Abstract
This chapter briefly summarizes four decades of work on image texture classification and segmentation. Advances in this field have been possible through a diversity of approaches driven by psychophysics, statistical and syntactic pattern recognition, image modeling, multiscale analysis, shape recovery and evaluation. Applications have been equally broad, ranging from remote sensing to image retrieval. Professor Azriel Rosenfeld, since the early 1960s, has made numerous pioneering contributions to texture modeling, perception, classification and segmentation, with applications to remote sensing and aerial photo interpretation. We will first outline the challenges in analyzing textures (Tribulations), summarize the advances made over the years (Triumphs), and close with specific acknowledgments of Azriel’s contributions to this important field (Tributes).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
N. Ahuja, T. Dubitzki, and A. Rosenfeld. Some experiments with mosaic models for images. IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern., 10:744–749, 1980.
N. Ahuja and A. Rosenfeld. Mosaic models for textures. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 3:1–11, 1981.
J. Beck, B. Hope, and A. Rosenfeld, editors. Human and Machine Vision. Academic Press, New York, 1983.
J. Beck, K. Prazdny, and A. Rosenfeld. A theory of texture segmentation in human and machine vision. In Human and Machine Vision. Academic Press, New York, 1983.
J. Besag. Spatial interaction and statistical analysis of lattice systems. J. Royal Stat. Soc., B, 36:192–236, 1974.
J. Besag. Efficiency of pseudolikelihood estimation for simple Gaussian fields. Biometrika, 64, 1977.
A. Bovik, M. Clark, and W. Geisler. Multichannel texture analysis using localized spatial filters. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 12:55–73, 1990.
P. Brodatz. Textures: A Photographic Album for Artists and Designers. Dover Publications, New York, 1966.
R. Chellappa. Two-dimensional discrete Gaussian Markov random field models for image processing. In L. N. Kanal and A. Rosenfeld, editors, Progress in Pattern Recognition 2. Elsevier, New York, 1985.
R. Chellappa and A. K. Jain. Markov Random Fields: Theory and Applications. Academic Press, New York, 1993.
R. Chellappa, R. L. Kashyap, and B. S. Manjunath. Model-based texture segmentation and classification. In Handbook of Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision, pages 279–310. World Scientific, Singapore, 1999.
P. C. Chen and T. Pavlidis. Segmentation by texture using correlation. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 5:64–69, 1983.
Y. Choe and R. L. Kashyap. 3-D shape from a shaded and textured surface image. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 13:907–918, 1991.
F. S. Cohen and D. B. Cooper. Simple parallel hierarchical and relaxation algorithms for segmenting noncausal Markovian fields. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 9:195–219, 1987.
F. S. Cohen, Z. Fan, and M. A. Patel. Classification of rotated and scaled textured images using Gaussian Markov random field models. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 13:192–202, 1991
G. R. Cross and A. K. Jain. Markov random field texture models. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 5:25–39, 1983.
J. G. Daugman. Uncertainty relation for resolution in space, spatial frequency and orientation optimized by two-dimensional visual cortical filters. J. Opt. Soc. Amer., 2:1160–1169, 1985.
D. G. Daut, R. W. Fries, and J. W. Modestino. Two-dimensional DPCM image coding based on an assumed stochastic image model. IEEE Trans. Commun., 29:1365–1371, 1981.
H. Derin and H. Elliott. Modeling and segmentation of noisy and textured images using Gibbs random fields. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 9:39–55, 1987.
D. Dunn, W. E. Higgins, and J. Wakeley. Texture segmentation using 2-D Gabor elementary functions. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 16:130–149, 1994.
C. R. Dyer and A. Rosenfeld. Parallel image processing by memory angmented cellular automate. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 3:28–41, 1981.
M. M. Galloway. Texture analysis using gray level run lengths. Computer Graphics and Image Processing, 4:172–179, 1975.
S. Geman and D. Geman. Stochastic relaxation, Gibbs distributions, and Bayesian restoration of images. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 6:721–741, 1984.
A. Goldstein and A. Rosenfeld. Optical correlation for terrain type discrimination. Photogrammetric Engineering, 30:639–646, 1964.
H. Greenspan, S. Belongie, R. Goodman, and P. Perona. Rotation invariant texture recognition using a steerable pyramid. In Proc. Intl. Conf. on Image Processing, 1994.
H. Greenspan, R. Goodman, R. Chellappa, and C. H. Anderson. Learning texture discrimination rules in a multiresolution system. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 16:894–901, 1994.
G. M. Haley. Rotation invariant texture classification using a complete space-frequency model. Master’s thesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, 1996.
G. M. Haley and B. S. Manjunath. Rotation invariant texture classification using a complete space-frequency model. IEEE Trans. Image Processing, 1997.
R. Haralick and R. Bosley. Texture features for image classification. In Third ERTS Symposium, volume SP-351, pages 1219–28. NASA, 1973.
B. Julesz. Visual pattern discrimination. IRE Trans. Information Theory, 8:84–92, 1962.
B. Julesz. Textons, the elements of texture perception, and their interactions. Nature, 290, 1981.
H. Kaizer. A quantification of textures on aerial photographs. Technical report, Boston University, 1955.
R. L. Kashyap and R. Chellappa. Estimation and choice of neighbors in spatial-interaction models of images. IEEE Trans. Information Theory, 29:60–72, 1983.
R. L. Kashyap and A. Khotanzad. A model-based method for rotation-invariant texture classification. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 18:472–481, 1986.
S. Krishnamachari and R. Chellappa. Multiresolution Gauss-Markov random field models for texture segmentation. IEEE Trans. Image Processing, 6:251–267, 1997.
T. Kushner and A. Rosenfeld. A model for interprocessor communication for parallel image processing. IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern., 13:600–618, 1983.
S. Lakshmanan and H. Derin. Simultaneous parameter estimation and segmentation of Gibbs random fields using simulated annealing. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 11:799–813, 1989.
S. Lakshmanan and H. Derin. Gaussian Markov random fields at multiple resolutions. In R. Chellappa and A. K. Jain, editors, Markov Random Fields: Theory and Applications, pages 131–157. Academic Press, New York, 1993.
K. Laws. Textured Image Segmentation. PhD thesis, University of Southern California, 1978.
M. M. Leung and A. M. Peterson. Scale and rotation invariant texture classification. In Proc. 26th Asilomar Conf. on Signals, Systems and Computers, 1992.
W. Y. Ma and B. S. Manjunath. Texture features and learning similarity. In Proc. IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pages 425–430, 1996.
W. Y. Ma and B. S. Manjunath. A texture thesaurus for browsing large aerial photographs. J. American Society for Information Science, 1997.
J. Malik, S. Belongie, J. Shi, and T. Leung. Textons, contours and regions: Cue integration in image segmentation. In Proc. ICCV, pages 918–925, 1991.
J. Malik and P. Perona. Preattentive texture discrimination with early vision mechanizms. J. Opt. Soc. Amer., 7:923–932, 1990.
B. S. Manjunath and R. Chellappa. A unified approach to boundary perception: Edges, textures and illusory contours. IEEE Trans. Neural Networks, 4:96–108, 1993.
B. S. Manjunath and W. Y. Ma. Texture features for browsing and retrieval of image data. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 18:837–842, 1996.
R. E. Miles. A survey of geometrical probability in the plane, with emphasis on stochastic image modeling. In A. Rosenfeld, editor, Image Modeling. Academic Press, New York, 1981.
J. W. Modestino, R. W. Fries, and A. L. Vickers. Stochastic models generated by random tesellations of the plane. Computer Graphics and Image Processing, 12:74–89, 1980.
J. W. Modestino, R. W. Fries, and A. L. Vickers. Texture discrimination based upon an assumed stochastic texture model. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 3:557–580, 1981.
P. A. P. Moran and J. E. Besag. On the estimation and testing of spatial interaction in Gaussian lattice. Biometrika, 62:555–562, 1975.
D. K. Panjwani and G. Healey. Markov random field models for unsupervised segmentation of textured color images. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 17:939–954, 1995.
B. Pong. Illimination for computer generated pictures. Commun. ACM, 18:311–317, 1975.
T. Randen and J. H. Husey. Filtering for texture classification: A comparative study. IEEE Trans. Pattern. Anal. Machine Intell., 21:291–310, 1999.
Y. A. Rosanov. On Gaussian fields with given conditional distributions. Theory of Probability and its Applications, 11:381–391, 1967.
A. Rosenfeld. Automatic recognition of basic terrain types from aerial photographs. Photogrammetric Engineering, 28:115–132, 1962a.
A. Rosenfeld. An approach to automatic photographic interpretation. Photogrammetric Engineering, 28:660–665, 1962b.
A. Rosenfeld. On models for the perception of visual texture. In W. Wathen-Dunn, editor, Models for the Perception of Speech and Visual Form, pages 219–223. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1967.
A. Rosenfeld, editor. Image Modeling. Academic Press, New York, 1981.
A. Rosenfeld and B. S. Lipkin. Texture synthesis. In Picture Processing and Psychopictorics, pages 309–345. Academic Press, New York, 1970.
J. Shi and J. Malik. Normalized cuts and image segmentation. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 22:888–905, 2000.
T. R. Smith. A digital library for geographically referenced materials. IEEE Computer, 29(5):54–60, 1996.
C. W. Therrien. An estimation theoretic approach to terrain image segmentation. Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing, 22:313–326, 1983.
A. Waksman and A. Rosenfeld. Sparse, opaque three-dimensional texture 1. Arborescent patterns. CVGIP: Image Understanding, 57:388–399, 1993.
A. Waksman and A. Rosenfeld. Sparse, opaque three-dimensional texture, 2a: Visibility. Graphical Models and Image Processing, 58:155–163, 1996.
A. Waksman and A. Rosenfeld. Sparse, opaque three-dimensional texture 2b: Photometry. Pattern Recognition, 29:297–313, 1996.
C. Weems, E. Riseman, A. Hanson, and A. Rosenfeld. The ARPA image understanding benchmark for parallel computers. J. Parallel and Distributed Computing, 11:1–24, 1991.
J. Weszka, C. R. Dyer, and A. Rosenfeld. A comparative study of texture measures for terrain classification. IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern., 6:269–285, 1976.
J. W. Woods. Two-dimensional discrete Markovian fields. IEEE Trans. Information Theory, 23:473–482, 1972.
Y. N. Wu, S. C. Zhu, and X. Lin. Equivalence of Julesz ensembles and frame models. Intl. J. Computer Vision, 38:247–265, 2000.
Z. Wu and R. Leahy. An optimal graph theoretic approach to data clustering: Theory and its application to image segmentation. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., 15:1101–1113, 1993.
J. You and H. A. Cohen. Classification and segmentation of rotated and scaled textured images using tuned masks. Pattern Recognition, 26:245–258, 1993.
S. C. Zhu, Y. Wu, and D. Mumford. Filters, random fields and maximum entropy (FRAME): Towards a unified theory for texture modeling. Intl. J. Computer Vision, 27:107–126, 1998.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chellappa, R., Manjunath, B.S. (2001). Texture Classification and Segmentation: Tribulations, Triumphs and Tributes. In: Davis, L.S. (eds) Foundations of Image Understanding. The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, vol 628. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1529-6_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1529-6_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5599-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1529-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive