Skip to main content
  • 695 Accesses

Abstract

Rice as the single most important human energy source feeds about half of the world’s population. The predicted Asian famines during 1980s (Ehrlich, 1968) were averted by the development of high yielding rice varieties between 1965 and 1975. In India rice production during 1950–51 which was 20.58 million tonnes with a productivity of 668 kg per ha rose to 79.6 million tonnes during 1995-96 with an average productivity of 1856 kg per ha. The production and productivity of rice in Tamil Nadu were as follows:

Table 1

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

REFERENCES

  • Bardner, R. and Fletcher, K.E. 1974, Insect infestations and their effects on growth and yield of field crops,Bull. Ent. Res. 64: 141-160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Binh, N., Tuc, L.M., Hoa, T.T.K. and Heong, K.L. 1993, Managing thrips in the Mekong delta, Vietnam, Int.Rice Res. Newsl. 18:31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bottrell, D.G., Aguda, R.M., Gould, F.C., Theonis, W., Demayo, G.G. and Magslit, V.F. 1992, Potential strategies for prolonging the usefulness of Bacillus thuringiensis in engineered rice, Korean J. Appl. Entomol, 31 : 247-255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandramohan, N. and Chelliah, S. 1984, Light trap studies on rice yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas,National Seminar on Behavioural and physiological approaches to pest management in Crops, TNAU,Coimbatore, p.230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaudhary, R.C., Khush, G.S. and Heinrichs, E.A. 1984, Varietal resistance to rice stem borers in Asia, lns.Scie. Appl. 5 : 447-463.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chelliah, S. and Subramanian, A. 1972, Influence of nitrogen fertilization on the infestation by the gall midge Pachydiplosis oryzae (Wood-Mason) in certain rice varieties, Indian J. Ent. 34 : 255-256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chelliah, S. and Uthamasamy, S. 1986, Insecticide induced resurgence of insect pests of rice, Oryza 23 : 71 -82.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cramer, H.H. 1967. Plant protection and world crop production, Farben Fabriken Bayer AG, Leverkusen,Germany, 524p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Den Barber, K. and Meenakanit, P. 1992, Field population dynamics of the rice brown plant hopper (BPH),Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) Chainat provinces (Central Plain of Tailand), Dry Season, 1991, FAO Inter-country Programme for Integrated Pest Control in Rice in South and South East Asia, FAO, Manila,Philippines, 21 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dyck, V.A. and Thomas, B. 1979, The brown planthopper problem, In : Brown Planthopper : Threat to Rice Production in Asia, IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines, pp. 3-17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrlich, P.R. 1968, The Population Bomb, Ballantine, New York, 233p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Escalda, M.M., Lazaro, A.A. and Heong, K.L. 1992, Early spraying by rice farmers in Leyta, Philippines,Internat. Rice Res. Newsl. 17 : 27-28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, K.D., Kenmore, P.E. and Sogana, K. 1994, Judicial use of insecticides deter plant hopper outbreaks and extend the role of resistant varieties in South East Asian Rice, In : Planthoppers, their Ecology and Management, eds. R.F. Denno and I.J. Perfect, Chapman and Hall, London, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goasman, R.M., Hauptli, K., Crossway, A. and Knauf, V.C. 1987, Gene transfer in crop improvement, Science 236 : 48-54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gopalan, M. 1983, Influence of spacing on rice leaf folder incidence, TNAU Newsl. 12(11): 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gould, F. 1988, Evolutionary biology and genetically engineered crops, Bioscience 38 : 26-33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grist, D.H. and Lever, R.J.A.W. 1969, Pests of Rice, Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd., London, 520 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunathilagaraj, K. and Ganesh Kumar, M. 1997, Host plant resistance in rice : Planthoppers, Madras Agric. J.84(8): 432-458.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunathilagaraj, K. and Ganesh Kumar, M. 1997, A rice pest complex : An appraisal, Madras Agric. J. 84 (5):249-262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunathilagaran, K. and Ganesh Kumar, M. 1997, Rice insect outbreaks : An analysis, Madras Agric. J. 84(6):298-311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinrichs, E.A. 1988, Role of insect-resistant varieties in rice IPM systems, In : Pesticide Management and Integrated Pest Management in South East Asia: Consortium for International Crop Protection, eds. P.S.Teng and K.L. Heong, College Park, Maryland, USA, pp. 43-54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinrichs, E.A. 1994, Host plant resistance, In : Biology and Management of Rice Insects, ed. E.A. Heinrichs,John Wiley Eastern, New Delhi, India, pp. 515-545.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinrichs, E.A. and Pathak, P.K. 1981, Resistance to the rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae in rice, Insect Sci.Appl. 1 : 123-132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinrichs, E.A., Medrano, F.G. and Rapusas, K.R. 1985, Genetic Evaluation for Insect Resistance in Rice,IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines, 356 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Israel, P. and Abraham, T.P. 1967, Techniques for assessing crop losses caused by rice stem borers in tropical areas, In : The Major Insect Pests of Rice Plant, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, Maryland, pp. 265-275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janarthanan, R. and Mohan, S. 1983, Influence of lunar cycle on light trap catches of rice stem borer, IRRN 8(4) : 16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayaraj, S. 1987, Resurgence of sucking pests, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 272p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jena, K.K. and Khush, G.S. 1984, Embryo rescue of interspecific hybrids and its scope in rice improvement,Rice Gene. Newsl. 1 : 133-134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jena, K.K. and Khush, G.S. 1989, Monosomic alien addition lines of rice : Production, morphology, cytology and breeding behaviour, Genome 32 : 449-455.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joshi, R.C., Angeca, C.J. and Ukwungwu, M.N. 1992, Yield losses due to stalk-eyed fly (SEF) in Nigeria, IRRN 17: 15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kandasamy, O.S. 1997, Response of irrigated dry and wet seeded rice to nitrogen levels and time of basal application, Madras Agric. J. 84(4): 214-216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karuppuchamy, P. and Uthamasamy, S. 1984, Influence of flooding, fertilizer and plant spacing on insect pest incidence, IRRN (9) (6): 17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenmore, P.E. 1991s Integrated Pest Management - A Model for Asia, FAO, Manila, Philippines,56p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan, Z.R., Rueda, B.P. and Caballero, P. 1989, Behavioural and physiological responses of rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis to selected wild rices, Entomol. Exp. Appl. 52 : 7-13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khush, G.S. 1984, Breeding rice for resistance to insects, Prot. Ecol. 7 : 147-165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khush, G.S. and Jena, K.K. 1986, Capabilities and limitations of conventional plant breeding and the role of distant hybridization. Paper presented at the Workshop on Biotechnology for Crop Improvement: Potential and Limitations, IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiritani, K. 1979, Pest management in rice, Ann. Rev. Entomol., 24 : 239-312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Litsinger, J.A. 1991, Crop loss assessment in rice, In : Rice Insects: Management Strategies, eds. E.A. Heinrichs and T.A. Miller, Springer Verlag, New York, USA, pp. 1-65.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Mercy, J.N. and Regupathy, A. 1989, Residues of chlorinated hydrocarbons insecticides in butter in Coimbatore,Tamil Nadu, In : Impact, Pollutants on Crop Productivity, Proc. Natl. Symp., pp. 19-20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohan, S. and Janarthanan, R. 1985, Light trap attraction of major pests of rice and a mirid predator during the rice growing season, In: Behavioural and Physiological Approaches in Pest Management, eds. A. Regupathy and S. Jayaraj, Tamil Nadu Agriculture University, Coimbatore, pp. 107-109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Multani, D.S., Jena, K.K., Brar, D.S., Delos Reyes, B.G., Angeles, E.R. and Khush, G.S. 1994, Development of monosomic alien addition lines and introgression of genes from Oryza australiensis Domin. to cultivated rice O. sativa L., Theor. Appl. Genet. 88 : 102-109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muralidharan, K., Prasad, G.S.Y.and Rao, C.S. 1996, Breeding for rice improvement : Where do we stand? Curr.Sci. 71(6) : 438-448.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muthukrishnan, P., Chinnamuthu, C.R., Ponnuswamy, K. Santhi, P. and Budhar, M.D. 1997, Appropriate varieties and management techniques for direct sown rice under puddled condition, Madras Agric. J. 84(4): 216-219.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nickel, J.L. 1964, Biological control of rice stem borers : A feasibility study, IRRI Technical Bulletin No.2.111p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pathak, M.D. and Dhaliwal, G.S. 1981, Trends and strategies for rice insect problems in tropical Asia, IRRI Research paper series No.64, Los Banos, Philippines.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedigo, L.P. 1995, Closing the gap between IPM theory and practice, J. Agric. Entomol. 12(4): 171-181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perkins, J.K. 1982, Insects, Experts and the Insecticide Crisis, Plenum Press, New York, USA, 224p.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ponnaiya, J.H.S. 1978, Crop Production Manual, Agricultural Information Unit, Department of Agriculture,Madras, 15 lp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prakasa Rao, 1990, Resistance to yellow stem borer in rice : Present and Future, In : Proc. Int. Symp. Rice Research : New Frontiers, DRR, Hyderabad, pp. 165-166

    Google Scholar 

  • Ragotte, E.G., Kazmierezak, R.F. Jr., Morton, G.W., Lambar, M.T. and Allen, W.A. 1987, The national evaluation of extension’s integrated pest management (IPM) program, Va. Coop. Ext. Ser. and USDA Ext. Ser. 114p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramachandran, R. and Khan, Z.R. 1990, Mechanisms and causes of resistance of rice to leaf folder,Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae), Rice Research Seminar, IRRI, Los Banos,Philippines.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rapusas, H.R. and Heinrichs, E.A. 1987, Varietal resistance to insect pests in rice, In : Proc. 11th Internat.Cong. Pl. Prot., Vol.11, ed. E.D. Magallona, Manila, Philippines, pp. 339-344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rezaul Karim, A.N.M. and Saxena, R.C. 1989, Feeding behaviour of three Nephotettix species on selected rice and graminaceous weeds, Intl. Rice Res. Newsl. 14(6): 28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riley, J.R., Reynolds, D.R. and Farrow, R.A. 1987, The migration of Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) (Delphacidae) and other Hemiptera associated with rice during the dry season in the Philippines : A study using radar visual observations, arerial netting and ground trapping, Bull. Ent. Res. 77 : 145-169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rombach, M.C. and Gallagher, K.D. 1994, The brown planthopper: Premises, problems and prospects, In : Biology and Management of Rice Insects, eds. E.A. Heinrichs, John Wiley Eastern, New Delhi, India.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romback, M.C., Romback, G.M. and Roberts, D.W. 1987, Pathogens of insect pests of rice, a bibliography,Insect Sci. Appl. 8 : 197-210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romena, A.M., Medrano, F., Sunio, L., Camanag, E., Visajante, V. and Saxena, R.C. 1989, Resistance of wild rices to insect pests, Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 14(5): 15-16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romena, A.M., Rapusas, H.R. and Heinrichs, E.A. 1986, Evaluation of rice accessions for resistance to the whitebacked plant hopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) (Homoptera : Delphacidae), Crop Prot. 5 : 334-340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rothschicd, G.H.L. 1971. The biology and ecology of rice stem borers in Sarawak (Malaysian Botneo), J. Appl.Ecol. 8 : 287-322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rubia, E.C. 1994, The pest status and management of white stem borer, Scirpophaga innotata (Walker) (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) in West Java, Indonesia, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubia, E.G., Shepard, B.M., Yambao, E.B., Ingram, K.T., Arina, G.S. and Penning de Vries, F. 1989, Stem borer damage and grain yield of flooded rice, J. Pl. Prot. Trop. 6 : 205-211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russel, D.A., Radwin, S.M., Irving, N.S., Jones, K.A. and Downham, M.C.A. 1993, Experimental assessment of the impact of defoliation by Spodoptera littoralis on growth and yield of Gaza 75 Cotton, Cotton Prot.12 : 303-309.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sellammal, M. and Chelliah, S. 1982, Predatory potential of the wolf spider, Lycosa pseitdoannulata on rice brown planthopper, IRRN 7(6): 17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sellammal, M. and Chelliah, S. 1983a, Rice yield loss caused by leaf folder at tillering stage, IRRN 8(4): 13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sellammal, M. and Chelliah, S. 1983b, Rice yield loss caused by leaf folder damage to the flag leaf, IRRN 8(4):14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J., Lintsinger, J.A., Bandong, J.P., Lumbadan, M.D. and Cruz, De La 1989, Economic thresholds for insecticide application to rice : Profitability and risk analysis to Filipono farmers, J. Pl. Prot. Trop. 6 : 67-87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teng, P.S. and Heong, K.L. (eds.) 1988, Pesticide Management and Integrated Pest Management in South East Asia, Consortium for International Crop Protection, Maryland, USA. 473p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teng, P.S., Toppes, C.Q., Nuque, F.L. and Calvero, S.B. 1990, Current knowledge on crop losses in tropical rice, In : Crop Loss Assessment in Rice, IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines, pp. 39-53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorne, G.N. and Wood, D.W. 1987, The fate of carbon in dying tillers of winter wheat, J. Agrl. Sci. 108 : 515-522.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vaughan, D.A. and Sitch, L.A. 1991, Gene flow from the jungle to farmers, Bioscience 41(1): 22-28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Velusamy, R. 1988, Resistance of wild rices, Oryza sp. to the brown plant hopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) (Homoptera : Delphacidae), Crop Prot. 7 : 403-408.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Velusamy, R. 1988, Resistance of wild rices, Oryza sp. to the white backed plant hopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horvath.) (Homoptera : Delphacidae), Crop Prot. 8 : 265-270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Velusamy, R., Chelliah, S. and Chandramohan, S. 1981, Resistance of rice cultivars and wild rices to thrips, Intl. Rice Res. Newsl. 6(6) : 9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Velusamy, R., Ganeshkumar, M. and Johnson, Y.S. 1994a, Resistance to white backed plant hopper in wild and cultivated rices, Intl. Rice Res. Newsl. 19(1): 12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Velusamy, R., Ganeshkumar, M. and Johnson, Y.S. 1994b, Thrips affected by stem distillates of resistant varieties and wild rices, Intl. Rice Res. Newsl. 19(1): 20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Velusamy, R., Ganeshkumar, M. and Johnson, Y.S. 1993, Resistance to yellow stem borer in breeding lines derived from Oryza officinalis, Ann. Pl. Resis. Ins. Newsl. 19 : 63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Velusamy, R., Mohankumar, S. and Manoharan, S. 1992, Resistance to thrips in breeding lines derived from Oryza officinalis, Intl. Rice Res. Newsl. 17(2): 10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Viajante, V.D. and Heinrichs, E.A. 1986, Rice growth and yield as affected by the whorl maggot Hydrellia philippina Ferino (Diptera : Ephydridae), Crop Prot. 5: 176-181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Way, M.J. 1987, Effects of agricultural development on vector-borne diseases, In: Environmental Management and Vector Control, FAO, Rome, pp. 107-141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Way, M.J. and Heong, K.L. 1994, The role of biodiversity in the dynamics and management of insect pests of tropical irrigated rice - A review, Bull. Ent. Res. 84 : 567-587.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, J.T., Heinrichs, E.A. and Medrano, F.C. 1986, Resistance of wild rices, Oryza sp. to the brown plant hopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) (Homoptera : Delphacidae), Env. Entomol. 15 : 648-653.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yatsumatsu, K. 1967, The possible control of rice stem borers by the use of natural enemies, in : Major Insect Pest of the Rice Plant, Proc. Symp IRRI 1964, John Hopkins Press, Baltimore, USA, pp. 431-442.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yatsumatsu, K. and Torri, T. 1968, Impact of parasites, predators and diseases on rice pests, Ann. Rev. Ent. 13: 295-324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gopalan, M., Suresh, S. (2001). Issues in Integrated Pest Management in Rice. In: Upadhyay, R.K., Mukerji, K.G., Chamola, B.P. (eds) Biocontrol Potential and its Exploitation in Sustainable Agriculture. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1377-3_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1377-3_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5523-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1377-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics