers. Stochastic models generated by random tesellations of the plane. Computer Graphics and Image Processing, 12:74–89, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. J. W. Modestino, R. W. Fries, and A. L. Vickers. Texture discrimination based upon an assumed stochastic texture model. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 3:557–580, 1981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. P. A. P. Moran and J. E. Besag. On the estimation and testing of spatial interaction in Gaussian lattice. Biometrika, 62:555–562, 1975.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  51. D. K. Panjwani and G. Healey. Markov random field models for unsupervised segmentation of textured color images. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 17:939–954, 1995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. B. Pong. Illimination for computer generated pictures. Commun. ACM, 18:311–317, 1975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. T. Randen and J. H. Husey. Filtering for texture classification: A comparative study. IEEE Trans. Pattern. Anal. Machine Intell., 21:291–310, 1999.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Y. A. Rosanov. On Gaussian fields with given conditional distributions. Theory of Probability and its Applications, 11:381–391, 1967.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. A. Rosenfeld. Automatic recognition of basic terrain types from aerial photographs. Photogrammetric Engineering, 28:115–132, 1962a.

    Google Scholar 

  56. A. Rosenfeld. An approach to automatic photographic interpretation. Photogrammetric Engineering, 28:660–665, 1962b.

    Google Scholar 

  57. A. Rosenfeld. On models for the perception of visual texture. In W. Wathen-Dunn, editor, Models for the Perception of Speech and Visual Form, pages 219–223. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  58. A. Rosenfeld, editor. Image Modeling. Academic Press, New York, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  59. A. Rosenfeld and B. S. Lipkin. Texture synthesis. In Picture Processing and Psychopictorics, pages 309–345. Academic Press, New York, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  60. J. Shi and J. Malik. Normalized cuts and image segmentation. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 22:888–905, 2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. T. R. Smith. A digital library for geographically referenced materials. IEEE Computer, 29(5):54–60, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. C. W. Therrien. An estimation theoretic approach to terrain image segmentation. Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing, 22:313–326, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. A. Waksman and A. Rosenfeld. Sparse, opaque three-dimensional texture 1. Arborescent patterns. CVGIP: Image Understanding, 57:388–399, 1993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. A. Waksman and A. Rosenfeld. Sparse, opaque three-dimensional texture, 2a: Visibility. Graphical Models and Image Processing, 58:155–163, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. A. Waksman and A. Rosenfeld. Sparse, opaque three-dimensional texture 2b: Photometry. Pattern Recognition, 29:297–313, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. C. Weems, E. Riseman, A. Hanson, and A. Rosenfeld. The ARPA image understanding benchmark for parallel computers. J. Parallel and Distributed Computing, 11:1–24, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. J. Weszka, C. R. Dyer, and A. Rosenfeld. A comparative study of texture measures for terrain classification. IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern., 6:269–285, 1976.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  68. J. W. Woods. Two-dimensional discrete Markovian fields. IEEE Trans. Information Theory, 23:473–482, 1972.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  69. Y. N. Wu, S. C. Zhu, and X. Lin. Equivalence of Julesz ensembles and frame models. Intl. J. Computer Vision, 38:247–265, 2000.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  70. Z. Wu and R. Leahy. An optimal graph theoretic approach to data clustering: Theory and its application to image segmentation. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 15:1101–1113, 1993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. J. You and H. A. Cohen. Classification and segmentation of rotated and scaled textured images using tuned masks. Pattern Recognition, 26:245–258, 1993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. S. C. Zhu, Y. Wu, and D. Mumford. Filters, random fields and maximum entropy (FRAME): Towards a unified theory for texture modeling. Intl. J. Computer Vision, 27:107–126, 1998.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Chellappa, R., Manjunath, B.S. (2001). Texture Classification and Segmentation: Tribulations, Triumphs and Tributes. In: Davis, L.S. (eds) Foundations of Image Understanding. The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, vol 628. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1529-6_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1529-6_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5599-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1529-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics